Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of the Secondary Symbiont of Tsetse Flies, Sodalis glossinidius, in Sleeping Sickness Foci in Cameroon

Human African trypanosomiasis remains a threat to the poorest people in Africa. The trypanosomes causing the disease are transmitted by tsetse flies. The drugs currently used are unsatisfactory: some are toxic and all are difficult to administer. Furthermore, drug resistance is increasing. Therefore, investigations for novel disease control strategies are urgently needed. Previous analyses showed the association between the presence of Glossina symbiont, Sodalis glossinidius, and the fly infection by trypanosomes in a south-western region in Cameroon: flies harbouring symbionts had a threefold higher probability of being infected by trypanosomes than flies devoid of symbionts. But the study also showed substantial differences in S. glossinidius and trypanosome infection rates between Glossina populations from two Cameroonian foci of sleeping sickness. We hypothesized that the geographical isolation of the two foci may have induced the independent evolution of each one, leading to the diversification of symbiont genotypes. Microsatellite markers were used and showed that genetic diversity structuring of S. glossinidius varies at different geographical scales with a low but significant differentiation between the Campo and Bipindi HAT foci. This encourages further work on interactions between S. glossinidius subpopulations and Glossina species that could favor tsetse fly infections by a given trypanosome species

COVID-19 in France: An Insight into the Recompositions of the Religious in a Secular-Majority Country

International audienceThis chapter aims to show the specific features of COVID-19 management in a secular country, where there is a strict separation between the state and religions. It also shows how the relationship established by the state and the society with each of the religions present in the country affects their reaction to restrictive measures. Two tendencies sum up how COVID-19 impacted religion and its position in French society. It confirms, first, the secularisation of French society and, second, how the collective practice of faith was deemed non-essential. Theoretically, this analysis engages with two discussions. The first deals with an axis of polarisation, namely the secularisation of society, confirmed by the COVID-19 crisis. The second analyses the recomposition of the religious, which the pandemic highlights. The chapter sheds light on this changing face of religion in a secular country, from a legal and sociological perspective

AAC- Régimes de croyance, régimes de vérité - prolongation jusqu'au 15/10

L'appel à communications pour le colloque international "Régimes de croyance, régimes de vérité" co-organisé par les docteur.esassocié.es du GSRL et l'UMR DRES est prolongé jusqu'au 15 octobre 2022. Les propositions de communication devront comporter un titre et un résumé de 1000 à 1500 signes. Elles devront être envoyées  à l’adresse : [email protected]. Argumentaire-ENTélécharger Argumentaire-regimes-croyance-regimes-veriteTélécharge

Annulation de la prochaine séance du séminaire, prévue le 20/10

La prochaine séance du séminaire sur le non-religieux, prévue le 20 octobre 2022 est malheureusement annulée, Stephen Bullivant ne pouvant pas être présent. Le prochain rendez-vous est donc fixé à novembre, pour la séance conclusive du séminaire. Au plaisir de vous y retrouver

L’objet « laïcité ». Questionnements transdisciplinaires d’une spécificité française ?

This paper focuses on the impact of the specific model of separation between religion and state adopted in France and on questions and analyses led by French researchers about the issue of laïcité. Numerous intersecting questions, themes and temporalities prove that this model influences their research and imply assumptions which weaken any potential objectivity. The study also examines attempts made by scientists to correct this analytical subjectivity. It finally postulates a recent convergence between French and European researchers’ approaches to secularization. This work is based on the analysis of studies of some fifty researchers in the social sciences and the humanities

Nouvelle collection dédiée au non-religieux aux Academic Press de Fribourg

La maison d'édition Academic Press Fribourg développe une nouvelle collection dédiée aux nouvelles spiritualités et au non-religieux. Les thèses, actes de colloque ou monographies peuvent être soumises, en science politique, sociologie, histoire ou anthropologie. Les travaux de jeunes chercheur.e.s sont particulièrement les bienvenus. Pour tout renseignement ou toute soumission de manuscrit, contacter Diletta Guidi : [email protected]

