Mladi i stari na tržištu rada za vreme tranzicije u Srbiji

Za vreme tranzicije situacija na tržištu rada se menja jer dolazi do smanjenja javnog i rasta privatnog sektora. Ovaj članak ispituje kako su se stopa aktivnosti i zaposlenosti menjale za vreme tranzicije u Srbiji. Analiziraju se indikatori tržišta rada fokusiranjem na 3 starosne grupe: (1) mladi (15-24 godina), srednja grupa (25-49 godina), (3) stari (50-64 godina). Vremenski period koji se analizira je “dobar” period, tj. period ekonomskog rasta (2004.-2008.) i “loš” period, tj. period krize (2008.-2011.). Rezultati pokazuju da je stopa aktivnosti opala u oba perioda pre svega zbog pada stope aktivnosti mladih i starih. Stopa zaposlenosti je imala sličan trend za sve tri starosne grupe. U prvom periodu se nije značajno menjala, dok je u drugom drastično opala. Rezultati potvrđuju da su stari i mladi više pogođeni tranzicijom nego srednja starosna grupa. Predlažu se mere koje bi doprinele poboljšanju situacije na tržištu rada za ove dve grupe

Equal Access to Education: An Evaluation of the Roma Teaching Assistant Program in Serbia

This paper investigates the effects of a remedial education program—the Roma Teaching Assistant Program—targeting the socially excluded Roma minority in Serbia. By using first-hand collected data, we find evidence that children exposed to the program went more to school. We do not find an effect on dropouts or marks for all grades. An examination of heterogeneous effects suggests that children in the first grade benefited more from the program as compared to their older peers through lower dropouts and better marks. Overall, our results suggest that well-targeted remedial education programs can boost outcomes of low performers.This paper is produced as part of the project Actors, Markets, and Institutions in Developing Countries: A micro-empirical approach (AMID), a Marie Curie Initial Training Network (ITN) funded by the European Commission under its Seventh Framework program Contract Number 214705 PITN-GA-2008-214705. Financial support from the Belgian Federal Administration of Scientific Research—SPF Sciences under the grant number TA/00/046 is gratefully acknowledged. Financial support from the Spanish MEC (Ref. ECO2014-58434-P) is gratefully acknowledged

The curse of low expectations: remedial education and perceived returns to education of Roma people

We examine how a remedial education programme for primary school-age children affects parental expectations about their children’s future. Using original survey data we collected in Serbia, we investigate whether expectations on labour market prospects and educational attainment change as a consequence of exposure to the Roma Teaching Assistant programme. Our results show that parents of pupils in treated schools expect higher returns to education for their children and are more likely to expect them to achieve a secondary level of education. We also investigate the possible mechanisms in place due to the characteristics of the programme: remedial education and role model

An Evaluation of Modernised Vocational Profiles in Serbian Secondary Schools

This paper studies the labour market outcomes of graduates of three modernised vocational profiles in Serbian schools six months after finishing secondary school. As part of this process existing vocational profiles were modernised and a close cooperation with companies where pupils had their practical training was established. We employ a difference-in-difference methodology to estimate employment effects and self-reported quality of modernised educational profiles. Our dataset consists of 32 schools and 723 interviewed pupils. Our findings suggest a higher subjective quality of innovated profiles especially how pupils perceive their secondary education experience. With regards to employment, we do not find a higher employment rate for graduates of innovated profiles, but we find that the quality of their jobs is higher compared to the comparison pupils. While short-term impacts are encouraging, the literature emphasises that one should consider also the long-term perspective especially because vocational skills can depreciate at a faster rate than general skills

Socijalno preduzetništvo u Srbiji: pregled i perspektive

Ovaj rad daje istorijski pregled razvoja socijalnog preduzetništva u Srbiji i analizira mogućnosti i perspektive dalje afirmacije ovog koncepta u aktuelnim društvenim i ekonomskim uslovima. U radu pratimo istorijski razvoj socijalnog preduzetništva od njegovih korena, koji su u razvoju poljoprivrednih zadruga u 19. veku, pa sve do danas, kada se u Srbiji razvijaju neke nove forme socijalnih preduzeća, napredne ideje socijalnog preduzetništva i njegove uloge u privrednom životu Srbije. Rad iznosi i analizira nekoliko primera koje bismo mogli označiti pripadnicima nove generacije socijalnih preduzetnika. Takođe, identifikovani su faktori koji u ovom trenutku podržavaju razvoj socijalnog preduzetništva u Srbiji, ali i oni koji ga blokiraju. Na osnovu svega, izvedene su konkretne preporuke za donosioce ekonomskih, socijalnih i političkih odluka u Srbiji

