Cooperating Teachers\u27 Perceived Preparedness to Support Science Teacher Candidates for Culturally Sustaining Science Teaching

In the United States, many communities face challenges that require science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) solutions. Those communities most affected by these challenges often lack opportunities in school to use their funds of knowledge as they develop STEM literacies that would equip them to address these challenges. With new national science standards and increasingly diverse student demographics in classrooms across the United States, teacher educators must utilize strategies that prepare science teacher candidates, who are predominantly White, with pedagogies that can support diverse learners in expanding their STEM literacies from their funds of knowledge. The problem of practice guiding this research was that within the shifting landscape of STEM education, too few science teachers are prepared to implement the new standards in ways that are culturally sustaining for their traditionally underserved learners. The purpose of this convergent mixed methods study was to describe cooperating teachers\u27 perceived preparedness to support science teacher candidates to use culturally sustaining pedagogies to inform practices and policies that influence STEM teacher preparation. To address the problem of practice quantitative and qualitative data were collected using a survey instrument and then analyzed through the lens of a conceptual framework developed called culturally sustaining science teaching. The findings suggest cooperating teachers feel prepared for the components of the culturally sustaining science teaching framework (curriculum, instruction, and relationships). No statistically significant differences were shown between the components but nuanced differences were apparent when quantitative mean score ranks and qualitative data were converged

Vitamines liposolubles et matière grasse laitière. Données récentes sur l'absorption, le métabolisme et la régulation de l'expression génique par ces vitamines

National audienceDairy fat contains the four liposoluble vitamins (A, E, D and K) and therefore foods containing dairy fat represent a significant part of the daily intake for these vitamins. The objective of this review is to describe recent advances concerning the absorption and metabolism of these vitamins, as well as their effects on gene expression, which could partly explain their biological propertiesLa matière grasse laitière (MGL) contient les quatre vitamines liposolubles (A, D, E et K) et les aliments contenant cette MGL représentent une part non négligeable de l’apport quotidien de ces vitamines. L’objet de cette revue est de décrire les avancées récentes concernant l’absorption et le métabolisme de ces vitamines, ainsi que leurs effets sur l’expression génique, lesquels peuvent expliquer en grande partie leurs propriétés biologique

Vitamines liposolubles et matière grasse laitière. Données récentes sur l'absorption, le métabolisme et la régulation de l'expression génique par ces vitamines

National audienceDairy fat contains the four liposoluble vitamins (A, E, D and K) and therefore foods containing dairy fat represent a significant part of the daily intake for these vitamins. The objective of this review is to describe recent advances concerning the absorption and metabolism of these vitamins, as well as their effects on gene expression, which could partly explain their biological propertiesLa matière grasse laitière (MGL) contient les quatre vitamines liposolubles (A, D, E et K) et les aliments contenant cette MGL représentent une part non négligeable de l’apport quotidien de ces vitamines. L’objet de cette revue est de décrire les avancées récentes concernant l’absorption et le métabolisme de ces vitamines, ainsi que leurs effets sur l’expression génique, lesquels peuvent expliquer en grande partie leurs propriétés biologique

MicroRNAs in Obesity and Related Metabolic Disorders

International audienceMetabolic disorders are characterized by the inability to properly use and/or store energy. The burdens of metabolic disease, such as obesity or diabetes, are believed to arise through a complex interplay between genetics and epigenetics predisposition, environment and nutrition. Therefore, understanding the molecular mechanisms for the onset of metabolic disease will provide new insights for prevention and treatment. There is growing concern about the dysregulation of micro-RNAs (miRNAs) in metabolic diseases. MiRNAs are short non-coding RNA molecules that post-transcriptionally repress the expression of genes by binding to untranslated regions and coding sequences of the target mRNAs. This review aims to provide recent data about the potential involvement of miRNAs in metabolic diseases, particularly obesity and type 2 diabetes

Obesity and Vitamin D Metabolism Modifications

International audienc

Genetic factors involved in the bioavailability of tomato carotenoids.

