Navigating the Greek Revolution before Navarino. Imperial Interventions in Aegean Waters, 1821–1827

Virtually every publication on the Greek Revolution signals the Battle of Navarino (20 October 1827) as a turning point in international involvement with events in Greece. What the historiography tends to ignore, however, is the significant degree of military intervention that preceded 1827, particularly at sea. Yet, the Greek Revolution was six years underway and had already taken to the sea by the time of Navarino. Several naval actors at Navarino had been involved in the maritime handling of the revolution since its very beginning, including the Royal Navy captain Gawen Hamilton, the French Vice-Admiral Henri de Rigny and the Algerine commander Mustapha Bachalî Raïs. What had they been doing before then in the seas around Greece? By looking at the first phases of the Greek Revolution, from 1821 to 1827, this article clarifies how different imperial powers tried to manage the uncertainties and threats that the rebellion brought to the waters of the Mediterranean. It draws from source material on the navies of Great Britain, France, Austria and the Ottoman Empire. The piece provides three insights that highlight the significance and contingencies of imperial involvement in the first phase of the revolution. These insights relate to: (a) belligerency at sea; (b) the security threats of piracy and privateering; and (3) naval interventionism

Viologeenit sensorimateriaaleissa

Pro gradu -työn taustalla oli selvittää sähkökemiallisella polymeroinnilla tuotetun viologeenikalvon anioniselektiivisyyttä. Polymerointi toteutettiin sekä staattisella kennosysteemillä että suihkuvirtauskennolla (engl. wall-jet) käyttäen 1,3,5-tris-(N-metyyli-4-syanopyridinium)-2,4,6-trimetyylitribromidi-, trans-1,2-bis-(karbamoyyli-para-metyylisyano-pyridinium)-sykloheksaanidibromidi- ja 1,3-bis-[4-(para-metyylisyanopyridinium)-fenyyli-tioureido]-ksyleenidibromidilähtöaineita. Platina- ja kultasubstraateille muodostettuja viologeenikalvoja tutkittiin voltammetrisesti (CV), kronoamperometrisesti (CA), konduktometrisesta (GA) sekä kvartsikidemikrovaakaa (QCMB) apuna käyttäen. Tulosten perusteella polymeerirakenteet omasivat anionikaviteetteja mutta affiniteetit eri anionien väillä eivät korreloineet täydellisesti sähkökemiallisessa generoinnissa käytettyjen muotti-ionien kanssa. Selektiivisyyteen todennäköisesti vaikuttivat myös liuosfaasissa olleiden ionisten molekyylien ja solvatoituneiden anionien poolisuus ja hydraattiverhon koko. Lisäksi polymeroitujen viologeenien anionivakansseista suurin osa todettiin inaktiivisiksi. Kirjallisuuskatsauksen perusteella substituoidut γ,γ’-bipyridyylit ovat materiaaleina lupaavia ja yleisen sensoriteknologian mielenkiinnon kohteena mm. aurinkokennoissa, biosensoreissa ja elektronin delokalisaatioon perustuvissa värinäytöissä (ECD). Ongelmina löydetyissä sovellutuksissa ovat olleet bipyridyylien vuotaminen liuokseen, katalyyttisesti verraten hitaat elektroninsiirtoreaktiot ja yhdisteiden myrkyllisyys. Vastaavasti etuja ovat olleet polymeerien intensiiviset värit, väriskaalan muokattavuus, sähkökemiallisesti tuotetun radikaalikationin stabiilius vesiliuoksessa, katalyyttinen aktiivisuus ja helppo synteesireitti syanopyridiinilähtöaineista.Siirretty Doriast

Home-based exercise and support programme for people with dementia and their caregivers: study protocol of a randomised controlled trial

