14 research outputs found
Frontiers of Myth and Myths of the Frontier in Caroline Gordon's "Tom Rivers" and "The Captive"
Comme sa consĆur Eudora Welty a pu le faire dans le recueil The Golden Apples, Caroline Gordon a puisĂ© dans les mythes grecs, tout comme dans le temps mythique de lâhistoire du Sud, une abondante source dâinspiration. Cet article sâattache Ă lâĂ©tude de deux nouvelles (« Tom Rivers » et « The Captive ») pour montrer que le mythe chez cette auteure fait question sur deux plans. Tout dâabord au niveau de la production, dĂšs lors quâil sâagit de concilier rĂ©pĂ©tition et crĂ©ation ; un processus de destruction et de mĂ©tamorphose est Ă lâĆuvre. De plus, le rapport de Gordon aux mythes du Sud, quâils soient familiaux ou historiques, dans leurs dimensions thĂ©matique et spirituelle, semble Ă©galement indiquer que leur rĂ©Ă©criture est non seulement aux sources dâune fiction de retour aux origines mais aussi une maniĂšre de sâĂ©manciper des postulats des Agrariens par un dĂ©placement vers la FrontiĂšre et ses propres mythes
Reuniting and Parting Ways: John Cheeverâs and Richard Fordâs âReunionâ
International audienc
Disposition of genistein in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baeri)
International audienceGenistein (G) is a xenoestrogen from soy present in fish diet. In vivo, a 50-fold difference in sensitivity to genistein on vitellogenin (VTG) synthesis was found when comparing trout and sturgeon. This difference was not linked to the estrogen receptor affinity nor to the sensitivity of induction of the VTG pathway. The study was performed to check if differences in the G disposition in the two species could explain their difference of sensitivity to G. A pharmacokinetic analysis of radiolabeled G was performed to determine its bioavailability and metabolism in both species. G was used at levels corresponding to fish farm exposure. G plasma levels after chronic ingestion were found to be 15.6 times higher in sturgeon than in trout. Sturgeon primarily produces sulfate conjugates after G ingestion whereas trout mainly produces glucuronides. Sturgeon was able to excrete orobol glucuronide in bile. An important first pass effect was suggested in both species. No accumulation of G or its metabolites was observed in the two species. Trout muscles accounted only for 0.14 of radioactivity 48 h post-ingestion similarly to sturgeon. Trout viscera accounted for 15% of the radioactivity 48 h post-ingestion. In sturgeon, 48 h post-ingestion, viscera accounted for 21.5% of the radioactivity. These rates decreased rapidly thereafter. The study partly explains the difference in sensitivity to G, previously recorded between the two species. In addition, it shows that human exposure to G through farmed fish consumption is negligibl
Effets de la substitution du maïs par du sorgho sur la durabilité de la production de foie gras d'oie
The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of substitution of corn by sorghum during growing-finishing and overfeeding periods on the economic, social and environmental impacts of âfoie grasâ production. Attributional LCA was conducted to calculate 6 indicators : eutrophication (EP, kg PO4- eq.), climate change (CC, kg CO2 eq.), acidification potential (AP, kg SO2 eq.), cumulative energy demand (CED, MJ), water use (WU, m3) and land occupation (LO, m2 per year) of 1kg of diet containing sorghum or corn as source of cereal and 1kg of "foie grasâ. The impact calculation was conducted using the Ecoinvent database, SimaPro_ 7.2 software and mass allocation approach. Economic performance was measured using six indicators: food prices used / animal, overfeeding efficiency, the ratio of liver weight / weight of the animals used during overfeeding, the ratio of liver weight / quantity of mash feeding, feed conversion ratio, business value of livers. Social performance was measured using six indicators: the percentage of foie gras classified Extra and First, the yield after cooking and intension reuptake of the product by the consumer, the mortality rate during rearing and overfeeding and state of plumage. The substitution of corn by sorghum lowers the environmental impact of the production of foie gras for 4 of the 6 environmental indicators (-18% to -64%). The economic