Immobilization of a Commercial Lipase from Penicillium camembertii (Lipase G) by Different Strategies

The objective of this work was to select the most suitable procedure to immobilize lipase from Penicillium camembertii (Lipase G). Different techniques and supports were evaluated, including physical adsorption on hydrophobic supports octyl-agarose, poly(hydroxybutyrate) and Amberlite resin XAD-4; ionic adsorption on the anionic exchange resin MANAE-agarose and covalent attachment on glyoxyl-agarose, MANAE-agarose cross-linked with glutaraldehyde, MANAE-agarose-glutaraldehyde, and epoxy-silica-polyvinyl alcohol composite. Among the tested protocols, the highest hydrolytic activity (128.2 ± 8.10 IU·g−1 of support) was achieved when the lipase was immobilized on epoxy-SiO2-PVA using hexane as coupling medium. Lipase immobilized by ionic adsorption on MANAE-agarose also gave satisfactory result, attaining 55.6 ± 2.60 IU·g−1 of support. In this procedure, the maximum loading of immobilized enzyme was 9.3 mg·g−1 of gel, and the highest activity (68.8 ± 2.70 IU·g−1 of support) was obtained when 20 mg of protein·g−1 was offered. Immobilization carried out in aqueous medium by physical adsorption on hydrophobic supports and covalent attachment on MANAE-agarose-glutaraldehyde and glyoxyl-agarose was shown to be unfeasible for Lipase G. Thermal stability tests revealed that the immobilized derivative on epoxy-SiO2-PVA composite using hexane as coupling medium had a slight higher thermal stability than the free lipase

AVALIAÇÃO DA EFICIÊNCIA ANTIBACTERIANA DE EXTRATO DE Lentinula edodes E DA SOLUÇÃO AQUOSA DO LÁTEX DE Euphorbia tirucalli FRENTE À BACTÉRIA Streptococcus agalactiae: ESTUDOS PRELIMINARES

Streptococcus agalactiae é agente causador de enfermidades em seres humanos e animais, sendo uma das principais causas de mastite bovina e perdas econômicas para os produtores leiteiros. Ademais, este patógeno tem apresentado resistência a antimicrobianos que são amplamente utilizados nos diferentes setores de produção animal. Diante disto, métodos alternativos de tratamento têm sido investigados visando o combate desta bactéria, dentre estes fitoterápicos e fungos. Dois agentes terapêuticos: Lentinula edodes e Euphorbia tirucalli têm demonstrado bons resultados como antimicrobianos e imunoestimulantes contra outros patógenos. Entretanto, não há estudos que comprovem a eficácia destes agentes frente S. agalatiae. Portanto o objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a ação antimicrobiana de extrato de Lentinula edodes e Solução aquosa de Euphorbia tirucalli obtidos destes agentes contra S. agalactiae. Foram utilizadas 25 bactérias pertencentes ao banco de cultura do Laboratório de Microbiologia da UFLA, isoladas de mastite bovina e uma amostra ATCC BAA – 611como controle positivo dos testes. O método de concentração inibitória mínima (CIM) foi realizado para avaliar a eficiência dos extratos contra S. agalactiae utilizando uma faixa de concentração de 1000 μg/mL a 15,65 μg/mL, de cada um dos extratos. Não foi observada inibição de crescimento em nenhuma das amostras avaliadas, portanto as concentrações estudadas dos agentes não foram eficazes contra S. agalactiae.  Palavras-chave: mastite bovina. Fungo shiitake, coroa de cristo, GBS, Concentração inibitória mínima

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Outcomes from elective colorectal cancer surgery during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic

This study aimed to describe the change in surgical practice and the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on mortality after surgical resection of colorectal cancer during the initial phases of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic