14 research outputs found

    Frontiers of Myth and Myths of the Frontier in Caroline Gordon's "Tom Rivers" and "The Captive"

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    Comme sa consƓur Eudora Welty a pu le faire dans le recueil The Golden Apples, Caroline Gordon a puisĂ© dans les mythes grecs, tout comme dans le temps mythique de l’histoire du Sud, une abondante source d’inspiration. Cet article s’attache Ă  l’étude de deux nouvelles (« Tom Rivers » et « The Captive ») pour montrer que le mythe chez cette auteure fait question sur deux plans. Tout d’abord au niveau de la production, dĂšs lors qu’il s’agit de concilier rĂ©pĂ©tition et crĂ©ation ; un processus de destruction et de mĂ©tamorphose est Ă  l’Ɠuvre. De plus, le rapport de Gordon aux mythes du Sud, qu’ils soient familiaux ou historiques, dans leurs dimensions thĂ©matique et spirituelle, semble Ă©galement indiquer que leur rĂ©Ă©criture est non seulement aux sources d’une fiction de retour aux origines mais aussi une maniĂšre de s’émanciper des postulats des Agrariens par un dĂ©placement vers la FrontiĂšre et ses propres mythes

    Reuniting and Parting Ways: John Cheever’s and Richard Ford’s ‘Reunion’

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    Of mothers and death: from procreation to creation

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    Partie pédagogique « The Grotesque »

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    Les mÚres et la mort: réalités et représentations

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    Disposition of genistein in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baeri)

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    International audienceGenistein (G) is a xenoestrogen from soy present in fish diet. In vivo, a 50-fold difference in sensitivity to genistein on vitellogenin (VTG) synthesis was found when comparing trout and sturgeon. This difference was not linked to the estrogen receptor affinity nor to the sensitivity of induction of the VTG pathway. The study was performed to check if differences in the G disposition in the two species could explain their difference of sensitivity to G. A pharmacokinetic analysis of radiolabeled G was performed to determine its bioavailability and metabolism in both species. G was used at levels corresponding to fish farm exposure. G plasma levels after chronic ingestion were found to be 15.6 times higher in sturgeon than in trout. Sturgeon primarily produces sulfate conjugates after G ingestion whereas trout mainly produces glucuronides. Sturgeon was able to excrete orobol glucuronide in bile. An important first pass effect was suggested in both species. No accumulation of G or its metabolites was observed in the two species. Trout muscles accounted only for 0.14 of radioactivity 48 h post-ingestion similarly to sturgeon. Trout viscera accounted for 15% of the radioactivity 48 h post-ingestion. In sturgeon, 48 h post-ingestion, viscera accounted for 21.5% of the radioactivity. These rates decreased rapidly thereafter. The study partly explains the difference in sensitivity to G, previously recorded between the two species. In addition, it shows that human exposure to G through farmed fish consumption is negligibl

    Effets de la substitution du maïs par du sorgho sur la durabilité de la production de foie gras d'oie

