ペロブスカイト型太陽電池に応用する吸収材料の開発

九州工業大学博士学位論文（要旨）学位記番号：生工博甲第281号 学位授与年月日：平成29年3月24

Analysis of medicine consumption in peacekeeping level II hospitals

Background: The peacekeeping military units of contributing countries are unfamiliar with the conditions prevailing in foreign mission areas and therefore have difficulties with medical supplies storage.Aim: The aim of this study is to provide reasonable and practical guidance on the maintenance of medical supplies in the peacekeeping military units of contributing countries.Materials and methods: A total of 1,972 prescriptions were received by the pharmacy in the peacekeeping level II hospital in the Republic of Sudan from February to July of 2009 including a total of 186 drug categories and 17,713 minimum packing units. Pairwise comparison was performed using the c2 test. When thetotal number of samples was smaller than 40, the Fisher’s exact test was adopted for pairwise comparison.Results: The majority of the consumed medicines mainly belonged to 6 categories, including specialty drugs, anti-microbial drugs, Chinese patent medicines, gastrointestinal drugs, central nervous system drugs, and drugs regulating fluids, electrolytes, and acid-base balance. Altogether, the drugs in the 6 categories accounted for 74% of all consumed medicines that were divided into a total of 20 categories.Conclusions: Medicine consumption in peacekeeping level II hospitals is unique, therefore the drugs used in military medical facilities should be prepared according to their actual needs in the area of peacekeeping operations

Simultaneous Formation of CH₃NH₃PbI₃ and electron transport layers using antisolvent method for efficient perovskite solar cells

A new antisolvent method was developed to prepare CH₃NH₃PbI₃ and electron transport layers for making efficient hybrid perovskite solar cells. By directly using [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester in chlorobenzene solution as antisolvent, CH₃NH₃PbI₃ and electron transport layers were simultaneously formed in the films. This method not only simplifies the fabrication process of devices, but also produces uniform perovskite films and improves the interfacial structures between CH₃NH₃PbI₃ and electron transport layers. Large perovskite grains were observed in these films, with the average grain size of >1 μm. The so-formed CH₃NH₃PbI₃/electron transport layers demonstrated good optical and charge transport properties. And perovskite solar cells fabricated using these simultaneously-formed layers achieved a higher power conversion efficiency of 16.58% compared to conventional antisolvent method (14.92%). This method reduces nearly 80% usage of chlorobenzene during the fabrication, offering a more facile and environment-friendly approach to fabricate efficient perovskite solar cells than the conventional antisolvent method

Joining of CVD-SiC coated and uncoated fibre reinforced ceramic matrix composites with pre-sintered Ti3SiC2 MAX phase using Spark Plasma Sintering

CVD-SiC coated and uncoated ceramic matrix composites (Cf/SiC and SiCf/SiC) were joined to their counterparts with a pre-sintered Ti3SiC2 foil using Spark Plasma Sintering. For the first time pre-sintered Ti3SiC2 foil was used as a joining filler. The joining parameters were carefully selected to avoid the decomposition of Ti3SiC2 and the reaction between the joining filler and the CVD-SiC coating, which would have deteriorated the oxidation protective function of the coating. Conformal behaviour of the Ti3SiC2 foil during the diffusion joining and the infiltration of the joining filler into the surface cracks in the CVD -SiC coating allowed the filler to be more integrated with the matrix material. While diffusion bonding occurred during joining of the coated composites, a combination of both solid-state reaction and diffusion bonding was observed for the uncoated Cf/SiC composites. This produced the lower shear strength (19.1 MPa) when compared to the diffusion bonded CVD-SiC coated Cf/SiC (31.1 MPa

A Modified Sagittal Spine Postural Classification and Its Relationship to Deformities and Spinal Mobility in a Chinese Osteoporotic Population

BACKGROUND: Abnormal posture and spinal mobility have been demonstrated to cause functional impairment in the quality of life, especially in the postmenopausal osteoporotic population. Most of the literature studies focus on either thoracic kyphosis or lumbar lordosis, but not on the change of the entire spinal alignment. Very few articles reported the spinal alignment of Chinese people. The purpose of this study was threefold: to classify the spinal curvature based on the classification system defined by Satoh consisting of the entire spine alignment; to identify the change of trunk mobility; and to relate spinal curvature to balance disorder in a Chinese population. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: 450 osteoporotic volunteers were recruited for this study. Spinal range of motion and global curvature were evaluated noninvasively using the Spinal-Mouse® system and sagittal postural deformities were characterized. RESULTS: We found a new spine postural alignment consisting of an increased thoracic kyphosis and decreased lumbar lordosis which we classified as our modified round back. We did not find any of Satoh's type 5 classification in our population. Type 2 sagittal alignment was the most common spinal deformity (38.44%). In standing, thoracic kyphosis angles in types 2 (58.34°) and 3 (58.03°) were the largest and lumbar lordosis angles in types 4 (13.95°) and 5 (-8.61°) were the smallest. The range of flexion (ROF) and range of flexion-extension (ROFE) of types 2 and 3 were usually greater than types 4 and 5, with type 1 being the largest. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: The present study classified and compared for the first time the mobility, curvature and balance in a Chinese population based on the entire spine alignment and found types 4 and 5 to present the worst balance and mobility. This study included a new spine postural alignment classification that should be considered in future population studies

Microstructural and optical properties of HC(NH2)(2)PbI3 thin films prepared by single source thermal evaporation

International audienceThe HC(NH2)(2)PbI3 thin films as the perovskite solar cells absorption layer were prepared by single-source thermal evaporation. The stoichiometric ratio effects of HC(NH2)(2)I/PbI2 precursors on the properties of HC(NH2)(2)PbI3 thin films were investigated. The microstructure, surface morphology and optical properties of HC(NH2)(2)PbI3 thin films were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive spectroscope, scanning electron microscopy and spectrophotometer respectively. The results show that, with stoichiometric ratio of FAI/PbI2 3:1, the XRD results of formamidine lead iodine thin films prepared by single source thermal evaporation indicated the typical peaks of HC(NH2)(2)PbI3 thin films with few impurities. The dense and uniform films were formed with large crystal grains on the surface and high crystallization. The Pb/I element ratio was approximate to the ideal stoichiometric ratio of HC(NH2)(2)PbI3 thin films. The band gap of the HC(NH2)(2)PbI3 thin film calculated was 1.5 eV, which satisfied the optical properties requirement of absorbers for perovskite solar cell applications, making them potential applicable for large-area efficient perovskite solar cells

Highly Uniform Large-Area (100 cm2) Perovskite CH3NH3PbI3 Thin-Films Prepared by Single-Source Thermal Evaporation

In this work, we report the reproducible preparation method of highly uniform large-area perovskite CH3NH3PbI3 thin films by scalable single-source thermal evaporation with the area of 100 cm2. The microstructural and optical properties of large-area CH3NH3PbI3 thin films were investigated. The dense, uniform, smooth, high crystallinity of large-area perovskite thin film was obtained. The element ratio of Pb/I was close to the ideal stoichiometric ratio of CH3NH3PbI3 thin film. These films show a favorable bandgap of 1.58 eV, long and balanced carrier-diffusion lengths. The CH3NH3PbI3 thin film perovskite solar cell shows a stable efficiency of 7.73% with almost no hysteresis, indicating a single-source thermal evaporation that is suitable for a large area perovskite solar cell