MOOC creation in adult education. Recommendations for creating and implementing online courses for many people

Auf der österreichischen MOOC-Plattform iMooX.at werden seit 2014 zahlreiche offene Online-Kurse angeboten. Für den vorliegenden Beitrag haben ExpertInnen - dabei handelt es sich um die Verantwortlichen für eine reiche Palette an unterschiedlichen Erwachsenenbildungs-MOOCs mit insgesamt etwa 21.000 registrierten TeilnehmerInnen - ihre Erfahrungen mit MOOCs systematisch zusammengetragen. Sie formulieren Empfehlungen, die für ErwachsenenbildnerInnen bei der Konzeption und Durchführung eines großen, offenen Online-Kurses hilfreich sein könnten. Außerdem enthält der Beitrag sowohl Überlegungen zu potenziellen Zielgruppen, Themen und Vorhaben für MOOCs als auch Reflexionen rund um die Herausforderungen bei der MOOC-Konzeption. Schließlich legt das AutorInnenkollektiv dar, wie MOOCs didaktisch ausgestaltet werden sollten, um die Lernenden optimal zu unterstützen. (DIPF/Orig.)Since 2014 a large number of open online courses have been offered on the Austrian MOOC platform iMooX.at. For this article, experts - those responsible for a rich variety of different adult education MOOCs with a total of around 21,000 registered participants - have systematically collected their experiences with MOOCs. They formulate recommendations that may help adult educators create and implement a massive open online course. The article also includes thoughts on potential target groups, topics and plans for MOOCs as well as reflections on the challenges involved in creating a MOOC. Finally, the experts\u27 collective explains how MOOCs should be designed in terms of didactics so that learners receive optimal support. (DIPF/Orig.

ARTD1 in myeloid cells controls the IL-12/18–IFN-γ axis in a model of sterile sepsis, chronic bacterial infection, and cancer

Mice deficient for ADP-ribosyltransferase diphteria toxin-like 1 (ARTD1) are protected against microbially induced inflammation. To address the contribution of ARTD1 to inflammation specifically in myeloid cells, we generated an Artd1ΔMyel mouse strain with conditional ARTD1 deficiency in myeloid lineages and examined the strain in three disease models. We found that ARTD1, but not its enzymatic activity, enhanced the transcriptional activation of distinct LPS-induced genes that included IL-12, TNF-α, and IL-6 in primary bone marrow-derived macrophages and LPS-induced IL-12/18-IFN-γ signaling in Artd1ΔMyel mice. The loss of Artd1 in myeloid cells also reduced the TH1 response to Helicobacter pylori and impaired immune control of the bacteria. Furthermore, Artd1ΔMyel mice failed to control tumor growth in a s.c. MC-38 model of colon cancer, which could be attributed to reduced TH1 and CD8 responses. Together, these data provide strong evidence for a cell-intrinsic role of ARTD1 in myeloid cells that is independent of its enzymatic activity and promotes type I immunity by promoting IL-12/18 expression

Patient and disease characteristics of adult patients with type 1 diabetes in Germany: an analysis of the DPV and DIVE databases

Background: An understanding of the current status of patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) can help to provide appropriate treatment. Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of the DIabetes Versorgungs-Evaluation (DIVE) and the Diabetes-Patienten-Verlaufsdokumentation (DPV) databases for Germany. Results: The analysis included 56,250 people with T1DM (54.2% male), a median age of 36.8 years, and a median diabetes duration of 12.4 years. 15.3% were obese (body mass index ≥ 30kg/m 2 ). Long-acting insulin analogs were used by 53.3%, short-acting analogs by 72.1%, and oral antidiabetic drugs by 4.7%. Patients had a median glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) of 7.8%. There was a drop in HbA1c and an increase in the rate of hypertension, oral antidiabetic drug use, and in the rate of severe hypoglycemia (all p < 0.01) with age. Flash glucose monitoring (FGM) showed the best glucose values with fewer complications compared to other monitoring systems. HbA1c and FBG were lower in patients using a pump versus multiple daily injections (MDIs; 7.7 versus 7.9% and 7.8 versus 8.7 mmol/l; all adjusted p < 0.01). Patients had a lower risk of at least one severe hypoglycemic or DKA episode during the most recent treatment year with pump treatment compared to MDI (9.4% versus 10.5% and 4.7% versus 6.1%, both adjusted p < 0.01). Conclusion: The data demonstrated less-than-optimal glycemic control in the young, an increasing metabolic pattern in T1DM with increasing age, a benefit of FGM to improve HbA1c control and adverse effects, as well as benefits of pump treatment over MDIs

A collaborative comparison of international pediatric diabetes registries

Background An estimated 1.1 million children and adolescents aged under 20 years have type 1 diabetes worldwide. Principal investigators from seven well-established longitudinal pediatric diabetes registries and the SWEET initiative have come together to provide an international collaborative perspective and comparison of the registries. Work Flow Information and data including registry characteristics, pediatric participant clinical characteristics, data availability and data completeness from the Australasian Diabetes Data Network (ADDN), Danish Registry of Childhood and Adolescent Diabetes (DanDiabKids), Diabetes prospective follow-up registry (DPV), Norwegian Childhood Diabetes Registry (NCDR), National Paediatric Diabetes Audit (NPDA), Swedish Childhood Diabetes Registry (Swediabkids), T1D Exchange Quality Improvement Collaborative (T1DX-QI), and the SWEET initiative was extracted up until 31 December 2020. Registry Objectives and Outcomes The seven diabetes registries and the SWEET initiative collectively show data of more than 900 centers and around 100,000 pediatric patients, the majority with type 1 diabetes. All share the common objectives of monitoring treatment and longitudinal outcomes, promoting quality improvement and equality in diabetes care and enabling clinical research. All generate regular benchmark reports. Main differences were observed in the definition of the pediatric population, the inclusion of adults, documentation of CGM metrics and collection of raw data files as well as linkage to other data sources. The open benchmarking and access to regularly updated data may prove to be the most important contribution from registries. This study describes aspects of the registries to enable future collaborations and to encourage the development of new registries where they do not exist