Greek Cypriot adolescent attitudes toward immigrants and ‘enemy-others’ in the context of ethnic conflict

This paper describes and analyses the results of a survey on Greek Cypriot students’ attitudes toward immigrants and toward those considered as the ‘enemy-others’ (in this context, the Turks and Turkish Cypriots). This investigation is important because issues of immigration seem to be further complicated by the ongoing ethnic conflict between Greek Cypriots and Turkish Cypriots in Cyprus. Although this study does not examine whether attitudes about immigration change as a result of ethnic conflict (or vice versa), it provides an initial mapping to numerically chart the terrain of Greek Cypriot students’ tendencies toward both immigrants and ‘enemy-others’. The results show that Greek Cypriot students manifest generally negative attitudes toward immigrants and Turks and Turkish Cypriots (although there is a differentiation in the perception of the latter group). It is also shown that Greek Cypriot students prefer the model of separation rather than that of assimilation or integration in their relations with immigrants. Significant differences are identified between the perceptions of: (i) boys and girls; and (ii) younger and older adolescents. The implications for intercultural education both at the policy level and at the level of classroom practice are discussed. It is also suggested that the intersection of (ethnic or other) conflict and immigration and how it is manifest in the context of education requires attention in future research.peer-reviewe

Gender differences in work-life balance of European neurosurgeons

Neurosurgery is one of the most demanding medical specialties. For neurosurgeons, balancing professional activity with personal life can be challenging. To evaluate gender differences in contribution of neurosurgeons in the household and child-rearing, as well as their impact on personal life and career. An anonymous, electronic, 59-item web-based survey was administered to National Neurosurgical Societies of Europe, and European Member Societies of the European Association of Neurosurgical Societies (June-October 2021). A total of 205 European neurosurgeons (87 females and 118 males, mean age 40.7) are included in our survey. In neurosurgery, females are significantly more likely to be alone (37.9%), while males are significantly more likely to have children (66.9%). In terms of household efforts, females spend more time than males on the same tasks. Most participants (71.2%) view gender issues as a disadvantage in career pursuing. Women feel less accepted (54.3%) and having fewer opportunities (58.6%), while men believe that pregnancy/child-rearing (65.8%) and having many roles (51.3%) are the main obstacles. Both genders (77.6%) favor more convenient working conditions for young parents. Discussion and Conclusion. In our study we found that, women neurosurgeons take more responsibilities at home, especially in the child-rearing years. Female neurosurgeons are more likely to live alone or stay childless more often compared to their male colleagues. Supportive facilities, flexible programs, universal life policies and presumably curbing of the social stereotypes are of importance to overcome gender inequities that women are still facing in neurosurgery

Diamonds, gold and crime displacement: Hatton Garden, and the evolution of organised crime in the UK

The 2015 Hatton Garden Heist was described as the ‘largest burglary in English legal history’. However, the global attention that this spectacular crime attracted to ‘The Garden’ tended to concentrate upon the value of the stolen goods and the vintage of the burglars. What has been ignored is how the burglary shone a spotlight into Hatton Garden itself, as an area with a unique ‘upperworld’ commercial profile and skills cluster that we identify as an incubator and facilitator for organised crime. The Garden is the UK’s foremost jewellery production and retail centre and this paper seeks to explore how Hatton Garden’s businesses integrated with a fluid criminal population to transition, through hosting lucrative (and bureaucratically complex) VAT gold frauds from 1980 to the early 1990s, to become a major base for sophisticated acquisitive criminal activities. Based on extensive interviews over a thirty year period, evidence from a personal research archive and public records, this paper details a cultural community with a unique criminal profile due to the particularities of its geographical location, ethnic composition, trading culture, skills base and international connections. The processes and structures that facilitate criminal markets are largely under-researched (Antonopoulos et al. 2015: 11), and this paper considers how elements of Hatton Garden’s ‘upperworld’ businesses integrated with project criminals, displaced by policing strategies, to effect this transition

The subject of immigration

Book synopsis: Witness presents a new body of work in the field by an international cast of scholars who engage with a complex set of questions concerning notions of witnessing and attestation in twentieth- and twenty-first century Western culture. Providing insight into this vital yet relatively unexplored concept –and the wide range of media and subject areas to which it lends itself – the volume not only establishes links with existing, currently canonical contributions to witness literature – from Primo Levi through Victor Klemperer to Imre Kertész – but also goes on to provide a set of analyses of exemplary and very recent literary works in that area. Furthermore, Witness extends and changes the previous scholarly tendency to focus strongly on historical evidence and the witness’s vocalization of true remembrance so as to include difficult theoretical and interpretative questions posed by studies today of traumatic experience, amnesia, visual culture, new media, and technology. The book includes contributions from the acclaimed Romanian-German author Herta Müller, Nobel laureate of literature 2009, and Cathy Caruth, the internationally recognized scholar in trauma studies

Altermodern: movement or marketing?