Professional Traineeship Programme as a Tool Facilitating Participation of Unemployed Youth in the Labour Market: Case Study of the Republic of Serbia

Active labour market policies (ALMPs) aim to increase employment mainly targeting vulnerable groups as beneficiaries ‒ long-term unemployed, youth, women, people with disabilities, Roma, etc. The prevalence of ALMPs and their intensity vary from country to country as determined by available financial resources, targeted beneficiaries’ characteristics as well as the labour market characteristics. The objective of this paper is to examine the 12-month Professional Traineeship Programme (PTP) implemented by the National Employment Service (NES) of the Republic of Serbia. The programme was conducted from 2017 to 2018 assigning 9,561 participants to workplace training based on their educational background with a view to easing the transition from education to work. Our analysis illustrates the characteristics and labour market outcomes of the programme’s participants. Every third participant got employed in the company after completing the programme, and after one year every second participant was employed (in the same company or elsewhere). We find that those who participated in the programme in the public sector were somewhat less likely to gain employment a year after its completion. Moreover, women were more likely to be employed one year after finishing the traineeship as well as those who were better educated and those who lived in more economically developed regions. Gender, education level and one’s regional background are therefore found to be important correlates of success in securing employment when young people enter the labour market following education

Parenthood and Labour Market Outcomes in Serbia

Using the Labour Force Survey data for the period 2014 to 2018 for Serbia, this paper explores the effect of parenthood on the labour market trajectories of parents, the so-called ‘parenthood penalty’. We find that mothers are less likely than non-mothers to be active in the labour market when their children are very young, but this effect is transitory, and mothers of older children are actually more likely to be active than non-mothers. Similarly, we observe that mothers of small children are less like-ly to work overtime than non-mothers, but also that both parents of older children are more likely to engage in overtime work than men and women without children. We find a motherhood penalty in terms of hourly wages for mothers with younger children, but the penalty is not significant as children become older. By contrast, fathers are more likely to be active than nonfathers. We do not find an effect of fatherhood on hours worked or hourly wages. Overall, our results suggest that the motherhood penalty is present in Serbia in the early stages when children are young, but motherhood does not seem to have lasting effects on the labour market participation, hours worked, or wage rates of mothers. We do not find evidence of a fatherhood bonus, but we find that fathers are more likely to be active than non-fathers

Pension Reform and the Long-Term Labour Force Projections in Serbia : The Application of the Cohort-Simulation Model

In 2014 the Government of Serbia has adopted a law that postponed both the minimum age for early retirement for men and women and the minimum age for old-age retirement for women. The measures were introduced in order to address high inactivity of the elderly, especially among women, while, at the same time, addressing the problem of the increasingly aging population and heavily burdened pension system. We use the Cohort Simulation Model and the Labour Force Survey data to investigate the medium- and long-term effects of the retirement reform on the projected activity rate of men and women in Serbia,. The results indicate that the activity rate of older workers would increase by 1.9 percentage points by 2026 and by 3.9 percentage points by 2060 even without the introduction of the pension reform, merely as the result in the activity trends. On the other hand, the introduction of the pension reform increases the activity rate by additional 2.2 percentage points in 2026 and by 2.9 percentage points in 2060. Additionally, the results suggest that the large gender gap in the activity rates will be significantly reduced. However, the growth of the activity rate suggests that the Europe 2020 target of 75% 20-64 activity rate will be reached in Serbia only in 2060

Equal access to education: An Evaluation of the Roma Teaching Assistant Programme in Serbia *

Abstract The paper investigates the impact of the Roma Teaching Assistant Programme in Serbia in its first year of introduction on the following schooling outcomes: marks, absences and probability to dropout. We use two different identification strategies. First, we use a differencein-difference approach and exploit the gradual implementation and the intensity of the programme to estimate its impact. Second, we compare children exposed to the programme with older cohorts not exposed to the programme. We find that marks have improved, especially for migrants, and dropout have reduced. There is also evidence that children exposed to the programme went on average more to school. Higher and more systematic impacts are obtained in schools with a lower number of Roma. We confirm the robustness of our results with placebo tests for the years prior to the introduction of the programme