29 research outputs found
Analysis of blood transfusion requirements during the gravido-puerperal period in a hospital in Ouagadougou
This work was carried out with the aim to analyze the needs covered and not covered in blood during the gravid-postpartum period. This retrospective study covered the period from 1st January 2007 to December 31, 2009. It took into account the records of patients admitted to a direct or indirect obstetric causes, and has received an indication for transfusion. 450 patients had an indication for transfusion during the gravid-puerperal period. The main indications for transfusion were posed in front of 75.1% and 24.9% bleeding to chronic anemia. The rate of pre-transfusion hemoglobin averaged 5.7g/dl and 58.5% of women had a lower rate 6g/dl. Among the 450 women, 84.4% were transfused. The unmet need was 15.6%. The unavailability of blood was the main reason for unmet need (74.6%). Transfusion incidents or accidents were reported in 8.1%. The prognosis was better if breast coverage need for transfusion (p =0.00056), however, remained subject to a mortality of 4%. Blood transfusion, often essential to preserve the life of the mother and child must be more accessible while respecting the established protocols in order to limit the risks.Objectif : Ce travail a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ© dans l’objectif d’analyser les besoins couverts et non couverts en matière de transfusion sanguine au cours de la pĂ©riode gravio-puerpĂ©rale. Patientes et mĂ©thodes : Cette Ă©tude rĂ©trospective portait sur la pĂ©riode du 1 janvier 2007 au 31 dĂ©cembre 2009. Elle prenait en compte les dossiers des patientes admises pour une cause obstĂ©tricale directe ou indirecte et ayant bĂ©nĂ©ficiĂ© d’une indication de transfusion. RĂ©sultats : 450 patientes ont eu une indication de transfusion au cours de la pĂ©riode gravido-puerpĂ©rale. Les principales indications de transfusion Ă©taient posĂ©es dans 75,1% devant l’hĂ©morragie et dans 24,9% devant une anĂ©mie chronique. Le taux d’hĂ©moglobine prĂ©-transfusionnel Ă©tait en moyenne de 5,7g /dl et 58,5% des femmes avaient un taux infĂ©rieur Ă 6g/dl. Parmi les 450 femmes, 84,4% ont Ă©tĂ© transfusĂ©es. Le besoin non couvert Ă©tait de 15,6%. L’indisponibilitĂ© du sang Ă©tait la principale raison du besoin non couvert (74,6%). Les  incidents ou accidents transfusionnels ont Ă©tĂ© relevĂ©s dans 8,1%. Le pronostic maternel Ă©tait meilleur en cas de couverture du besoin transfusionnel (p=0,00056) cependant il restait grevĂ© d’une mortalitĂ© de 4%. Discussion et conclusion : La transfusion sanguine, souvent indispensable pour prĂ©server la vie de la mère et de son enfant se doit d’être plus accessible tout en respectant les protocoles Ă©tablis afin d’en limiter les risques.Objetivo: Este estudio se realizĂł con el objetivo de analizar las necesidades de sangre cubiertas y no cubiertas durante el perĂodo gestacional y puerperal (inmediatamente posterior al parto). Pacientes y mĂ©todos: Este estudio retrospectivo cubriĂł el perĂodo transcurrido entre el 1 de enero de 2007 y el 31 de diciembre de 2009. Se utilizaron los historiales de pacientes admitidas directa o indirectamente por causas de obstetricia y a las que se les indicĂł una transfusiĂłn. Resultados: Se indicĂł una transfusiĂłn a 450 pacientes durante el perĂodo gestacional y puerperal. Las causas principales para indicar una transfusiĂłn fueron las hemorragias en un 75,1 % de los casos y la anemia crĂłnica en un 24,9 % de los casos. Los niveles medios de hemoglobina antes de las transfusiones eran de 5,7 g/dl, y el 58,5 % de las mujeres tenĂan niveles inferiores a 6 g/dl. De las 450 pacientes, 84,4 % de ellas recibieron una transfusiĂłn. La tasa no atendida fue del 15,6 %, y la principal causa fue la no disponibilidad de sangre (74,6 %). En el 8,1 % de las transfusiones se produjo algĂşn incidente o accidente. El pronĂłstico materno fue mejor cuando se cubriĂł la necesidad transfusional (p = 0,00056) sin embargo, se vio gravado con una mortalidad del 4 %. Debate y conclusiĂłn: Las transfusiones de sangre, a menudo esenciales para preservar la vida de madre e hijo, deben ser más accesibles aunque respetando siempre los protocolos establecidos para limitar sus riesgos
Mortality from external causes in Africa and Asia: evidence from INDEPTH health and demographic surveillance system sites
This paper is part of the Special Issue: INDEPTH Network Cause-Specific MortalityMortality from external causes, of all kinds, is an important component of overall mortality on a global basis. However, these deaths, like others in Africa and Asia, are often not counted or documented on an individual basis. Overviews of the state of external cause mortality in Africa and Asia are therefore based on uncertain information. The INDEPTH Network maintains longitudinal surveillance, including cause of death, at population sites across Africa and Asia, which offers important opportunities to document external cause mortality at the population level across a range of settings.To describe patterns of mortality from external causes at INDEPTH Network sites across Africa and Asia, according to the WHO 2012 verbal autopsy (VA) cause categories.All deaths at INDEPTH sites are routinely registered and followed up with VA interviews. For this study, VA archives were transformed into the WHO 2012 VA