Wine, alcohol, polyphenols and cardiovascular disease

Abstract. Excessive alcohol consumption is associated with increased morbidity and mortality as well as with labour and traffic accidents. However, current evidence suggests beneficial effects of moderate drinking on cardiovascular events including coronary heart disease, ischaemic stroke, peripheral arterial disease and congestive heart failure. The underlying mechanisms to explain these protective effects against coronary heart disease include an increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and an increase in insulin sensitivity, and a decrease in platelet aggregation and circulating concentrations of fibrinogen. However, there are discrepancies regarding the specific effects of different types of beverages on the cardiovascular system, and also whether the possible protective effects of alcoholic beverages are due to their alcohol component (ethanol) or non-alcoholic products containing, mainly polyphenols. Recent randomised clinical trials have shown that wine, a polyphenol-rich alcoholic beverage, provides higher antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects than some spirits such as gin, a polyphenol-free alcoholic beverage. In addition, dealcoholized red wine decreases blood pressure through a nitric oxide mediated mechanism, suggesting a protective effect of polyphenols on vascular function. Other studies performed in women have observed that daily doses of 1520 g of alcohol as red wine are sufficient to elicit protective effects similar to those observed in men who consumed higher doses of wine. In conclusion, moderate consumption of wine exerts a protective effect on biomarkers related to the progression and development of atherosclerosis due to its alcoholic (ethanol) and non-alcoholic (polyphenols) content. Women are more sensitive to the beneficial effects of wine

The Chemistry Behind the Folin-Ciocalteu Method for the Estimation of (Poly)phenol Content in Food: Total Phenolic Intake in a Mediterranean Dietary Pattern

The Folin-Ciocalteu assay is a reference method for the quantification of total (poly)phenols in food. This review explains the fundamental mechanism of the redox reaction on which the method is based and looks at some of the practical considerations concerning its application. To accurately estimate the antioxidant capacity of (poly)phenolic compounds, a thorough knowledge of their structural characteristics is essential, as the two are closely associated. Therefore, to help researchers interpret the results of the Folin-Ciocalteu method, this review also summarizes some of the main phenolic structural features. Finally, we have used the Folin-Ciocalteu method to estimate the total phenolic intake associated with high adherence to a Mediterranean diet, ranked as one of the healthiest dietary patterns, which is characterized by a high consumption of (poly)phenol-rich food such as wine, virgin olive oil, fruits, vegetables, whole grains, nuts, and legumes. © 2023 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society.</p

Dietary patterns and the risk of obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, asthma, and neurodegenerative diseases

Diet and lifestyle play a significant role in the development chronic diseases; however the full complexity of this relationship is not yet understood. Dietary pattern investigation, which reflects the complexity of dietary intake, has emerged as an alternative and complementary approach for examining the association between diet and chronic diseases. Literature on this association has largely focused on individual nutrients, with conflicting outcomes, but individuals consume a combination of foods from many groups that form dietary patterns. Our objective was to systematically review the current findings on the effects of dietary patterns on chronic diseases. In this review, we describe and discuss the relationships between dietary patterns, such as the Mediterranean, the Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension, Prudent, Seventh-day Adventists, and Western, with risk of obesity, type-2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, asthma, and neurodegenearive diseases. Evidence is increasing from both observational and clinical studies that plant-based dietary patterns, which are rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, are valuable in preventing various chronic diseases, whereas a diet high in red and processed meat, refined grains and added sugar seems to increase said risk. Dietary pattern analysis might be especially valuable to the development and evaluation of food-based dietary guidelines

