Proliferative kidney disease and proliferative darkening syndrome are linked with brown trout (<em>Salmo trutta fario</em>) mortalities in the pre-alpine Isar River.

For many years, brown trout (Salmo trutta fario) mortalities within the pre-alpine Isar River in Germany were reported by the Bavarian Fisheries Association (Landesfischereiverband Bayern e.V.) and local recreational anglers during August and September. Moribund fish seemed to be affected by proliferative darkening syndrome (PDS). In addition, proliferative kidney disease (PKD) caused by Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae was discussed. To investigate this phenomenon, the present field study monitored brown trout mortalities by daily river inspection in 2017 and 2018. Moribund brown trout (n = 31) were collected and examined using histology, immunohistochemistry, qPCR, and quantitative stereology. Our investigations identified 29 (93.5%) brown trout affected by PKD. Four brown trout (12.9%) displayed combined hepatic and splenic lesions fitting the pathology of PDS. The piscine orthoreovirus 3, suspected as causative agent of PDS, was not detectable in any of the samples. Quantitative stereological analysis of the kidneys revealed a significant increase of the renal tissue volumes with interstitial inflammation and hematopoietic hyperplasia in PKD-affected fish as compared to healthy brown trout. The identified T. bryosalmonae strain was classified as part of the North American clade by phylogenetical analysis. This study highlights PKD and PDS as contributing factors to recurrent autumnal brown trout mortalities

Bovine Besnoitiosis - An emerging disease

TesisLima EsteEscuela Académico Profesional de PosgradoGestión de Política Publicas y del TerritorioLa investigación titulada “Gestión de la ejecución presupuestal y la calidad de gasto en el SENAMHI, Lima 2018” se planteó como objetivo general Determinar el nivel de relación entre la Gestión de la ejecución presupuestal y la calidad de gasto en el SENAMHI, Lima 2018. La investigación se desarrolló bajo el enfoque cuantitativo, de tipo básica con un nivel descriptivo y correlacional, con el diseño no experimental de forma transversal, la muestra seleccionada fue de 29 colaboradores del Servicio Nacional de Meteorología e Hidrología del Perú, el criterio de selección fue censal porque se trabajó con el 100% de los colaboradores de las áreas que tienen conocimiento sobre la investigación en la institución. Así mismo los instrumentos de medición fueron sometidos a validez y fiabilidad. Para procesar los datos se aplicó el estadístico Rho de Spearman, con ello se determinó el coeficiente de confiabilidad de ambas variables dando como resultado 0.867, lo que indico que el instrumento en ambas variables tiene una fuerte confiabilidad y se puede aplicar al estudio. Así mismo la investigación tuvo como resultado de que no exista una correlación positiva y significativa entre las variables

Sarcocystis sinensis is the most prevalent thick-walled Sarcocystis species in beef on sale for consumers in Germany