standard format and processed using the InterVA-4 model to assign cause of death. Routine surveillance data also provide person-time denominators for mortality rates.A total of 5,884 deaths due to external causes were documented over 11,828,253 person-years. Approximately one-quarter of those deaths were to children younger than 15 years. Causes of death were dominated by childhood drowning in Bangladesh, and by transport-related deaths and intentional injuries elsewhere. Detailed mortality rates are presented by cause of death, age group, and sex.The patterns of external cause mortality found here generally corresponded with expectations and other sources of information, but they fill some important gaps in population-based mortality data. They provide an important source of information to inform potentially preventive intervention designs.P. Kim Streatfield ... Yohannes A. Melaku ... et. al
Adult non-communicable disease mortality in Africa and Asia: evidence from INDEPTH Health and Demographic Surveillance System sites
Background: Mortality from non-communicable diseases (NCDs) is a major global issue, as other categories of mortality have diminished and life expectancy has increased. The World Health Organization's Member States have called for a 25% reduction in premature NCD mortality by 2025, which can only be achieved by substantial reductions in risk factors and improvements in the management of chronic conditions. A high burden of NCD mortality among much older people, who have survived other hazards, is inevitable. The INDEPTH Network collects detailed individual data within defined Health and Demographic Surveillance sites. By registering deaths and carrying out verbal autopsies to determine cause of death across many such sites, using standardised methods, the Network seeks to generate population-based mortality statistics that are not otherwise available. Objective: To describe patterns of adult NCD mortality from INDEPTH Network sites across Africa and Asia, according to the WHO 2012 verbal autopsy (VA) cause categories, with separate consideration of premature (15–64 years) and older (65+ years) NCD mortality. Design: All adult deaths at INDEPTH sites are routinely registered and followed up with VA interviews. For this study, VA archives were transformed into the WHO 2012 VA standard format and processed using the InterVA-4 model to assign cause of death. Routine surveillance data also provide person-time denominators for mortality rates.
Results: A total of 80,726 adult (over 15 years) deaths were documented over 7,423,497 person-years of observation. NCDs were attributed as the cause for 35.6% of these deaths. Slightly less than half of adult NCD deaths occurred in the 15–64 age group. Detailed results are presented by age and sex for leading causes of NCD mortality. Per-site rates of NCD mortality were significantly correlated with rates of HIV/AIDS-related mortality. Conclusions: These findings present important evidence on the distribution of NCD mortality across a wide range of African and Asian settings. This comes against a background of global concern about the burden of NCD mortality, especially among adults aged under 70, and provides an important baseline for future work.P. Kim Streatfield ... Yohannes A. Melaku ... et al
Mortality from external causes in Africa and Asia: evidence from INDEPTH Health and Demographic Surveillance System Sites.
BACKGROUND: Mortality from external causes, of all kinds, is an important component of overall mortality on a global basis. However, these deaths, like others in Africa and Asia, are often not counted or documented on an individual basis. Overviews of the state of external cause mortality in Africa and Asia are therefore based on uncertain information. The INDEPTH Network maintains longitudinal surveillance, including cause of death, at population sites across Africa and Asia, which offers important opportunities to document external cause mortality at the population level across a range of settings. OBJECTIVE: To describe patterns of mortality from external causes at INDEPTH Network sites across Africa and Asia, according to the WHO 2012 verbal autopsy (VA) cause categories. DESIGN: All deaths at INDEPTH sites are routinely registered and followed up with VA interviews. For this study, VA archives were transformed into the WHO 2012 VA standard format and processed using the InterVA-4 model to assign cause of death. Routine surveillance data also provide person-time denominators for mortality rates. RESULTS: A total of 5,884 deaths due to external causes were documented over 11,828,253 person-years. Approximately one-quarter of those deaths were to children younger than 15 years. Causes of death were dominated by childhood drowning in Bangladesh, and by transport-related deaths and intentional injuries elsewhere. Detailed mortality rates are presented by cause of death, age group, and sex. CONCLUSIONS: The patterns of external cause mortality found here generally corresponded with expectations and other sources of information, but they fill some important gaps in population-based mortality data. They provide an important source of information to inform potentially preventive intervention designs
Adult non-communicable disease mortality in Africa and Asia: evidence from INDEPTH Health and Demographic Surveillance System sites.
