'If You Desire to Enjoy Life, Avoid Unpunctual People': Women, Timetabling and Domestic Advice, 1850–1910

In the second half of the nineteenth century domestic advice manuals applied the language of modern, public time management to the private sphere. This article uses domestic advice and cookery books, including Isabella Beeton's Book of Household Management, to argue that women in the home operated within multiple, overlapping temporalities that incorporated daily, annual, linear and cyclical scales. I examine how seasonal and annual timescales coexisted with the ticking clock of daily time as a framework within which women were instructed to organize their lives in order to conclude that the increasing concern of advice writers with matters of timekeeping and punctuality towards the end of the nineteenth century indicates not the triumph of 'clock time' but rather its failure to overturn other ways of thinking about and using time

Radiosensitivity profiles from a panel of ovarian cancer cell lines exhibiting genetic alterations in p53 and disparate DNA-dependent protein kinase activities

The variability of radiation responses in ovarian tumors and tumor-derived cell lines is poorly understood. Since both DNA repair capacity and p53 status can significantly alter radiation sensitivity, we evaluated these factors along with radiation sensitivity in a panel of sporadic human ovarian carcinoma cell lines. We observed a gradation of radiation sensitivity among these sixteen lines, with a five-fold difference in the LD50 between the most radiosensitive and the most radioresistant cells. The DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) is essential for the repair of radiation induced DNA double-strand breaks in human somatic cells. Therefore, we measured gene copy number, expression levels, protein abundance, genomic copy and kinase activity for DNA-PK in all of our cell lines. While there were detectable differences in DNA-PK between the cell lines, there was no clear correlation with any of these differences and radiation sensitivity. In contrast, p53 function as determined by two independent methods, correlated well with radiation sensitivity, indicating p53 mutant ovarian cancer cells are typically radioresistant relative to p53 wild-type lines. These data suggest that the activity of regulatory molecules such as p53 may be better indicators of radiation sensitivity than DNA repair enzymes such as DNAPK in ovarian cancer

Example of Summary Table for Evaluation of Percent Agreement.

<p>In the table:</p><p><i>a</i> = number of specimens tested positive by both Method 1 and Method 2.</p><p><i>b</i> = number of specimens tested positive by Method 1 and negative by Method 2.</p><p><i>c</i> = number of specimens tested negative by Method 1 and positive Method 2.</p><p><i>d</i> = number of specimens tested negative by both Method 1 and Method 2.</p><p>The following statistics will be calculated:</p><p>•Overall Percent agreement between Methods = .</p><p>•Positive Percent Agreement between Methods = .</p><p>•Negative Percent Agreement between Methods = .</p><p>95% confidence intervals for the above percent agreements will be calculated using methods described in CLSI EP12-A, User Protocol for Evaluation of Qualitative Test Performance; Approved Guideline, 2002.</p

Methods correlation between RT-PCR test and Sanger at Site 1 and after 454 sequencing of discrepant specimens.

<p>CI = confidence interval; MD = mutation detected; MND = mutation not detected.</p>*<p>One sample subsequently confirmed as V600E by 454; Two samples subsequently confirmed as V600K;</p>†<p>Subsequently confirmed as non-V600E/wild-type by 454.</p

Methods correlation between RT-PCR test and FA test sequencing at Site 2 and after 454 sequencing of discrepant specimens.

<p>CI = confidence interval; MD = mutation detected; MND = mutation not detected.</p>*<p>Seven samples were reported as wild type by FA test and ‘mutation detected’ by RT-PCR test of which four were subsequently found to be V600E by 454, and three to be V600K. One sample was reported as V600G by FA test and ‘mutation detected’ by the RT-PCR test and was subsequently found to be V600K by 454.</p>†<p>Twelve samples subsequently reported as wild type, three as V600E2, and one as V600R by 454.</p

Study design and specimen selection.

<p>FFPET = formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue. * Low tumor content (<50%); high levels of necrosis (≥50%); significant pigmentation (<10%); or non-V600E mutations.</p

Distribution of pathological characteristics.

<p>NA = Not applicable.</p>a<p>Low = <10%; high = ≥10%.</p>b<p>Low = <50%; high = ≥50%.</p

Invalid test rates.

*<p>Retesting was permitted according to the manufacturer’s or procedure’s instructions as follows: RT-PCR test: <50% tumour content, insufficient DNA concentration, or invalid initial test result; Sanger: no PCR amplification or difficult sequence interpretation; FA test: fluorescence signal too strong, background noise, extra peaks that did not match any peaks from controls, or small mutation peaks that were difficult to identify as mutation signals.</p>†<p>The same sample was invalid when tested at the two sites.</p