IMPLEMENTASI CHALLENGE RESPONSE AUTHENTICATION MECHANISM (CRAM) UNTUK KEAMANAN TRANSAKSI PERANGKAT IoT

This research aims to secure data transaction in Internet of Things (IoT)devices using the challenge-response authentication mechanism (CRAM). The research choose uses ESP 8266 and ESP 32 to develop the system for their ability to run micropython programming language. Using a random challenge to grant authentication protects the system from replay attack from intruders. In each authentication process, the client receives a 10 digit random number to be encrypted using a shared key and sent back to the server. The server then checks if the client posses the correct key by decrypting the encrypted challenge using the same shared key. Access is granted if the decryption result is equal to the original challenge

Assessing social sustainability for achieving sustainable architecture

Sustainability is an inherent urban and architectural problem. It is simultaneously characterized by many different dimensions, pursuing heterogeneous and often conflicting objectives. To help address these complexities in a structured way, this paper illustrates an integrated assessment framework to tackle social sustainability, in order to support the decision-making process towards sustainable architecture. This integrated decision support framework was applied to a case study concerning a new cultural centre at the Politecnico di Torino in Italy. The aim of this paper is to propose a decision support methodological framework for the analysis, graphical visualization and evaluation of social sustainability of architectural projects. It combines three methods first, Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats (SWOT) analysis, to get a guided understanding of the project and detect the best design strategies; second, the Stakeholder Analysis (SA), to develop a strategic view of the actors involved; third, the Social Return of the Investment (SROI) as a methodological tool for social impact assessment. This framework, presented through the discussion of some project solutions, helps us analyse the architectural material effect of social sustainability and answer the question: Are we investing properly and creating spaces sufficiently functional to build better conditions for our community and our city

How to revitalise a historic district: A stakeholders-oriented assessment framework of adaptive reuse

This research proposes an application of a MultiCriteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) in the adaptive reuse framework, which is able to structure the complex decision process required for the effective reuse of an historic district. Nowadays, many cities are facing an economic, financial, social and urban decline. This is particularly true when thinking about historic districts, which are usually characterized by high unique cultural values but, at the same time, show difficult characteristics in terms of comfort and security. Accordingly, the planning rules to be applied to the historic districts need to be re-written overcoming the traditional logics. The proposed adaptive reuse framework deals with the application of the Macbeth method. To properly test, develop and illustrate the framework we conducted an experimental validation through a case study: the urban regeneration of an historical district in Biella (Italy) starting from the adaptive reuse of an historic buildin

Penentuan Prioritas pada Jaringan Back-bone Palapa Ring Menggunakan Derajat Node dan Cut Vertex

Palapa Ring is a project aiming to connect provinces and cities in Indonesia via a high data speed telecommunication path. The purpose of this  research is to identify the priority scale of each node in Palapa Ring Backbone network by considering the degree of each node and the cut vertices of the network. The result shows that the existing infrastructure in Palapa Ring comprised 48 nodes and 117 links. The nodes with the highest degree in the network were PBR, PTK, BJM, JK, SB and UP, with each of the nodes was connected to four links. Cut vertices in the network consisted of 22 nodes. The nodes in the network are classified into 4 categories. Five nodes (PBR, PTK, BJM, SB and UP) fell into the 1st priority group, two nodes (JK,MDN) fell into the 2nd priority group, 16 nodes fell into the 3rd priority group and the rest fell into the non priority group

Implementasi Deteksi dan Pengenalan Wajah pada Sistem Ujian Online Menggunakan Metode Deep Learning Berbasis Raspberry Pi

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan sistem yang secara otomatis dapat mengenali peserta dalam tes berbasis online untuk efisiensi waktu dan biaya. Sistem ini terdiri dari Raspberry Pi untuk menjalankan algoritma pengenalan wajah, Kamera Pi untuk menangkap gambar peserta dan server lokal untuk menyimpan data peserta. Pada tahap awal penelitian, dibangun sebuah dataset yang berisi foto terbaru peserta dan id peserta. Dataset ini kemudian digunakan dalam proses pembelajaran menggunakan algoritma haarcascade yang merupakan bagian dari metode deep learning untuk menghasilkan sebuah model. Pada tahap pengenalan, gambar peserta dibandingkan dengan model. Peserta yang berhasil dikenali akan secara otomatis dialokasikan ke komputer yang tersedia. Pengujian menunjukkan bahwa sistem berhasil mengenali peserta tes dan yang bukan peserta tes

Architectural project appraisal: An active learning process [Valutazione del progetto architettonico: un processo di apprendimento attivo]