BACKGROUND: Mortality from non-communicable diseases (NCDs) is a major global issue, as other categories of mortality have diminished and life expectancy has increased. The World Health Organization's Member States have called for a 25% reduction in premature NCD mortality by 2025, which can only be achieved by substantial reductions in risk factors and improvements in the management of chronic conditions. A high burden of NCD mortality among much older people, who have survived other hazards, is inevitable. The INDEPTH Network collects detailed individual data within defined Health and Demographic Surveillance sites. By registering deaths and carrying out verbal autopsies to determine cause of death across many such sites, using standardised methods, the Network seeks to generate population-based mortality statistics that are not otherwise available. OBJECTIVE: To describe patterns of adult NCD mortality from INDEPTH Network sites across Africa and Asia, according to the WHO 2012 verbal autopsy (VA) cause categories, with separate consideration of premature (15-64 years) and older (65+ years) NCD mortality. DESIGN: All adult deaths at INDEPTH sites are routinely registered and followed up with VA interviews. For this study, VA archives were transformed into the WHO 2012 VA standard format and processed using the InterVA-4 model to assign cause of death. Routine surveillance data also provide person-time denominators for mortality rates. RESULTS: A total of 80,726 adult (over 15 years) deaths were documented over 7,423,497 person-years of observation. NCDs were attributed as the cause for 35.6% of these deaths. Slightly less than half of adult NCD deaths occurred in the 15-64 age group. Detailed results are presented by age and sex for leading causes of NCD mortality. Per-site rates of NCD mortality were significantly correlated with rates of HIV/AIDS-related mortality. CONCLUSIONS: These findings present important evidence on the distribution of NCD mortality across a wide range of African and Asian settings. This comes against a background of global concern about the burden of NCD mortality, especially among adults aged under 70, and provides an important baseline for future work
Cause-specific childhood mortality in Africa and Asia: evidence from INDEPTH health and demographic surveillance system sites
BACKGROUND: Childhood mortality, particularly in the first 5 years of life, is a major global concern and the target of Millennium Development Goal 4. Although the majority of childhood deaths occur in Africa and Asia, these are also the regions where such deaths are least likely to be registered. The INDEPTH Network works to alleviate this problem by collating detailed individual data from defined Health and Demographic Surveillance sites. By registering deaths and carrying out verbal autopsies to determine cause of death across many such sites, using standardised methods, the Network seeks to generate population-based mortality statistics that are not otherwise available. OBJECTIVE: To present a description of cause-specific mortality rates and fractions over the first 15 years of life as documented by INDEPTH Network sites in sub-Saharan Africa and south-east Asia. DESIGN: All childhood deaths at INDEPTH sites are routinely registered and followed up with verbal autopsy (VA) interviews. For this study, VA archives were transformed into the WHO 2012 VA standard format and processed using the InterVA-4 model to assign cause of death. Routine surveillance data also provided person-time denominators for mortality rates. Cause-specific mortality rates and cause-specific mortality fractions are presented according to WHO 2012 VA cause groups for neonatal, infant, 1-4 year and 5-14 year age groups. RESULTS: A total of 28,751 childhood deaths were documented during 4,387,824 person-years over 18 sites. Infant mortality ranged from 11 to 78 per 1,000 live births, with under-5 mortality from 15 to 152 per 1,000 live births. Sites in Vietnam and Kenya accounted for the lowest and highest mortality rates reported. CONCLUSIONS: Many children continue to die from relatively preventable causes, particularly in areas with high rates of malaria and HIV/AIDS. Neonatal mortality persists at relatively high, and perhaps sometimes under-documented, rates. External causes of death are a significant childhood problem in some settings.P. Kim Streatfield ... Yohannes A. Melaku ... et al
Analysis of blood transfusion requirements during the gravido-puerperal period in a hospital in Ouagadougou