Effects of Dietary Fiber Intake on Cardiovascular Risk Factors

A healthy dietary pattern is characterized by a high consumption of non-refined grains, legumes, nuts, fruits and vegetables; relatively high intake of total fat, mainly derived from olive oil; moderate to high intake of fish and poultry; dairy products (usually as yogurt or cheese) in small amounts; low consumption of red meat and meat products; and moderate alcohol intake, usually in the form of red wine with meals (Willett et al., 1995). Therefore, a high consumption of fiber-rich foods is one of the characteristic features of a healthy diet. Dietary fiber (DF) has received much attention in nutritional epidemiology. Observational studies have consistently shown that DF intake is associated with reduced cardiovascular risk, including ischemic heart disease (Rimm et al., 1996a; Todd et al., 1999; Liu et al., 2002; Mozaffarian et al., 2003a) and stroke (Ascherio et al., 1998; Oh et al., 2005; Salmeron et al., 1997)), and a lower risk of diabetes (Meyer et al., 2000; Liu, 2003b). Clinical trials have also suggested that DF supplementation has beneficial effects on risk factors, such as blood pressure, serum lipids, insulin sensitivity and diabetic metabolic control (Streppel et al., 2005b; Brown et al., 1999; Anderson et al., 2000; Chandalia et al., 2000a; Ludwig et al., 1999)

Relationship between Mediterranean Dietary Polyphenol Intake and Obesity

Abstract: Obesity is a multifactorial and complex disease defined by excess of adipose mass and constitutes a serious health problem. Adipose tissue acts as an endocrine organ secreting a wide range of inflammatory adipocytokines, which leads to systemic inflammation, insulin resistance, and metabolic disorders. The traditional Mediterranean diet is characterized by a high phenolic-rich foods intake, including extra-virgin olive oil, nuts, red wine, vegetables, fruits, legumes, and whole-grain cereals. Evidence for polyphenols' effect on obesity and weight control in humans is inconsistent and the health effects of polyphenols depend on the amount consumed and their bioavailability. The mechanisms involved in weight loss in which polyphenols may have a role are: activating β-oxidation; a prebiotic effect for gut microbiota; inducing satiety; stimulating energy expenditure by inducing thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue; modulating adipose tissue inhibiting adipocyte differentiation; promoting adipocyte apoptosis and increasing lipolysis. Even though the intake of some specific polyphenols has been associated with body weight changes, there is still no evidence for the effects of total polyphenols or some polyphenol subclasses in humans on adiposity. Keywords: dietary intake; catechins; resveratrol; olive oil; wine; BM

Effect of Peanut Consumption on Cardiovascular Risk Factors: A Randomized Clinical Trial and Meta-Analysis

Although numerous studies have reported the protective effect of nut consumption on cardiovascular risk, evidence for the role of peanuts in maintaining cardiometabolic health is inconclusive. Presented here are the results from the ARISTOTLE study, a parallel randomized controlled trial evaluating the impact of regular peanut intake on anthropometric, biochemical, and clinical measurements. The 63 healthy subjects that completed the study consumed their habitual diet plus either: a) 25 g/day of skin roasted peanuts (SRP, n = 21), b) two tablespoons (32 g)/day of peanut butter (PB, n = 23) or c) two tablespoons (32 g)/day of a control butter based on peanut oil (CB, n = 19) for 6 months. In addition, a meta-analysis of clinical trials, including data from the ARISTOTLE study, was carried out to update the evidence for the effects of consuming peanuts, including high-oleic peanuts, and peanut butter on healthy subjects and those at high cardiometabolic risk. After a systematic search on PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library and Scopus databases up to July 2021, 11 studies were found to meet the eligibility criteria. In the ARISTOTLE study, lower total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratios were found in the SRP group compared to the CB group (p = 0.019 and p = 0.008). The meta-analysis of clinical trials revealed that peanut consumption is associated with a decrease in triglycerides (MD: −0.13; 95% CI, −0.20 to −0.07; p < 0.0001) and that healthy consumers had lower total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratios compared to the control groups (MD: −0.40; 95% CI, −0.71 to −0.09; p = 0.01 and MD: −0.19; 95% CI, −0.36 to −0.01; p = 0.03, respectively). However, individuals at high cardiometabolic risk experienced an increase in body weight after the peanut interventions (MD: 0.97; 95% CI, 0.54 to 1.41; p < 0.0001), although not in body fat or body mass index. According to the dose-response analyses, body weight increased slightly with higher doses of peanuts. In conclusion, a regular consumption of peanuts seems to modulate lipid metabolism, reducing triglyceride blood levels. Systematic Review Registration: https://osf.io/jx34y/, identifier: 10.17605/OSF.IO/MK35Y

