108 research outputs found
A Beautiful Proof by Induction
The purpose of this note is to present an example of a proof by induction that in the opinion of the present author has great aesthetic value. The proof in question is Thomassen\u27s proof that planar graphs are 5-choosable. I give a self-contained presentation of this result and its proof, and a personal account of why I think this proof is beautiful.
A secondary purpose is to more widely publicize this gem, and hopefully make it part of a standard set of examples for examining characteristics of proofs by induction
Spatial aspects in the Heureka forest decision support system â an overview
This report is part of task 1.4 in work package 1 in the Mistral Digital Forests first phase (2018- 2022) research programme. The task concerns the use of information with complete spatial coverage (âwall-to-wall dataâ) in forest planning. Spatial aspects in forest planning are present if the value of a forest management activity or the character of a specific stand does not rest only on management or attributes of the stand itself but also on stands in the neighborhood. Traditionally in Swedish forestry spatial aspects, e.g. the spatial location of final fellings, has been handled in tactical planning and/or ecological landscape planning and not in the strategic planning.In this report, we thoroughly describe and present state-of-the art applications of the spatial functionality available in the Heureka forest DSS, and identify potential development tasks. These include to simplify the interface of the optimization model, reduce the build times associated with the formulation of various optimization problems, support efficient free solvers of optimization problems, improve GIS functionality, enable the use of open data in various forms of analysis using the Heureka systems and publish the Heureka system as open source
When is a planar rod configuration infinitesimally rigid?
We provide a way of determining the infinitesimal rigidity of rod
configurations realizing a rank two incidence geometry in the Euclidean plane.
We model each rod with a cone over its point set and prove that the resulting
geometric realization of the incidence geometry is infinitesimally rigid in
regular position if and only if the resulting cone graph is infinitesimally
rigid in generic position. This is a generalization of the Molecular
conjecture.Comment: 17 pages, 4 figure
The Nature and Experience of Mathematical Beauty
KarriÀrbidra
Habitatmodeller och flermÄlsanalys
⹠Inom forskningsprogrammet Heureka utvecklas habitatmodeller för flera djur- och vÀxtarter. ⹠Habitatmodeller kan anvÀndas för att identifiera framtida flaskhalsar i mÀngd och fördelning av viktiga livsmiljöer för olika arter. ⹠Det behövs verktyg för att ta hÀnsyn till bÄde virkesproduktion och en viss mÀngd habitat i landskapet i planeringen. Ett sÄdant verktyg Àr flermÄlsanalys. ⹠FlermÄlsanalys kan anvÀndas för att utvÀrdera olika planalternativ med hÀnsyn till olika arters habitatkrav. Den grundliga genomgÄngen av situationen i en flermÄlsanalys ökar kunskapen om problemet vilket i sin tur kan leda till bÀttre slutlösningar
Enumeration of Sets of Mutually Orthogonal Latin Rectangles
We study sets of mutually orthogonal Latin rectangles (MOLR), and a natural
variation of the concept of self-orthogonal Latin squares which is applicable
on larger sets of mutually orthogonal Latin squares and MOLR, namely that each
Latin rectangle in a set of MOLR is isotopic to each other rectangle in the
set. We call such a set of MOLR \emph{homogeneous}. In the course of doing
this, we perform a complete enumeration of non-isotopic sets of mutually
orthogonal Latin rectangles for , for all .
Specifically, we keep track of homogeneous sets of MOLR, as well as sets of
MOLR where the autotopism group acts transitively on the rectangles, and we
call such sets of MOLR \emph{transitive}. We build the sets of MOLR row by row,
and in this process we also keep track of which of the MOLR are homogeneous
and/or transitive in each step of the construction process. We use the prefix
\emph{stepwise} to refer to sets of MOLR with this property. Sets of MOLR are
connected to other discrete objects, notably finite geometries and certain
regular graphs. Here we observe that all projective planes of order at most 9
except the Hughes plane can be constructed from a stepwise transitive MOLR.Comment: 60 page
Small Youden Rectangles, Near Youden Rectangles, and Their Connections to Other Row-Column Designs
In this paper we study Youden rectangles of small orders. We have enumerated
all Youden rectangles for all small parameter values, excluding the almost
square cases, in a large scale computer search. For small parameter values
where no Youden rectangles exist, we also enumerate rectangles where the number
of symbols common to two columns is always one of two possible values. We refer
to these objects as \emph{near Youden rectangles}. For all our designs we
calculate the size of the autotopism group and investigate to which degree a
certain transformation can yield other row-column designs, namely double
arrays, triple arrays and sesqui arrays. Finally we also investigate certain
Latin rectangles with three possible pairwise intersection sizes for the
columns and demonstrate that these can give rise to triple and sesqui arrays
which cannot be obtained from Youden rectangles, using the transformation
mentioned above.Comment: 33 pages, 21 Table
Deltagerdriven forskning â vĂ€xtodlingsgruppen: Resultat och utvĂ€rdering av arbetet under 1998 till 2001
De ekologiska lantbrukarna i Sverige har under lÄng tid utfört olika typer av utvecklingsarbete pÄ gÄrdsnivÄ (Wivstad, 1999). I den fortsatta utvecklingen av ekologiskt lantbruk Àr det viktigt att ta tillvara dessa erfarenheter och kunskaper.
Deltagardriven forskning Àr en förÀndringsprocess (Ullmark, 1998) dÀr aktiva lantbrukare, rÄdgivare och forskare arbetar i grupp utifrÄn gemensamma intresseomrÄden. Syftet Àr att knyta ihop forskarnas, rÄdgivarnas och lantbrukarnas teoretiska och praktiska kunskaper och erfarenheter. Alla som medverkar i processen Àr lika viktiga och alla
parter som berörs av resultaten har möjlighet att pÄverka gruppens arbete och utveckling (Ullmark, 1998).
Tillsammans identifierar gruppen problem och anvÀnder/utvecklar för lantbrukaren relevanta försöks- och forskningsmetoder som kan bidra till att lösa de praktiska problem som lantbrukaren faktiskt stÀlls inför. Genom deltagardriven forskning kan lantbrukarna Àven fÄ möjlighet till att pÄverka var och hur forskning bedrivs. ForskningsfrÄgorna kan hÀmtas frÄn lantbrukssystemets olika delar samt göra gruppen medveten om hur olika delar pÄverkar helheten (Wivstad, 1999; EksvÀrd et al, 2001). I förlÀngningen kan deltagarna bli informatörer och överföra idéer till andra lantbrukare (Ullmark, 1998).
Centrum för uthĂ„lligt lantbruk, CUL, placerat vid SLU, har sedan 1998 ansvarat för det tvĂ€rvetenskapliga projektet âDeltagardriven forskningâ som ett verktyg för regional utveckling av det ekologiska lantbruket. Det övergripande mĂ„let har varit att öka kunskapen om hur man kan Ă„stadkomma uthĂ„lliga lantbrukssystem.
Projektet startade med sex delgrupper inriktade pĂ„ följande omrĂ„den: grönsaker â friland, grönsaker â vĂ€xthus, höns, vĂ€xtodling, biogas samt grisproduktion. DĂ€refter har nĂ„gra tillkommit och nĂ„gra avslutats.
För aktuell information se hemsidan: www.cul.slu.se. Ytterligare beskrivning kan fĂ„s i âDeltagardriven forskning â forskningsinriktad aktörssamverkan för svenskt lantbrukâ (EksvĂ€rd, i tryck)
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