488 research outputs found
Aharonov-Bohm oscillations in a mesoscopic ring with a quantum dot
We present an analysis of the Aharonov-Bohm oscillations for a mesoscopic
ring with a quantum dot inserted in one of its arms. It is shown that
microreversibility demands that the phase of the Aharonov-Bohm oscillations
changes {\it abruptly} when a resonant level crosses the Fermi energy. We use
the Friedel sum rule to discuss the conservation of the parity of the
oscillations at different conductance peaks. Our predictions are illustrated
with the help of a simple one channel model that permits the variation of the
potential landscape along the ring.Comment: 11 pages, Revtex style, 3 figures under request. Submitted to Phys.
Rev. B (rapid communications
Numerical study of the shape and integral parameters of a dendrite
We present a numerical study of sidebranching of a solidifying dendrite by
means of a phase--field model. Special attention is paid to the regions far
from the tip of the dendrite, where linear theories are no longer valid. Two
regions have been distinguished outside the linear region: a first one in which
sidebranching is in a competition process and a second one further down where
branches behave as independent of each other. The shape of the dendrite and
integral parameters characterizing the whole dendrite (contour length and area
of the dendrite) have been computed and related to the characteristic tip
radius for both surface tension and kinetic dominated dendrites. Conclusions
about the different behaviors observed and comparison with available
experiments and theoretical predictions are presented.Comment: 10 pages, 7 figures, Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev.
Statistical Mechanics of Nonuniform Magnetization Reversal
The magnetization reversal rate via thermal creation of soliton pairs in
quasi-1D ferromagnetic systems is calculated. Such a model describes e.g. the
time dependent coercivity of elongated particles as used in magnetic recording
media. The energy barrier that has to be overcome by thermal fluctuations
corresponds to a soliton-antisoliton pair whose size depends on the external
field. In contrast to other models of first order phase transitions such as the
phi^4 model, an analytical expression for this energy barrier is found for all
values of the external field. The magnetization reversal rate is calculated
using a functional Fokker-Planck description of the stochastic magnetization
dynamics. Analytical results are obtained in the limits of small fields and
fields close to the anisotropy field. In the former case the hard-axis
anisotropy becomes effectively strong and the magnetization reversal rate is
shown to reduce to the nucleation rate of soliton-antisoliton pairs in the
overdamped double sine-Gordon model. The present theory therefore includes the
nucleation rate of soliton-antisoliton pairs in the double sine-Gordon chain as
a special case. These results demonstrate that for elongated particles, the
experimentally observed coercivity is significantly lower than the value
predicted by the standard theories of N\'eel and Brown.Comment: 21 pages RevTex 3.0 (twocolumn), 6 figures available on request, to
appear in Phys Rev B, Dec (1994
Phase separation and pattern formation
Wetensch. publicatieFaculteit der Wiskunde en Natuurwetenschappe
Nucleation Rate of Hadron Bubbles in Baryon-Free Quark-Gluon Plasma
We evaluate the factor appearing in Langer's expression for the
nucleation rate extended to the case of hadron bubbles forming in zero baryon
number cooled quark-gluon plasma. We consider both the absence and presence of
viscosity and show that viscous effects introduce only small changes in the
value of Comment: 9 pages, revtex, no figures Full postscript version available at via
the WWW at http://nucth.physics.wisc.edu/preprints/ or by via from
ftp://nucth.physics.wisc.edu/pub/preprints/mad-nt-95-06.p
Nucleation versus Spinodal decomposition in a first order quark hadron phase transition
We investigate the scenario of homogeneous nucleation for a first order
quark-hadron phase transition in a rapidly expanding background of quark gluon
plasma. Using an improved preexponential factor for homogeneous nucleation
rate, we solve a set of coupled equations to study the hadronization and the
hydrodynamical evolution of the matter. It is found that significant
supercooling is possible before hadronization begins. This study also suggests
that spinodal decomposition competes with nucleation and may provide an
alternative mechanism for phase conversion particularly if the transition is
strong enough and the medium is nonviscous. For weak enough transition, the
phase conversion may still proceed via homogeneous nucleation.Comment: LaTeX, 10 pages with 7 Postscript figures, more discussions and
referencese added, typos correcte
Bose-Einstein condensation and superfluidity of dilute Bose gas in a random potential
We develop the dilute Bose gas model with random potential in order to
understand the Bose system in random media such as 4He in porous glass. Using
the random potential taking account of the pore size dependence, we can compare
quantitatively the calculated specific heat with the experimental results,
without free parameters. The agreement is excellent at low temperatures, which
justifies our model. The relation between Bose condensation and superfluidity
is discussed. Our model can predict some unobserved phenomena in this system.Comment: 9 pages, 11 figures, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev.
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