Impacts of Agricultural Expansion (1910s-2010s) on Water Cycle in the Songneng Plain, Northeast China

Agricultural expansion is one of the primary land use changes on the Earth’s surface. The Songnen Plain in Northeast China is renowned for its Black Soil and is one of the most important agricultural regions of this country. In the last century, its population increased 20-fold and excessive areas of grassland were cultivated. Based on a series of decadal land use/land cover data sets in the plain (1910s–2010s), this study simulated the water balance in each decade using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model and assessed the water effects of centurial agricultural expansion. Six variables were simulated to explain the land-atmosphere interaction: precipitation, total evapotranspiration, canopy transpiration, canopy interception evaporation, land evaporation and land surface runoff and infiltration. Agreeing with historical climate reanalysis data, the simulated precipitation in the plain did not have a significant trend. However, the total evapotranspiration significantly increased in the study region. The canopy transpiration and interception evaporation increased and the runoff and infiltration decreased, both indicating a drought effect in soil. The drying trend varied spatially with the strongest pattern in the central plain where large areas of wetlands remain. As a consequence of agricultural expansion, the centurial drying process in the fertile Black Soil may put strong pressure on the crop productivity and food safety of this important agricultural region

Mass Flow Rate Measurement of Pneumatically Conveyed Particles Through Acoustic Emission Detection and Electrostatic Sensing

Accurate online mass flow rate measurement of pneumatically conveyed particles is desirable to convert a conventional pulverized fuel fired power station into a smart thermal power plant. This paper presents a novel method for the online measurement of the mass flow rate of pulverized fuel through acoustic emission (AE) detection and electrostatic sensing. An integrated sensing head with an AE probe and three sets of electrostatic sensor arrays is developed. The proposed method determines the particle velocity by multi-channel cross correlation of the electrostatic signals and extracts the information about mass flow rate from the AE signal arising from impacts of particles with a waveguide protruding into the flow. An analytical model that relates the energy of the AE signals, the particle velocity and the mass flow rate is established. The sensing head was mounted on vertical and horizontal sections of a 72-mm bore laboratory-scale test rig conveying fine silica particles. Experimental tests were conducted under a range of flow conditions and installation orientations to assess the performance of the developed measurement system. The results demonstrate that the sensing head should be installed in any orientation away from the elbow on the vertical section of a pipe, while for installation on a horizontal pipe the waveguide should be in the horizontal direction. The instrumentation system is capable of measuring the mass flow rate of particles in the vertical pipe with a relative error within ±6.5% regardless of the orientation of the sensing head over the mass flow rate from 7 kg/h to 25 kg/h and the particle velocity from 12 m/s to 30 m/s. Whilst on the horizontal pipe the error is within ±5.8% when the sensing head is installed with the waveguide in the horizontal direction under the same flow conditions

ROLE OF EPIGALLOCATECHIN-3-GALLATE IN THE BREAD DELIVERY SYSTEM ON LOWERING OBESITY RISK ON MICE MODEL

Master'sMASTER OF SCIENCE (RSH-FOS

Research on Evolution of Spatial Pattern of Crude Oil Trade

In these years, diversification of import channels has been a important strategy to get the security of petroleum import. However, diversification premises a thorough analysis and understanding of the importing strategy of other countries in advance. Ignorance of other crude oil importing countries’ strategic decisions and their interactions and integrations will inevitably lead to the failure of the diversification strategy.This paper analyses the world’s network of crude oil import and shows the evolving of the structure. Analysis of a regional comparison is also carried out to highlight the difference between the states and the homogeneity of world crude oil trade networks. Finally, the spatial structure of world crude oil trade has been simulated. In conclusion, diversification does necessarily not mean homogeneity. The resource reserve in each region varies and the economic and political relationships among regions are also diverse, which determine that diversification of import channels depends on the objective situation and relationship with our partners

The Size of Children’s Strollers of Different Ages Based on Ergonomic Mathematics Design

By establishing common simplified model rules for strollers, the early planning of rapid modeling of new products is realized. We have ergonomically designed the shock-absorbing structure of the stroller. Studies have shown that the vibration damping of the stroller has the greatest relationship with the damping structure of the car body itself. The vibration acceleration monitoring of the cart with the frame damping system found that due to the frame damping system, nylon components are used for isolation between the frame connection parts and between the wheel and the seat pocket so that the nylon can effectively absorb the impact energy

A review of uncertainty quantification and its applications in numerical simulation of scramjet combustor

Engine design heavily relies on numerical simulation of engine environments, which greatly accelerates the design iteration and increases efficiency. Nonetheless, for a long time, the uncertainty associated with numerical modeling has been overlooked due to resource constraints. The advent of increased computing power in recent years has enabled designers to consider the critical importance of uncertainty quantification(UQ) for developing more robust and reliable designs. UQ methods can be broadly classified into uncertainty propagation and inverse problem. Given the central role of uncertainty propagation in the inverse problem, this review focuses on the development of propagation methods and categorizes them into three groups based on the representation of uncertainty. Bayesian methods are also mentioned to provide a complete picture of UQ. The review highlights the successful applications of UQ in simulating chemical kinetics, turbulence, and scramjet, and outlines potential UQ techniques for practically simulating high-dimensional, strong-nonlinear engine combustion processes in the future

Bioaccessibility and Bioavailability of (-)-Epigallocatechin Gallate in the Bread Matrix with Glycemic Reduction

Bread has a high glycemic index (GI) and rich contents of quickly digestible carbohydrates, which is associated with insulin resistance and the risk of chronic diseases. (-)-Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG) is the primary catechin component that inhibits starch hydrolases, while the low release and absorption rates limit its utilization. In this study, EGCG was added to the bread matrix for fortification to reduce its glycemic index compared to white bread. EGCG fortification at 4% decreased the starch digestion rate of baked bread by 24.43% compared to unfortified bread and by 14.31% compared to white bread, with an identical amount of EGCG outside the matrix. Moreover, the predicted GI (pGI) was reduced by 13.17% compared to white bread. Further, 4% EGCG-matched bread enhanced the bioaccessibility and bioavailability of EGCG by 40.38% and 47.11%, respectively, compared to the control. The results of molecular docking demonstrated that EGCG had a higher binding affinity with α-amylase than with α-glucosidase, indicating that EGCG may effectively inhibit the accumulation of carbs during starch digestion. Thus, EGCG can be used as a functional ingredient in bread to reduce its glycemic potential, and the bread matrix can be used as a carrier for EGCG delivery to enhance its bioaccessibility and bioavailability