The League of Education : the transformations of an institution of popular education (1958-2018)

La Ligue de l’enseignement, mouvement laïque et républicain d’éducation populaire, est l’une des principales confédérations associatives de France. Par l’analyse de celle-ci, nous souhaitons mettre en lumière les mutations opérées par les organisations de masses et les structures porteuses de sens face à l’incertitude caractéristique de nos sociétés de la modernité avancée. Trois axes structurent ce travail. Le premier porte sur la transformation des stratégies institutionnelles de la Ligue de l’enseignement. Il présente les évolutions opérées par l’organisation pour répondre aux mutations du champ politique, intégrant un soutien oscillant au socialisme et la transformation de ses rapports à la puissance publique. Il porte également sur les ajustements de la politique éducative du mouvement, face à la dépolitisation de l’éducation populaire et à la sécularisation de la question scolaire. Le deuxième axe concerne la refondation des principes doctrinaux, conséquence de la difficulté de défendre un socle axiologique fondé sur la laïcité au sein d’une société sécularisée. Cette partie évoque l’ouverture doctrinale de l’organisation, sa réponse aux nouvelles revendications identitaires, l’instauration d’une laïcité dite « plurielle ». Le troisième axe développe enfin la reconfiguration des pratiques militantes, entre rationalisation organisationnelle, rénovation de la politique communicationnelle et expertise militante. Ce travail constitue ainsi une illustration de l’adaptabilité de la société civile organisée face aux nombreuses mutations induites de la modernité avancée, de même qu’une démonstration du rôle central que peut jouer l’associatif dans la restructuration de celle-ci.The League of Education, which is a secular and republican movement of popular education, is one of the leading association confederations of France. By analysing it, we want to highlight the changes made by mass organizations and meaningful structures faced with the typical uncertainty of our advanced modern societies. This research is made up of three main lines. The first one deals with the transformation of the institutional strategies of the League of Education. It presents the changes achieved by the organization to respond to changes in the political field, which integrates an oscillating support to socialism and the transformation of its relations with the public power. It also deals with the adjustments of the movement's educational policy, the depoliticization of popular education and the secularization of the school matter. The second main line concerns the re-foundation of doctrinal principles, as a result of the difficulty of defending an axiological foundation based on secularism within a secularized society. This part alludes to the doctrinal opening of the organization, its response to new identity claims, the establishment of the so-called "plural" secularism. Finally, the third main line develops the reconfiguration of militant practices, between organizational rationalization, the renovation of the communication policy and militant expertise. Therefore, this research is an illustration of the adaptability of the organized civil society before various changes caused by the advanced modernity, as well as a demonstration of the main role that associations can have in the reorganization of the civil society

Dissemblances et convergences des commissions d’enquête sur les abus sexuels dans l’Église

International audienceThis article provides a comparative analysis of the methodologies, findings, and recommendations of commissions of enquiry into sexual abuse in the Church. It highlights the heterogeneity of the methodologies, the various compositions and investigation periods of these commissions, as well as the impact of the socio-cultural environment on the work carried out. Reversely, our analysis shows that the results obtained mainly converge: abuse is massive, abusers are mostly men, the abused are, until the 1990s-2000s, mainly male victims; the abusive logic is above all situational. Finally, all studies highlight the inadequate institutional management of sexual violence.Cet article propose une analyse comparative des méthodologies, résultats et recommandations des commissions d’enquête sur les abus sexuels dans l’Église. Il souligne l’hétérogénéité des méthodologies adoptées, des compositions et des périodes d’investigation distinctes selon les commissions, l’impact de l’environnement socio-culturel sur les travaux menés. À l’inverse, notre analyse montre que les résultats obtenus convergent pour l’essentiel : les abus sont massifs, les abuseurs sont majoritairement des hommes, les abusés sont, jusqu’aux années 1990-2000, principalement des victimes masculines ; les logiques abusives sont avant tout situationnelles. Enfin, ces travaux soulignent unanimement une gestion institutionnelle des violences sexuelles largement défaillante