and social consequences are more mixed, with improvement in 3 of the 6 indicators in each sustainability dimensions mainly due to higher liver weight and mortality during overfeeding. The overall results suggest that the use of sorghum in the diet of geese is interesting to improve the environmental sustainability of the production of foie gras. Some adjustments in the itinerary production are needed to optimize the use of this raw material constraints of the production of foie gras and improve all of its economic and social impacts.Le but de ce travail Ă©tait d'Ă©valuer les consĂ©quences de la substitution du maĂŻs par le sorgho sur les performances Ă©conomiques, sociales et environnementales des systĂšmes de production de foie gras dâoie. Une ACV a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©e pour Ă©valuer 6 indicateurs dâimpacts environnementaux : le potentiel d'eutrophisation (kg PO4-Ă©q.), le changement climatique (kg CO2-Ă©q.), le potentiel d'acidification (kg SO2-Ă©q.), la demande d'Ă©nergie cumulĂ©e (MJ), lâutilisation de l'eau (L) et l'occupation des terres (m2 par an) de 1kg dâaliment contenant du sorgho ou du maĂŻs comme source de cĂ©rĂ©ale et de 1kg de foie gras. Le calcul des impacts a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ© en utilisant la base de donnĂ©es Ecoinvent, le logiciel SimaPro et la mĂ©thode dâallocation Ă©conomique. La performance Ă©conomique a Ă©tĂ© mesurĂ©e Ă lâaide de 6 indicateurs : prix des aliments, efficacitĂ© du gavage, le ratio poids de foie/poids des animaux, le ratio poids de foie/quantitĂ© de pĂątĂ©e de gavage, lâindice de consommation, la valeur commerciale des foies. La performance sociale a Ă©tĂ© mesurĂ©e Ă lâaide de 6 indicateurs: le pourcentage de foies gras classĂ©s en Extra et PremiĂšre, le rendement des foies gras aprĂšs cuisson et lâintension de reconsommation du produit par le consommateur, le taux de mortalitĂ© en Ă©levage et en gavage et lâĂ©tat dâemplumement. La substitution du maĂŻs par du sorgho entraĂźne une baisse des impacts environnementaux de la production de foie gras pour 4 des 6 indicateurs environnementaux (-18% Ă â64%). Les consĂ©quences Ă©conomiques et sociales sont plus mitigĂ©es avec une amĂ©lioration de 3 indicateurs sur 6 dans chacun des piliers en raison notamment dâun poids de foie et dâune mortalitĂ© en gavage plus Ă©levĂ©s. Lâensemble des rĂ©sultats suggĂšre que l'utilisation de sorgho dans lâalimentation des oies est intĂ©ressante pour amĂ©liorer la durabilitĂ© environnementale de la production de foie gras. Quelques ajustements dans lâitinĂ©raire de production sont nĂ©cessaires pour optimiser lâutilisation de cette matiĂšre premiĂšre aux contraintes de la production de foie gras et amĂ©liorer lâensemble de ses impacts Ă©conomiques et sociaux
The COVID-19 Pandemic and Responses in Nursing Homes: A Cross-Sectional Study in Four European Countries
International audienceBackground: Studies comparing how the European nursing homes (NHs) handled the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic remain scarce. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted during the first wave in a private NHs network in Belgium, France, Germany and Italy. Mortality rates were estimated, and prevention and control measures were described by country. Data from the Oxford governmental response tracker project were used to elaborate a âmodified stringency indexâ measuring the magnitude of the COVID-19 global response. Results: Of the 580 NHs surveyed, 383 responded to the online questionnaire. The COVID-19 mortality rate was similar in France (3.9 deaths per 100 residents) and Belgium (4.5). It was almost four times higher in Italy (11.9) and particularly low in Germany (0.3). Prevention and control measures were diversely implemented: residentsâ sectorization was mainly carried out in France and Italy (~90% versus ~30% in Germany and Belgium). The âmodified stringency indexâ followed roughly the same pattern in each country. Conclusion: This study, conducted in a European network of NHs, showed differences in mortality rate which could be explained by the characteristics of the residents, the magnitude of the first wave and the prevention and control measures implemented. These results may inform future European preparedness plans