Purpose of review To provide an update on the genetic factors recently associated with the interindividual variability of tomato carotenoid bioavailability. Recent findings Several clinical studies have demonstrated that the main carotenoids found in tomatoes (lycopene, phytoene, phytofluene, β-carotene, lutein) all display relatively large interindividual variabilities of their bioavailability, with coefficients of variations more than 70%. The bioavailability of the parent molecules, and the blood/tissue appearance of their metabolites, is modulated by numerous proteins, involved in intestinal absorption and metabolism, blood lipoprotein transport or tissue uptake. Several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been associated with the interindividual variability of lycopene, lutein and β-carotene bioavailability, with six genes consistently shared between the three carotenoids, and in particular one SNP in ELOVL fatty acid elongase 2. The effects of the genetic variants taken separately are relatively low, that is each variant is usually associated with only a few percentage of the variability but multivariate analyses suggest that the additive effect of several genetic variants can explain a significant fraction of tomato carotenoid bioavailability.Summary Additional studies are needed to improve our knowledge of the genetic determinants of tomato carotenoid bioavailability but progress in this field could one day allow nutritionists to provide more personalized dietary recommendations

Genetic polymorphisms associated with blood concentration of lycopene

Genetic polymorphisms associated with blood concentration of lycopen

Vitamin D, adipose tissue, and obesity

Epidemiological studies have shown a link between vitamin D deficiency and numerous pathologies such as cancers, immunity diseases, cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and obesity. Recent studies in vitro and in animal models demonstrated an impact of vitamin D on adipose tissue and adipocyte biology. Such observations are of particular interest and provide mechanistic explanations on the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and obesity

Anti-Obesity Effect of Carotenoids: Direct Impact on Adipose Tissue and Adipose Tissue-Driven Indirect Effects

International audienceThis review summarizes current knowledge on the biological relevance of carotenoids and some of their metabolites in obesity management. The relationship between carotenoids and obesity is considered in clinical studies and in preclinical studies. Adipose tissue is a key organ in obesity etiology and the main storage site for carotenoids. We thus first describe carotenoid metabolism in adipocyte and adipose tissue and the effects of carotenoids on biological processes in adipose tissue that may be linked to obesity management in in vitro and preclinical studies. It is also now well established that the brain is strongly involved in obesity processes. A section is accordingly devoted to the potential effect of carotenoids on obesity via their direct and/or adipose tissue-driven indirect biological effects on the brain

Polyphénols et syndrome métabolique

National audiencePolyphenols, provided by a diet rich in plant-derived products,represent a wide variety of diverse structures. Their beneficial effects have been for a long time attributed to their antioxidant properties that counteract oxidative damages associated with a range of age-related human pathologies. Even though polyphenols can act as antioxidants in the digestive tract, their direct antioxidant action in the plasma is less probable because they were shown to be poorly absorbed and extensively metabolised. On the other hand, numerous studies suggest that polyphenols are able to regulate a diversity of molecular and cellular processes by interacting with protein targets, conferring anti-atherogenic,anti-inflammatory, anti-thrombotic, anti-carcinogenic and neuroprotective properties. Polyphenols are able to reduce factors involved in the metabolic syndrome (hyperglycaemia, insulinresistance, high lipid levels, abdominal obesity, hypertension).In spite of their beneficial effects, it is too early to establish dietary recommendations on polyphenol intake. The most prudent public health advice remains to optimize dietary patterns with an increase of plant-derived food products from diverse botanical sources, and to avoid polyphenol supplements that could have adverse effects when taken at high dosesLes polyphénols sont apportés par une alimentation d’origine végétaleet présentent une grande diversité structurale. L’effet protecteur des polyphénols a été attribué à leurs propriétés antioxydantes, susceptibles de prévenir des dommages oxydatifs moléculaires et cellulaires induisant diverses pathologies (cancers, diabète de type 2, maladies cardiovasculaires et neurodégénératives). Si leurpouvoir antioxydant peut s’exercer au niveau du tube digestif, oùils sont largement majoritaires lors de la digestion, leurs effets antioxydants directs au niveau plasmatique sont peu probables in vivo en raison de leur faible absorption intestinale et de leur métabolisation intense par l’organisme conduisant à leur élimination plus facile. En revanche, de nombreux travaux suggèrent que les polyphénols ont la capacité de réguler une diversité de processus cellulaires et moléculaires par interaction avec des cibles protéiques, leur conférant des propriétés anti-athérogéniques, anti-inflammatoires,anti-thrombotiques, anti-carcinogéniques et neuroprotectrices. Les polyphénols sont aussi capables de diminuer d’autres facteurs de risque des maladies cardiovasculaires impliqués dans le syndrome métabolique (hyperglycémie, taux de lipides élevé, insulinorésistance,obésité abdominale et hypertension artérielle). Malgré tous ces effets potentiellement bénéfiques, il est impossible de conclure sur des recommandations de consommation en polyphénols. Si une consommation d’aliments de diverses origines végétales ne peut être qu’encouragée, il est déconseillé de prendre des suppléments nutritionnels riches en polyphénols pour leurs possibles effets délétères à haute dos