Reflecting on how economic evaluation is taught in architecture courses opens up a discussion between those who structure problems with design and those who structure problems with different approaches (specifically estimation approaches) and where this design and these methods can intersect and hybridise. The paper presents some reflections, and a methodological proposal, related to the way of teaching economic evaluation in architecture courses. The aim of this paper is to propose an integrated assessment operative framework applied according to the active learning strategy, aimed at supporting students in dealing with design decision-making processes in a structured way and providing them with a problem representation scheme. Specifically, with respect to the assessment of building transformation scenarios, the framework con-siders: i) the analysis of the real estate market, in order to estimate the most probable market value of the con-sidered spaces; ii) the analysis of demand through sur-veys and their reporting through descriptive statistics indicators, in order to investigate the context and the in-terests of future users, with a view to innovative and sat- isfactory solutions; iii) Storytelling (ST) and/or the Strategic Choice Approach (SCA) as support for the construc-tion of design solutions; iv) finally, the Discounted Cashflows Analysis (DCFA), to verify the economic feasibility of the chosen scenario . The proposed methodological framework can be de-fined as a hybrid of active and traditional learning: the techniques are applied by the students in an active way, collaborating in working groups in a co-operative way; however, in order to make the application possible, it is unavoidable to prepare frontal lessons that provide the necessary theoretical concepts. According to this scheme the student has the opportunity to learn and develop, on the one hand, the estimation skills necessary to assess and estimate the feasibility of a project, and on the other hand, s/he has the possibility to ac-quire specific skills to structure the design process in order to relate spatial, economic, environmental and technical issues. This integrated framework is illustrated through the application to a case study concerning the transformation of a building located in the city of Turin, Italy

DISAIN SISTEM PENGINDERAAN LEVEL INTENSITAS CURAH HUJAN BERBASIS MINICOMPUTER

Intensitas curah hujan mempunyai peran yang penting bagi pertanian di Indonesia, terutama pada daerah-daerah potensial lahan kering. Penelitian ini bertujuan membangun sebuah sistem yang dapat memonitor curah hujan dan melaporkannya secara otomatis ke sebuah komputer server yang daoat diakses oleh setiap pihak yang membutuhkan. Protoype sistem yang dibangun terdiri dari sensor ultrasonic dan minicomputer Raspberry Pi 3 mode B+ yang terhubung ke jaringan internet. Raspberry Pi mengakses sensor ultrasonic untuk membaca level ketinggian air pada wadah penampung curah hujan secara berkala, mengolahnya untuk mendapatkan data curah hujan dan menyimpan data tersebut dalam sebuah database. Sebuah server pusat bertugas untuk mengumpulkan data curah hujan dari setiap titik pengambilan sampel. Publik dapat mengakses data sensing dari tiap wilayah menggunakan teknologi website

How covid-19 influences the 2030 Agenda: Do the practices of achieving the sustainable development goal 11 need rethinking and adjustment?/ Come il Covid-19 influenza l’Agenda 2030: le pratiche di raggiungimento dello SDG11 devono essere ripensate e aggiornate?

Our cities represent the crucial nodes of intervention to improve living conditions and promote sustainability. Therefore, the current pandemic, combined with the climate emergency, translates into an urban emergency. In light of the devastating effects of Covid-19 and the rethinking of the concept of sustainability, the goal of developing inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable cities and human settlements pursued by the Sustainable Development Goal 11 may now require revision in terms of the indicators used for its monitoring. Indicators are crucial since they help to make sustainable development visible and transparent, enable comparison, build and harmonize databases and provide information relevant to decision-making processes and urban and territorial policies by facilitating communication across arenas. The aim of this paper is to provide a picture of the indicators currently used to monitor SDG11, to present a series of critical reviews of them in light of the Covid-19 emergency, and to suggest the introduction of some new indicators, thus opening a scientific debate on the topic

Biochemical characteristics and bacterial community structure of the sea surface microlayer in the South Pacific Ocean

The chemical and biological characteristics of the surface microlayer were determined during a transect across the South Pacific Ocean in October-December 2004. Concentrations of particulate organic carbon (1.3 to 7.6-fold) and nitrogen (1.4 to 7-fold), and POC:PON ratios were consistently higher in the surface microlayer as compared to surface waters (5 m). The large variability in particulate organic matter enrichment was negatively correlated to wind speed. No enhanced concentrations of dissolved organic carbon were detectable in the surface microlayer as compared to 5 m, but chromophoric dissolved organic matter was markedly enriched (by 2 to 4-fold) at all sites. Based on pigment analysis and cell counts, no consistent enrichment of any of the major components of the autotrophic and heterotrophic microbial community was detectable. CE-SSCP fingerprints and CARD FISH revealed that the bacterial communities present in the surface microlayer had close similarity (>76%) to those in surface waters. By contrast, bacterial heterotrophic production (<sup>3</sup>H-leucine incorporation) was consistently lower in the surface microlayer than in surface waters. By applying CARD-FISH and microautoradiography, we observed that <i>Bacteroidetes</i> and <i>Gammaproteobacteria</i> dominated leucine uptake in the surface microlayer, while in surface waters <i>Bacteroidetes</i> and <i>Alphaproteobacteria</i> were the major groups accounting for leucine incorporation. Our results demonstrate that the microbial community in the surface microlayer closely resembles that of the surface waters of the open ocean. Even a short residence in the surface microlayer influences leucine incorporation by different bacterial groups, probably as a response to the differences in the physical and chemical nature of the two layers