Benefits of polyphenol intake on the cardiovascular risk parameter

Podeu consultar el llibre complet a: http://hdl.handle.net/2445/103042Polyphenols are a large and heterogeneous group of compounds widely distributed in fruits, vegetables, cereals and their products such as coffee or wine. These bioactive compounds can ameliorate our health by improving certain risk factors, especially the cardiovascular ones. Thus, many investigations have focused on the effects of some polyphenols and polyphenol-rich foods on cardiovascular and other chronic diseases

Polyphenolic profile of persimmon leaves by high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS)

[EN] Persimmon leaves have played an important role in Chinese medicine. Persimmon extracts and formulations have been shown to possess a wide range of pharmacological activities, including antioxidant, hypolipidaemic and antidiabetic, and they have been used to treat cardiovascular disease, improve homeostasis, as antibacterial and anti-inflammatory agents, and as a beauty treatment. In this work, liquid chromatography coupled to hybrid linear ion trap quadrupole Orbitrap mass spectrometry was used to accurately identify persimmon leaf polyphenols. Forty-one phenolic compounds, including simple phenolic acids, hydroxybenzoic acids, hydroxycinnamic acids, flavanols, flavonols, flavanones, flavonechalcones, tyrosols and their conjugated derivatives, were identified and quantified using high mass accuracy data and confirmed by MS2 experiments. To the best of our knowledge, this is the most extensive study of persimmon leaf polyphenols performed so far, since 33 phenolic compounds are reported for the first time. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.This work was supported partly by CICYT (AGL2013-49083-C3-1-R) and the Instituto de Salud Carlos III, ISCIII (CIBEROBN) from the Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (MEC) and Generalitat de Catalunya (GC) 2014 SGR 773. Paola Quifer-Rada is grateful for the predoctoral fellowships awarded by the Generalitat de Catalunya (FI-DRG). Also, the authors acknowledge the support of the Universitat Politecnica de Valencia and certify that there is no conflict of interest with any financial organisation regarding the material discussed in the manuscript.Martínez-Las Heras, R.; Quifer, R.; Andrés Grau, AM.; Lamuela-Raventós, R. (2016). Polyphenolic profile of persimmon leaves by high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS). Journal of Functional Foods. 23:370-377. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2016.02.048S3703772

Bioactive Compounds of Mediterranean Cooked Tomato Sauce (Sofrito) Modulate Intestinal Epithelial Cancer Cell Growth Through Oxidative Stress/Arachidonic Acid Cascade Regulation

Mediterranean diet (MD) is associated with a low incidence of colorectal cancer, but the specific dietary constituents involved and mechanisms related to these beneficial effects are still sparse. Sofrito, a traditional MD preparation, is a mix of foods characteristics of MD such as tomato, onion, garlic, and extra virgin olive oil, which contains many bioactive phenolic compounds and carotenoids. The aim of the present study was to determine the action of these components of sofrito on reactive oxygen species and eicosanoid production as well as the cell growth/cell cycle in adenocarcinoma cell cultures. We observed that hydroxytyrosol, naringenin, naringenin glucuronide, and to a lesser extent lycopene and β-carotene modulate these events in Caco-2 cell cultures. Interestingly, we also found an additive action of these bioactive compounds that could explain these biological actions on concentrations reached after the consumption of a traditional MD

Resveratrol, a new biomarker of moderate wine intake?

In a recent study published in the British Journal of Nutrition, Spencer et al. (1) reviewed the strengths and the limitations of the biomarkers of dietary polyphenol intake, since nutritional biomarkers may be a better measure of dietary exposure than self-reported dietary data. These authors identified the criteria that must be considered in the development of such biomarkers as the following..