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    The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of substitution of corn by sorghum during growing-finishing and overfeeding periods on the economic, social and environmental impacts of “foie gras” production. Attributional LCA was conducted to calculate 6 indicators : eutrophication (EP, kg PO4- eq.), climate change (CC, kg CO2 eq.), acidification potential (AP, kg SO2 eq.), cumulative energy demand (CED, MJ), water use (WU, m3) and land occupation (LO, m2 per year) of 1kg of diet containing sorghum or corn as source of cereal and 1kg of "foie gras”. The impact calculation was conducted using the Ecoinvent database, SimaPro_ 7.2 software and mass allocation approach. Economic performance was measured using six indicators: food prices used / animal, overfeeding efficiency, the ratio of liver weight / weight of the animals used during overfeeding, the ratio of liver weight / quantity of mash feeding, feed conversion ratio, business value of livers. Social performance was measured using six indicators: the percentage of foie gras classified Extra and First, the yield after cooking and intension reuptake of the product by the consumer, the mortality rate during rearing and overfeeding and state of plumage. The substitution of corn by sorghum lowers the environmental impact of the production of foie gras for 4 of the 6 environmental indicators (-18% to -64%). The economic and social consequences are more mixed, with improvement in 3 of the 6 indicators in each sustainability dimensions mainly due to higher liver weight and mortality during overfeeding. The overall results suggest that the use of sorghum in the diet of geese is interesting to improve the environmental sustainability of the production of foie gras. Some adjustments in the itinerary production are needed to optimize the use of this raw material constraints of the production of foie gras and improve all of its economic and social impacts.Le but de ce travail Ă©tait d'Ă©valuer les consĂ©quences de la substitution du maĂŻs par le sorgho sur les performances Ă©conomiques, sociales et environnementales des systĂšmes de production de foie gras d’oie. Une ACV a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©e pour Ă©valuer 6 indicateurs d’impacts environnementaux : le potentiel d'eutrophisation (kg PO4-Ă©q.), le changement climatique (kg CO2-Ă©q.), le potentiel d'acidification (kg SO2-Ă©q.), la demande d'Ă©nergie cumulĂ©e (MJ), l’utilisation de l'eau (L) et l'occupation des terres (m2 par an) de 1kg d’aliment contenant du sorgho ou du maĂŻs comme source de cĂ©rĂ©ale et de 1kg de foie gras. Le calcul des impacts a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ© en utilisant la base de donnĂ©es Ecoinvent, le logiciel SimaPro et la mĂ©thode d’allocation Ă©conomique. La performance Ă©conomique a Ă©tĂ© mesurĂ©e Ă  l’aide de 6 indicateurs : prix des aliments, efficacitĂ© du gavage, le ratio poids de foie/poids des animaux, le ratio poids de foie/quantitĂ© de pĂątĂ©e de gavage, l’indice de consommation, la valeur commerciale des foies. La performance sociale a Ă©tĂ© mesurĂ©e Ă  l’aide de 6 indicateurs: le pourcentage de foies gras classĂ©s en Extra et PremiĂšre, le rendement des foies gras aprĂšs cuisson et l’intension de reconsommation du produit par le consommateur, le taux de mortalitĂ© en Ă©levage et en gavage et l’état d’emplumement. La substitution du maĂŻs par du sorgho entraĂźne une baisse des impacts environnementaux de la production de foie gras pour 4 des 6 indicateurs environnementaux (-18% Ă  –64%). Les consĂ©quences Ă©conomiques et sociales sont plus mitigĂ©es avec une amĂ©lioration de 3 indicateurs sur 6 dans chacun des piliers en raison notamment d’un poids de foie et d’une mortalitĂ© en gavage plus Ă©levĂ©s. L’ensemble des rĂ©sultats suggĂšre que l'utilisation de sorgho dans l’alimentation des oies est intĂ©ressante pour amĂ©liorer la durabilitĂ© environnementale de la production de foie gras. Quelques ajustements dans l’itinĂ©raire de production sont nĂ©cessaires pour optimiser l’utilisation de cette matiĂšre premiĂšre aux contraintes de la production de foie gras et amĂ©liorer l’ensemble de ses impacts Ă©conomiques et sociaux

    The COVID-19 Pandemic and Responses in Nursing Homes: A Cross-Sectional Study in Four European Countries

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    International audienceBackground: Studies comparing how the European nursing homes (NHs) handled the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic remain scarce. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted during the first wave in a private NHs network in Belgium, France, Germany and Italy. Mortality rates were estimated, and prevention and control measures were described by country. Data from the Oxford governmental response tracker project were used to elaborate a “modified stringency index” measuring the magnitude of the COVID-19 global response. Results: Of the 580 NHs surveyed, 383 responded to the online questionnaire. The COVID-19 mortality rate was similar in France (3.9 deaths per 100 residents) and Belgium (4.5). It was almost four times higher in Italy (11.9) and particularly low in Germany (0.3). Prevention and control measures were diversely implemented: residents’ sectorization was mainly carried out in France and Italy (~90% versus ~30% in Germany and Belgium). The “modified stringency index” followed roughly the same pattern in each country. Conclusion: This study, conducted in a European network of NHs, showed differences in mortality rate which could be explained by the characteristics of the residents, the magnitude of the first wave and the prevention and control measures implemented. These results may inform future European preparedness plans
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