26 research outputs found
Portable Raman Spectrometer for in situ analysis of asbestos and fibrous minerals
Asbestos inhalation is associated with fatal respiratory diseases and raises concerns from the perspective of workplace safety and environmental impacts. Asbestos and asbestos-like minerals naturally occur in rocks and may become airborne when outcrops or soils are disturbed by anthropic activities. In situ detection of these minerals is a crucial step for the risk evaluation of natural sites. We assess here whether a portable Raman spectrometer (pRS) may be used in the identification of asbestos and asbestos-like minerals at the mining front during exploitation. pRS performance was tested at three geologically different mining sites in Italy and New Caledonia and compared with a high-resolution micro-Raman spectrometer (HRS). About 80% of the overall in situ analyses at the mining front were successfully identified by pRS, even when intermixed phases or strongly disaggregated and altered samples were analyzed. Chrysotile and tremolite asbestos, asbestos-like antigorite, and balangeroite were correctly detected during surveys. The major difficulties faced during in situ pRS measurements were fluorescence emission and focussing the laser beam on non-cohesive bundles of fibers. pRS is adequate for discriminating asbestos and asbestos-like minerals in situ. pRS may support risk assessment of mining sites to better protect workers and environmen
Worldwide trends in population-based survival for children, adolescents, and young adults diagnosed with leukaemia, by subtype, during 2000â14 (CONCORD-3) : analysis of individual data from 258 cancer registries in 61 countries
Background Leukaemias comprise a heterogenous group of haematological malignancies. In CONCORD-3, we analysed
data for children (aged 0â14 years) and adults (aged 15â99 years) diagnosed with a haematological malignancy
during 2000â14 in 61 countries. Here, we aimed to examine worldwide trends in survival from leukaemia, by age and
morphology, in young patients (aged 0â24 years).
Methods We analysed data from 258 population-based cancer registries in 61 countries participating in CONCORD-3
that submitted data on patients diagnosed with leukaemia. We grouped patients by age as children (0â14 years),
adolescents (15â19 years), and young adults (20â24 years). We categorised leukaemia subtypes according to the
International Classification of Childhood Cancer (ICCC-3), updated with International Classification of Diseases
for Oncology, third edition (ICD-O-3) codes. We estimated 5-year net survival by age and morphology, with 95% CIs,
using the non-parametric Pohar-Perme estimator. To control for background mortality, we used life tables by
country or region, single year of age, single calendar year and sex, and, where possible, by race or ethnicity. All-age
survival estimates were standardised to the marginal distribution of young people with leukaemia included in the
analysis.
Findings 164563 young people were included in this analysis: 121328 (73·7%) children, 22963 (14·0%) adolescents, and
20272 (12·3%) young adults. In 2010â14, the most common subtypes were lymphoid leukaemia (28205 [68·2%] patients)
and acute myeloid leukaemia (7863 [19·0%] patients). Age-standardised 5-year net survival in children, adolescents, and
young adults for all leukaemias combined during 2010â14 varied widely, ranging from 46% in Mexico to more than
85% in Canada, Cyprus, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, and Australia. Individuals with lymphoid leukaemia had better
age-standardised survival (from 43% in Ecuador to â„80% in parts of Europe, North America, Oceania, and Asia) than
those with acute myeloid leukaemia (from 32% in Peru to â„70% in most high-income countries in Europe,
North America, and Oceania). Throughout 2000â14, survival from all leukaemias combined remained consistently
higher for children than adolescents and young adults, and minimal improvement was seen for adolescents and young
adults in most countries.