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Dementia affects the mood of people with dementia but also of their caregivers. In the coming years, the number of people with dementia will increase worldwide and most of them will continue to live in the community as long as possible. Home-based psychosocial interventions reducing the depressive symptoms of both people with dementia and their caregivers in their own home are highly needed.</p> <p>Methods/Design</p> <p>This manuscript describes the design of a Randomised Controlled Trial (RCT) of the effects of a home-based exercise and support programme for people with dementia and their caregivers. The aim is to randomly assign 156 dyads (caregiver and dementia diagnosed person) to an intervention group or a comparison group. The experimental group receives a home programme in which exercise and support for the people with dementia and their caregivers are combined and integrated. The comparison group receives a minimal intervention. Primary outcomes are physical health (people with dementia) and mood (people with dementia and caregivers). In addition, to get more insight in the working components of the intervention and the impact of the intervention on the relationship of the dyads a qualitative sub-study is carried out.</p> <p>Discussion</p> <p>This study aims to contribute to an evidence-based treatment to reduce depressive symptoms among people with dementia and their caregivers independently living in the community.</p> <p>Trial Registration</p> <p>The study has been registered at the Netherlands National Trial Register (NTR), which is connected to the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform of the WHO. Trial number: <a href="http://www.trialregister.nl/trialreg/admin/rctview.asp?TC=2040">NTR1802</a>.</p

The effects of rhetorical patterns or schemata on reading comprehension in expository text of Persian

AbstractThis study attempts to explore the schemata or rhetorical patterns on reading comprehension of 300 state run university students of psychology and educational fields. The subjects involved were selected through stratified random sampling. This group includes two ways factorial design through random assignment. The variables of this article were investigated in three groups (100 subjects in each group). Each group was asked to recall the text and finish a multiple-choice test. The central instrument included three versions of passage with identical content but different schemata: descriptive (listing) pattern, explaining pattern and analysis pattern. Analysis of recall test indicated that subjects displayed better recall of the text with highly structured schema than the one with loosely controlled schema. The outcomes suggested that rhetorical patterns have a significant effect on written communication

Challenges as enablers for high quality linked data: Insights from the semantic publishing challenge

While most challenges organized so far in the Semantic Web domain are focused on comparing tools with respect to different criteria such as their features and competencies, or exploiting semantically enriched data, the Semantic Web Evaluation Challenges series, co-located with the ESWC Semantic Web Conference, aims to compare them based on their output, namely the produced dataset. The Semantic Publishing Challenge is one of these challenges. Its goal is to involve participants in extracting data from heterogeneous sources on scholarly publications, and producing Linked Data that can be exploited by the community itself. This paper reviews lessons learned from both (i) the overall organization of the Semantic Publishing Challenge, regarding the definition of the tasks, building the input dataset and forming the evaluation, and (ii) the results produced by the participants, regarding the proposed approaches, the used tools, the preferred vocabularies and the results produced in the three editions of 2014, 2015 and 2016. We compared these lessons to other Semantic Web Evaluation Challenges. In this paper, we (i) distill best practices for organizing such challenges that could be applied to similar events, and (ii) report observations on Linked Data publishing derived from the submitted solutions. We conclude that higher quality may be achieved when Linked Data is produced as a result of a challenge, because the competition becomes an incentive, while solutions become better with respect to Linked Data publishing best practices when they are evaluated against the rules of the challenge

Comparison of structure and transport properties of concentrated hard and soft sphere fluids

Using Newtonian and Brownian dynamics simulations, the structural and transport properties of hard and soft spheres have been studied. The soft spheres were modeled using inverse power potentials ($V\sim r^{-n}$, with $1/n$ the potential softness). Although the pressure, diffusion coefficient and viscosity depend at constant density on the particle softness up to extremely high values of $n$, we show that scaling the density with the freezing point for every system effectively collapses these parameters for $n\geq 18$ (including hard spheres), for large densities. At the freezing points, the long range structure of all systems is identical, when the distance is measured in units of the interparticle distance, but differences appear at short distances (due to the different shape of the interaction potential). This translates into differences at short times in the velocity and stress autocorrelation functions, although they concur to give the same value of the corresponding transport coefficient (for the same density to freezing ratio); the microscopic dynamics also affects the short time behaviour of the correlation functions and absolute values of the transport coefficients, but the same scaling with the freezing density works for Newtonian or Brownian dynamics. For hard spheres, the short time behaviour of the stress autocorrelation function has been studied in detail, confirming quantitatively the theoretical forms derived for it.Comment: 8 pages, 10 figure