This work was carried out with the aim to analyze the needs covered and not covered in blood during the gravid-postpartum period. This retrospective study covered the period from 1st January 2007 to December 31, 2009. It took into account the records of patients admitted to a direct or indirect obstetric causes, and has received an indication for transfusion. 450 patients had an indication for transfusion during the gravid-puerperal period. The main indications for transfusion were posed in front of 75.1% and 24.9% bleeding to chronic anemia. The rate of pre-transfusion hemoglobin averaged 5.7g/dl and 58.5% of women had a lower rate 6g/dl. Among the 450 women, 84.4% were transfused. The unmet need was 15.6%. The unavailability of blood was the main reason for unmet need (74.6%). Transfusion incidents or accidents were reported in 8.1%. The prognosis was better if breast coverage need for transfusion (p =0.00056), however, remained subject to a mortality of 4%. Blood transfusion, often essential to preserve the life of the mother and child must be more accessible while respecting the established protocols in order to limit the risks
Estimating mortality from census data: A record-linkage study of the Nouna Health and Demographic Surveillance System in Burkina Faso
BACKGROUND In low- and middle-income countries, mortality levels are commonly derived from retrospective reports on deceased relatives collected in sample surveys and censuses. These data sources are potentially affected by recall errors. OBJECTIVE Using high-quality data collected by the Nouna Health and Demographic Surveillance System (HDSS) in Burkina Faso, we evaluate the reliability of mortality estimates based on the 2006 national census. METHODS We extracted from the census database all records referring to the population under surveillance in the HDSS. Life tables were estimated from recent household deaths reported in the census and compared to those obtained from the prospective mortality data. To evaluate age errors and assess their impact on mortality, we linked census and HDSS records at the individual level for the surviving population and the deceased. Indirect estimates of mortality were also calculated based on the reported survival of children and parents. RESULTS Life expectancies at birth derived from recent household deaths pointed to a lower mortality than monitored in the HDSS, with a difference of 4 years for men and 8 years for women. Underreporting of deaths among the population aged 60 and above accounted for more than half of these differences. Age errors were small for the surviving population and larger for the deceased, but their effects on mortality estimates were modest. Indirect estimates of child mortality were consistent with the HDSS data, but orphanhood-based estimates were implausibly low. CONCLUSION Additional elicitation questions should be asked during the census interviews to improve the collection of data on recent household deaths. CONTRIBUTION Mortality rates derived from recent household deaths can seriously underestimate mortality. In Burkina Faso the downward bias in the 2006 census was larger among females and was mostly attributable to underreporting of deaths
Connaissances, attitudes et pratiques des prestataires de santé des hôpitaux publics de la ville de Ouagadougou relatives au cancer du sein au Burkina Faso
Cette étude a été menée en vue d’évaluer les connaissances, les attitudes et pratiques des prestataires de santé des services de gynécologie et d’obstétrique des hôpitaux de la ville de Ouagadougou sur le cancer du sein. Il s’agit d’une étude transversale à visée descriptive réalisée à l’aide d’un questionnaire administré et anonyme. Elle s’est déroulée du 02 décembre 2013 au 30 mai 2014. Nous avons interrogé 150 prestataires de soins. Le cancer du sein n’est pas bien connu par les prestataires. En effet seulement 22 % et 36,7 %, des prestataires interrogés avaient respectivement une bonne connaissance des facteurs de risque et des moyens de dépistage. Les signes évocateurs et les examens complémentaires nécessaires au diagnostic du cancer du sein étaient connus par 15,3 % des prestataires. La définition du cancer du sein et les moyens de traitement disponibles au Burkina Faso étaient les items les mieux connus par les prestataires (64,7 % et 61,3 %). En ce qui concerne l’attitude, les prestataires affirmaient que le cancer du sein une affection grave, dans 98% et curable dans 81 %. Tous les prestataires étaient favorables au dépistage systématique. Quant à la pratique des prestataires de santé, 88% et 10,66% ont affirmé pratiquer respectivement l’examen clinique des seins et la prise en charge du cancer du sein. Enfin, des insuffisances relatives aux connaissances, attitudes et pratiques des prestataires de santé des services de gynécologie et obstétrique existent. L’autoformation des prestataires eux-mêmes et les formations continues sur le cancer du sein pourraient combler ces insuffisances.Mots-clés : Connaissances, attitudes, pratique, cancer, sein, prestataires de santé