Interpretation This study offers the first worldwide picture of population-based survival from leukaemia in children,
adolescents, and young adults. Adolescents and young adults diagnosed with leukaemia continue to have lower
survival than children. Trends in survival from leukaemia for adolescents and young adults are important indicators
of the quality of cancer management in this age group.peer-reviewe
ABP.Amiante et Bonnes Pratiques : rapport scientifique final
Le projet « Amiante et Bonnes Pratiques » (ABP) propose une Ă©tude intĂ©grĂ©e depuislâidentification jusquâau caractĂšre pathogĂšne des fibres issues des minĂ©raux amiantifĂšresprĂ©sents en secteur minier nĂ©o-calĂ©donien. Au travers dâun Ă©chantillonnage dâun panelreprĂ©sentatif des asbestes prĂ©sents (famille des serpentinites et des amphiboles), il sâagit decaractĂ©riser les minĂ©ralogies, les propriĂ©tĂ©s physico-chimiques et toxicologiques de cesminĂ©raux amiantifĂšres. Ces rĂ©sultats permettront de dĂ©crypter le comportement de chaquetypologie minĂ©rale dâasbeste face aux « attaques » supergĂšnes susceptibles de dĂ©clencherlâĂ©mission de fibres pathogĂšnes. Ă noter que le projet ABP apporte les premiĂšres donnĂ©estoxicologiques sur les fibres dâamiante nĂ©o-calĂ©doniennes. Un intĂ©rĂȘt particulier est portĂ© surlâantigorite, minĂ©ral fibreux trĂšs prĂ©sent sur le territoire calĂ©donien, notamment en secteurminier, mais non rĂ©pertoriĂ© comme amiante dans la lĂ©gislation hors territoire
Isotopic and geochemical study of the Cenozoic volcanic rocks dredged from the South Fiji Basin and Northland plateau. EOS Trans
International audienc
Sr, Nd, Hf and Pb isotope geochemistry of Early Miocene shoshonitic lavas from the South Fiji Basin: note
International audienc
Potential contamination of stream waters by ultramafic mining sediments: Identification of geochemical makers (New Caledonia)
International audienceThe ultramafic massifs of New Caledonia are mainly composed of regolites with lateritic soils rich in metals such as Co, Fe, Mg and Ni. The nickeliferous ore is exploited by opencast mines. After rainfalls, erosion and particle runoff cause the mobilization of metals and metalloids in surface waters. The objective of this study is (i) to determine the geochemical background of metals and metalloids in surface waters draining a mining ultramafic massif, (ii) to identify the geochemical markers influenced by the mining of nickeliferous ore (iii) and to define discriminant values of the mining impact. Hydrochemical monitoring was carried out on five streams draining the Koniambo massif over a 15-years period. Twenty-four elements were analyzed for their total concentration and 18 for their dissolved concentration (<0.45âŻÎŒm). The descriptive analysis shows that one river has higher total concentrations of As, Co, Cr, Ni, Mn, Al, Fe, Si and Mg and higher dissolved concentrations of Al, Cr, Ni than the other 4 rivers. This difference results from an old mine whose erosion exacerbates sediment transport. These 5 rivers drain the same ultramafic massif of small surface area (21âŻkm2). The description by the boxplot method of the 4 non-impacted rivers allowed us to define a geochemical background. The graphical comparison between the geochemical background with the median values of the river impacted, validated by the ANOVA one way, allowed us to identify markers of the mining anthropization. The use of a supervised classification as a decision tree ranks the markers according to their discriminating power. In addition, this method determines the range of threshold values that separate impacted from non-impacted rivers. The elements Cr, As, Si, Mg and Al are identified as discriminating markers for total concentrations. Only Cr has been identified as a discriminating metal for the dissolved fraction with an interval around 58âŻÎŒg/l. This concentration is close to the limit defined by the WHO for drinking water which is 50âŻÎŒg/l
SynthĂšse du programme amiante et bonnes pratiques
- Ce rapport prĂ©sente la synthĂšse, issue du rapport scientifique final, des rĂ©sultats du programme « ABP, Amiante et bonnes pratiques ».- Le programme ABP a proposĂ© une Ă©tude intĂ©grĂ©e et pluridisciplinaire depuis lâidentification jusquâau caractĂšre pathogĂšne des fibres issues des minĂ©raux amiantifĂšres prĂ©sents en secteur minier nĂ©o-calĂ©donien.- Au travers dâun Ă©chantillonnage dâun panel reprĂ©sentatif des asbestes prĂ©sents (famille des serpentinites et des amphiboles), les minĂ©ralogies, les propriĂ©tĂ©s physico-chimiques et toxicologiques de ces minĂ©raux amiantifĂšres ont Ă©tĂ© caractĂ©risĂ©es.- Ă noter que le programme ABP a apportĂ© les premiĂšres donnĂ©es toxicologiques sur les fibres dâamiante nĂ©o-calĂ©doniennes. Un intĂ©rĂȘt particulier est portĂ© sur lâantigorite, minĂ©ral fibreux trĂšs prĂ©sent sur le territoire calĂ©donien, notamment en secteur minier, mais non rĂ©pertoriĂ© comme amiante dans la lĂ©gislation hors territoire
Oligocene-Miocene tectonic evolution of the South Fiji Basin and Northland Plateau, SW Pacific Ocean : evidence from petrology and dating of dredged rocks
International audienc