Bovines are intermediate hosts of Sarcocystis cruzi, Sarcocystis hirsuta, and Sarcocystis hominis, which use canids, felids, or primates as definitive hosts, respectively. Cattle represent also intermediate hosts of Sarcocystis sinensis, but the definitive hosts of this parasite are not yet known. Sarcocystosis in cattle is frequently asymptomatic. The infection is characterized by the presence of thin-walled (S. cruzi) or thick-walled muscle cysts or sarcocysts (S. hominis, S. sinensis, and S. hirsuta). Recent reports suggest high prevalence of the zoonotic S. hominis in beef in Europe. We therefore aimed at differentiating Sarcocystis spp. in beef offered to consumers in Germany using molecular and microscopical methods, focusing on those species producing thick-walled sarcocysts. A total of 257 beef samples were obtained from different butcheries and supermarkets in Germany and processed by conventional and multiplex real-time PCR. In addition, 130 of these samples were processed by light microscopy and in 24.6 % thick-walled cysts were detected. Transmission electron microscopical analysis of six of these samples revealed an ultrastructural cyst wall pattern compatible with S. sinensis in five samples and with S. hominis in one sample. PCR-amplified 18S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) fragments of 28 individual thick-walled cysts were sequenced, and sequence identities of ≥98 % with S. sinensis (n = 22), S. hominis (n = 5) and S. hirsuta (n = 1) were observed. Moreover, nine Sarcocystis sp. 18S rDNA full length gene sequences were obtained, five of S. sinensis, three of S. hominis, and one of S. hirsuta. Out of all samples (n = 257), 174 (67.7 %) tested positive by conventional PCR and 179 (69.6 %) by multiplex real-time PCR for Sarcocystis spp. Regarding individual species, 134 (52 %), 95 (37 %), 17 (6.6 %), and 16 (6.2 %) were positive for S. cruzi, S. sinensis, S. hirsuta, and S. hominis, respectively. In conclusion, S. sinensis is the most prevalent thick-walled Sarcocystis species in beef offered for consumption in Germany. Further studies are needed to identify the final host of S. sinensis as well as the potential role of this protozoan as a differential diagnosis to the zoonotic species S. hominis.Fil: Moré, Gastón Andrés. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de la Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Departamento de Epizootiología y Salud Pública. Laboratorio de Inmunoparasitología; ArgentinaFil: Pantchev, A. Chemisches und Veterinäruntersuchungsamt Stuttgart. Stuttgart; Alemania. Veterinärwesen. Stuttgart; AlemaniaFil: Skuballa, J. Chemisches und Veterinäruntersuchungsamt Karlsruhe. Karlsruhe; AlemaniaFil: Langenmayer, M.C.. University Munich. Munich; AlemaniaFil: Maksimov, P. Insel Riems; AlemaniaFil: Conraths, F.J.. Insel Riems; AlemaniaFil: Venturini, María Cecilia. Universidad Nacional de la Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Departamento de Epizootiología y Salud Pública. Laboratorio de Inmunoparasitología; ArgentinaFil: Schares, G.. Insel Riems; Alemani

Comparative evaluation of immunofluorescent antibody and new immunoblot tests for the specific detection of antibodies against Besnoitia besnoiti tachyzoites and bradyzoites in bovine sera

Besnoitia besnoiti, an economically important disease in cattle in many countries of Africa and Asia is re-emerging in Europe. Serological identification of infected cattle is important because introduction of these animals into naive herds seems to play a major role in the transmission of the parasite. We report new, simplified immunoblot-based serological tests for the detection of B. besnoiti specific antibodies. Antigens were used under non-reducing conditions in the immunoblots, because reduction of the antigen with β-mercaptoethanol diminished the antigenicity in both, tachyzoites and bradyzoites. Ten B. besnoiti tachyzoite and ten bradyzoite antigens of 15-45 kDa molecular weight were recognized by B. besnoiti infected cattle, but not or only weakly detected by cattle infected with related protozoan parasites, Neospora caninum, Toxoplasma gondii, Sarcocystis cruzi, Sarcocystis hominis, or Sarcocystis hirsuta. The sensitivity and specificity of B. besnoiti immunoblots were determined with sera from 62 German cattle with clinically confirmed besnoitiosis and 404 sera from unexposed German cattle including 214 sera from animals with a N. caninum-specific antibody response. Using a new scoring system, the highest specificity (100%) and sensitivity (90%) of the immunoblots were observed when reactivity to at least four of the ten selected tachyzoite or bradyzoite antigens was considered as positive. When a cut-off based on this scoring system was applied to both the tachyzoite- and the bradyzoite-based immunoblots, there was an almost perfect agreement with the indirect fluorescent antibody test with a titre of 200 as the positive cut-off. We identified and partially characterized 10 tachyzoite and 10 bradyzoite B. besnoiti antigens which may help to develop new specific and sensitive serological tests based on individual antigens and in the identification of possible vaccine candidate