1,437 research outputs found
Cosmological Implications of the Tetron Model of Elementary Particles
Based on a possible solution to the tetron spin problem, a modification of
the standard Big Bang scenario is suggested, where the advent of a spacetime
manifold is connected to the appearance of tetronic bound states. The metric
tensor is constructed from tetron constituents and the reason for cosmic
inflation is elucidated. Furthermore, there are natural dark matter candidates
in the tetron model. The ratio of ordinary to dark matter in the universe is
calculated to be 1:5.Comment: 23 page
Role of impact parameter in branching reactions: Chemical accelerator studies of the reaction Xe++CH4âXeCH3 ++H
This is the publisher's version, also available electronically from http://scitation.aip.org/content/aip/journal/jcp/74/9/10.1063/1.441716.Integral reaction cross sections and product velocity distributions have been measured for the ionâmolecule reaction Xe+(CH4,H)XeCH3 + over the relative reactant translational energy range of 0.7â5.5 eV by chemical accelerator techniques. The kinematic results indicate that reaction proceeds in a direct manner by a rebound mechanism over the energy range studied, suggesting that this substitution reaction occurs predominantly in small impact parameter collisions. This finding contrasts with the results obtained for the competing reaction, Xe+(CH4,CH3)XeH+, where the strong forward scattering of the XeH+ product indicates that Hâatom abstraction occurs primarily in large impact parameter collisions
Connexin43 phosphorylation in brain, cardiac, endothelial and epithelial tissues
AbstractGap junctions, composed of proteins from the connexin family, allow for intercellular communication between cells in essentially all tissues. There are 21 connexin genes in the human genome and different tissues express different connexin genes. Most connexins are known to be phosphoproteins. Phosphorylation can regulate connexin assembly into gap junctions, gap junction turnover and channel gating. Given the importance of gap junctions in development, proliferation and carcinogenesis, regulation of gap junction phosphorylation in response to wounding, hypoxia and other tissue insults is proving to be critical for cellular response and return to homeostasis. Connexin43 (Cx43) is the most widely and highly expressed gap junction protein, both in cell culture models and in humans, thus more research has been done on it and more reagents to it are available. In particular, antibodies that can report Cx43 phosphorylation status have been created allowing temporal examination of specific phosphorylation events in vivo. This review is focused on the use of these antibodies in tissue in situ, predominantly looking at Cx43 phosphorylation in brain, heart, endothelium and epithelium with reference to other connexins where data is available. These data allow us to begin to correlate specific phosphorylation events with changes in cell and tissue function. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: The Communicating junctions, composition, structure and characteristics
Evolution of ground state and upper critical field in R(1-x)GdxNi2B2C (R = Lu, Y): Coexistence of superconductivity and spin-glass state
We report effects of local magnetic moment, Gd3+, doping (x =< 0.3) on
superconducting and magnetic properties of the closely related Lu(1-x)GdxNi2B2C
and Y(1-x)GdxNi2B2C series. The superconducting transition temperature
decreases and the heat capacity jump associated with it drops rapidly with
Gd-doping; qualitative changes with doping are also observed in the
temperature-dependent upper critical field behavior, and a region of
coexistence of superconductivity and spin-glass state is delineated on the x -
T phase diagram. The evolution of superconducting properties can be understood
within Abrikosov-Gor'kov theory of magnetic impurities in superconductors
taking into account the paramagnetic effect on upper critical field with
additional contributions particular for the family under study
Polarized semi-inclusive electroweak structure functions at next-to-leading-order
We present a next-to-leading order (NLO) computation of the full set of
polarized and unpolarized electroweak semi-inclusive DIS (SIDIS) structure
functions, whose knowledge is crucial for a precise extraction of polarized
parton distributions. We focus on the phenomenology of the polarized structure
functions for the kinematical conditions that could be reached in an
Electron-Ion-Collider.
We show that the NLO corrections are sizeable, particularly in the small-
range. We test the sensitivity of these structure functions on certain quark
distributions and compare it to the situation of inclusive DIS and
electromagnetic SIDIS.Comment: 17 pages, 5 figure
Genomic catastrophes frequently arise in esophageal adenocarcinoma and drive tumorigenesis
Oesophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) incidence is rapidly increasing in Western countries. A better understanding of EAC underpins efforts to improve early detection and treatment outcomes. While large EAC exome sequencing efforts to date have found recurrent loss-offunction mutations, oncogenic driving events have been underrepresented. Here we use a combination of whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and single-nucleotide polymorphism-array profiling to show that genomic catastrophes are frequent in EAC, with almost a third (32%, nŒ40/123) undergoing chromothriptic events. WGS of 22 EAC cases show that catastrophes may lead to oncogene amplification through chromothripsis-derived double-minute chromosome formation (MYC and MDM2) or breakage-fusion-bridge (KRAS, MDM2 and RFC3). Telomere shortening is more prominent in EACs bearing localized complex rearrangements. Mutational signature analysis also confirms that extreme genomic instability in EAC can be driven by somatic BRCA2 mutations. These findings suggest that genomic catastrophes have a significant role in the malignant transformation of EAC
A Note on the QCD Corrections to Forward--Backward Asymmetries of Heavy--Quark Jets in Z Decays
The measurement of the forward-backward asymmetries of heavy quarks provides
one of the most precise determinations of in decays. We
discuss in detail the one--loop QCD radiative corrections to these asymmetries.
Results are given for single heavy--quark jet asymmetries and asymmetries of
the thrust axis, as well as for heavy--quark two--jet final states.}Comment: 11pp, latex, 1 uuencoded eps figur
Chirality and Symmetry Breaking in a discrete internal Space
In previous papers the permutation group S_4 has been suggested as an
ordering scheme for elementary particles, and the appearance of this finite
symmetry group was taken as indication for the existence of a discrete inner
symmetry space underlying elementary particle interactions. Here it is pointed
out that a more suitable choice than the tetrahedral group S_4 is the
pyritohedral group A_4 x Z_2 because its vibrational spectrum exhibits exactly
the mass multiplet structure of the 3 fermion generations. Furthermore it is
noted that the same structure can also be obtained from a primordial symmetry
breaking S_4 --> A_4. Since A_4 is a chiral group, while S_4 is achiral, an
argument can be given why the chirality of the inner pyritohedral symmetry
leads to parity violation of the weak interactions.Comment: 42 pages, 3 table
The GDH Sum Rule and Related Integrals
The spin structure of the nucleon resonance region is analyzed on the basis
of our phenomenological model MAID. Predictions are given for the
Gerasimov-Drell-Hearn sum rule as well as generalized integrals over spin
structure functions. The dependence of these integrals on momentum transfer is
studied and rigorous relationships between various definitions of generalized
Gerasimov-Drell-Hearn integrals and spin polarizabilities are derived. These
results are compared to the predictions of chiral perturbation theory and
phenomenological models.Comment: 15 pages LaTeX including 5 figure
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