Die Pfarrei Buch am Erlbach

Die Pfarrei Buch am Erlbach – Streiflichter auf ihre Geschichte zwischen 1803 und 199

Die Ad-limina-Berichte des Passauer Bischofs Heinrich von Hofstätter (1839-1875)

Zwischen 1844 und 1873 erstattete der Passauer Bischof Heinrich von Hofstätter (1839-1875) dem jeweiligen Papst insgesamt neun Mal detailliert Bericht über den Zustand seines Bistums ebenso wie über sein oberhirtliches Wirken. Weil diese im Archivio Segreto Vaticano verwahrten Relationen, die sog. Ad-limina-Berichte, sich in vielerlei Hinsicht als informativ erweisen, sollen sie der wissenschaftlichen Forschung im vollen Wortlaut zur Verfügung gestellt werden

Acrylamide: Increased concentrations in homemade food and first evidence of its variable absorption from food, variable metabolism and placental and breast milk transfer in humans

We have developed a liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) assay to determine acrylamide in various body fluids. The assay also allows the reliable quantitation of acrylamide in food. In a total of 11 healthy male and female subjects, we were able to show that acrylamide from food given to humans is in fact absorbed from the gut. The half-lives determined in two male subjects were 2.2 and 7 h. Acrylamide was found in human breast milk and penetrated the human placenta (n = 3). The variability of acrylamide concentrations found in this investigation is most likely caused by variable intersubject bioavailability and metabolism. This may be an important indication that the assessment of the risk from acrylamide for the individual may be very difficult without knowing the concentrations of acrylamide in the body. This should be considered in the design of any risk assessment study or post hoc analysis of earlier studies. At this time, we suggest that pregnant women and breast-feeding mothers avoid acrylamide-containing food. Copyright (C) 2002 S. Karger AG, Basel

Die Stifte und Klöster der Stadt Landshut

„Leider blieb die Diplomarbeit von Anton Landersdorfer (1979) ungedruckt“, konstatierte Dr. Franz Niehoff, der Leiter der Museen der Stadt Landshut, im Vorwort des 2011 erschienenen Buches „Gott zur Ehre – der Stadt zum Wohl. Die Klöster der Stadt Landshut von der Gründung bis zur Säkularisation“, verfasst von Markus Mitschke. Auch wenn damit eine umfangreiche, den neuesten Stand der wissenschaftlichen Forschung widerspiegelnde Studie zur wechselvollen Geschichte der insgesamt acht Landshuter Ordensniederlassungen – vier weibliche und vier männliche – vorliegt, sei, die Anregung von Dr. Niehoff aufgreifend, oben genannte Diplomarbeit auf diesem Wege nachträglich publiziert, zumal sie nicht nur anders strukturiert ist, sondern neben den Klöstern auch das Kollegiatstift St. Martin und Kastulus in den Blick nimmt

PK/PD models in antibacterial development

There is an urgent need for novel antibiotics to treat life-threatening infections caused by bacterial 'superbugs'. Validated in vitro pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) and animal infection models have been employed to identify the most predictive PK/PD indices and serve as key tools in the antibiotic development process. The results obtained can be utilized for optimizing study designs in order to minimize the cost and duration of clinical trials. This review outlines the key in vitro PK/PD and animal infection models which have been extensively used in antibiotic discovery and development. These models have shown great potential in accelerating drug development programs and will continue to make significant contributions to antibiotic development

Is Ciprofloxacin a Substrate of P-glycoprotein?

INTRODUCTION: Studies using MDCKII and LLC-PK1 cells transfected with MDR1 cDNA indicate that ciprofloxacin is not a substrate of P-glycoprotein. However, our data has shown that transport studies done using different P-gp overexpressing cell lines (MDCKI-MDR1, MDCKII-MDR1 and L-MDR1), could lead to contradictory conclusion on whether a compound is a substrate of P-gp. The aim of our study was to determine if ciprofloxacin is indeed not a P-glycoprotein substrate using MDCKI cells transfected with human MDR1 cDNA. METHODS: Semi-quantitative RT-PCR was used to determine the mRNA level of MDR1 while Western blot was performed to determine the protein expression level of P-gp, MRP1 and MRP2 in various cells. Ciprofloxacin bidirectional transport studies were performed in MDCKI, MDCKI-MDR1, MDCKII, MDCKII-MDR1, MDCKII-MRP2, LLC-PK1, L-MRP1 and L-MDR1 cells. RESULTS: Ciprofloxacin showed net secretion in MDCKI-MDR1 but net absorption in MDCKI cells. Various P-gp inhibitors decreased the B to A and increased the A to B transport of ciprofloxacin in MDCKI-MDR1 cells while having no effect in MDCKI cells. The B to A transport of ciprofloxacin in MDCKI-MDR1 cells was not affected by non-P-gp inhibitors. In the presence of indomethacin, ciprofloxacin showed net secretion instead of net absorption in MDCKI cells while in the presence of probenecid and sulfinpyrazone, there was no net secretion and absorption. There was no difference in ciprofloxacin transport between MDCKII and MDCKII-MDR1, LLC-PK1 and L-MDR1, LLC-PK1 and L-MRP1 and MDCKII and MDCKII-MRP2. CONCLUSIONS: Transport data in MDCKI and MDCKI-MDR1 cells indicate that ciprofloxacin is a substrate of P-gp but data from MDCKII, MDCKII-MDR1, LLC-PK1 and L-MDR1 cells indicate that ciprofloxacin is not a substrate of P-gp. Vinblastine, a well-known P-gp substrate, also did not show differences between LLC-PK1 and L-MDR1 cells. Further studies need to be performed to characterize these P-gp overexpressing cell lines and the transport of ciprofloxacin