To coin a new term and have it, if not exactly universally established, then at least acknowledged in the already overcrowded vocabulary of contemporary art speak might be ambition enough for most critics. Indeed, to offer a name for a movement, a group or a new ‘spirit’ in art is something that most writers concerned with contemporary art would be very wary of doing, given that we live in an irreversibly pluralist age. Writer and übercurator Nicolas Bourriaud appears to know no fear, however, when it comes to generating terminology. Indeed, not only did he coin many of the most recent terms for the type of practices predominant among younger artists over the past two decades (‘relational aesthetics’, ‘postproduction’, ‘semionaut’), but now he appears to actually want to coin a term for the age that we – the artists, the theorists and the audience – find ourselves in. It’s as if Greenberg, not content with bestowing on the world a grand definition of modernist painting, then wanted to actually rechristen modernity too. Nonetheless, Bourriaud wants to give us ‘The Altermodern’, an alternative reading of the contemporary, global situation as it effects both the production and reception of whatever is left of the ‘avant garde’ in art

Origin and becoming : anticipation, orientation and creatureliness in the work of Walter Benjamin, Hermann Cohen, Franz Rosenzweig and Hugo von Hofmannsthal

EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo

Neo-Kantianism and Messianism: origin and interruption in Hermann Cohen and Walter Benjamin

Book synopsis: No other single author has so commanding a critical presence across so many disciplines within the arts and humanities, in so many national contexts, as Walter Benjamin (1892-1940). The belated reception of his work as a literary critic (dating from the late 1950s) has been followed by a rapid series of critical receptions in different contexts: Frankfurt Critical Theory and Marxism, Judaism, Film Theory, Post-structuralism, Philosophical Romanticism, and Cultural Studies. This collection brings together a selection of the most critically important items in the literature, across the full range of Benjamin's cultural-theoretical interests, from all periods of the reception of his writings, but focusing upon the most recent, to produce a comprehensive overview of the best critical literature

Women Pursuing a Neurosurgical Career in Greece

Traditionally, neurosurgery constitutes one of the most male-dominated scientific fields owing to several factors, including social stereotypes, nonequal opportunities for higher education, and historical circumstances. Currently, with the increasing number of women in neurosurgery all over the world, this stereotype seems to be slowly but steadily disappearing. Since 1989, Women in Neurosurgery has played a vital role in introducing and promoting talented women in neurosurgery and highlighting contributions of women to academic society and medical leadership worldwide. In Greece, although the majority of men neurosurgeons accept the idea of women entering their field, the role of women seems to remain minor, especially in academic neurosurgery. In this article, we present a brief history of Greek neurosurgery, with an emphasis on the first women neurosurgeons and their contribution to neurosurgery in Greece. We have outlined the role of Greek women neurosurgeons in neurosurgical leadership through their active involvement in the administration of national and international neurosurgical societies. Furthermore, we have attempted to explore the underrepresentation of women in the Greek academic neurosurgical community and to determine whether it is associated with lurking gender discrimination or deep-rooted social prejudice. © 2022 Elsevier Inc

Methodological assessment of guidelines for the diagnosis and management of cerebral vasospasm using the AGREE-II tool

OBJECTIVE Rupture of an intracranial aneurysm is the most common cause of spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage. Despite the recent advances in its early detection, diagnosis, and proper treatment, the outcome of patients experiencing aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) remains poor. It is well known that cerebral vasospasm is the most troublesome complication of aSAH, while delayed cerebral ischemia related to cerebral vasospasm constitutes the major cause of unfavorable outcomes in patients with aSAH. The need for evidence-based guidelines is of great importance for the prevention, early detection, and efficient management of aSAH-induced vasospasm. Moreover, guidelines provide young physicians with a valuable tool for practicing defensible medicine. However, the methodology, clinical applicability, reporting clarity, and biases of guidelines must be periodically assessed. In this study, the authors sought to assess the reporting clarity and methodological quality of published guidelines and recommendations. METHODS A search was performed in the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. The search terms used were “clinical practice guidelines,” “recommendations,” “stroke,” “subarachnoid hemorrhage,” and “vasospasm” in all possible combinations. The search period extended from 1964 to September 2021 and was limited to literature published in the English language. All published guidelines and recommendations reporting on the diagnosis and management of vasospasm were included. Studies other than those reporting guidelines and recommendations were excluded. The eligible studies were evaluated by three blinded raters, employing the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research & Evaluation II (AGREE-II) analysis tool. RESULTS A total of 10 sets of guidelines were evaluated in this study. The American Heart Association/American Stroke Association issued guidelines found to have the highest methodological quality and reporting clarity, followed by the European Stroke Organization guidelines and the English edition of the Japanese guidelines issued by the Japanese Society on Surgery for Cerebral Stroke. The interrater agreement was moderate in the current analysis. CONCLUSIONS These findings support the idea that improvement of currently existing guidelines is feasible in the following domains: the rigor of guidelines and recommendations development, clinical applicability, editorial independence, and stakeholder involvement. Furthermore, periodic updating of published guidelines requires improvement in the future © AANS 2022, except where prohibited by US copyright la