A novel alignment procedure to assess calcified coronary plaques in histopathology, post-mortem computed tomography angiography and optical coherence tomography

Purpose: Improve mapping and registration of longitudinal view on histopathology vessels in a three-dimensional alignment procedure for postmortem quantitative coronary plaque analyses. This new procedure is applied and results shown using calcified coronary plaque analyses within post-mortem computed tomography angiography (PMCTA), optical coherence tomography (OCT) and the gold standard of histopathology.Results: In total, 338 annotated histopathology images were included, 166 PMCTA transversal images and 285 OCT images were aligned in the comparison. The results from the comparison using the alignment procedure showed overall that the calcified plaques seem to be overestimated by PMCTA and underestimated by OCT.Conclusions: The 3D fusion approach, aligning the images of PMCTA, OCT and histopathology as gold standard allowed for a slice-based comparison of the different modalities. The results showed that PMCTA overestimates the calcified plaques while OCT underestimates these, compared to histopathology. (C) 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Cardiovascular Aspects of Radiolog

Acute Myocardial Infarction and Pulmonary Diseases Result in Two Different Degradation Profiles of Elastin as Quantified by Two Novel ELISAs.

Elastin is a signature protein of the arteries and lungs, thus it was hypothesized that elastin is subject to enzymatic degradation during cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases. The aim was to investigate if different fragments of the same protein entail different information associated to two different diseases and if these fragments have the potential of being diagnostic biomarkers.Monoclonal antibodies were raised against an identified fragment (the ELM-2 neoepitope) generated at the amino acid position '552 in elastin by matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) -9/-12. A newly identified ELM neoepitope was generated by the same proteases but at amino acid position '441. The distribution of ELM-2 and ELM, in human arterial plaques and fibrotic lung tissues were investigated by immunohistochemistry. A competitive ELISA for ELM-2 was developed. The clinical relevance of the ELM and ELM-2 ELISAs was evaluated in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), no AMI, high coronary calcium, or low coronary calcium. The serological release of ELM-2 in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) was compared to controls.ELM and ELM-2 neoepitopes were both localized in diseased carotid arteries and fibrotic lungs. In the cardiovascular cohort, ELM-2 levels were 66% higher in serum from AMI patients compared to patients with no AMI (p<0.01). Levels of ELM were not significantly increased in these patients and no correlation was observed between ELM-2 and ELM. ELM-2 was not elevated in the COPD and IPF patients and was not correlated to ELM. ELM was shown to be correlated with smoking habits (p<0.01).The ELM-2 neoepitope was related to AMI whereas the ELM neoepitope was related to pulmonary diseases. These results indicate that elastin neoepitopes generated by the same proteases but at different amino acid sites provide different tissue-related information depending on the disease in question

Differences in elastin neoepitopes levels compared to patient parameters presented with p-values. n>5.

*<p>p<0.05; ** p<0.01; ^AMean of ELM release is 17,2 ng/mL for patients having hypercholesteremia and 21,3 ng/mL for patients not having it. ^BMean of ELM release is 25.8 ng/mL for patients taking Calcium channel blocker and 19,4 ng/mL for patients not taking the drug. ^CMean of ELM release is 19,6 ng/mL for patients taking thiazides and 20,6 ng/mL for patients not taking the drug. ^#Levels of mean of ELM versus smoking habit is shown in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0060936#pone-0060936-g004" target="_blank">Figure 4</a>.</p

Summary table of the technical validation of the ELM-2 ELISA.

*<p>Percentage dilution recovery was calculated as the mean of 4 human samples diluted 1∶2 and 1∶4. **Inter- and intra-assay validation was calculated as the mean variation between 8 individual determinations of each human serum sample. ***The stability of the analyte (human serum) was calculated as the mean of three different serum samples tested after freeze/thaw for one to 4 times.</p

Biological validation of ELM and ELM-2 in the cardiovascular cohort.

<p>Human serum from patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) (n = 30), non-AMI (n = 30), coronary calcium shown on CT scans (CT-plusCA)(n = 30) and no coronary calcium detectable on a CT scan (n = 30). Bars indicate mean level. Groups were compared by Wilcoxon rank sum test. A)ELM-2, B) ELM and C) The Spearman correlation between ELM and ELM-2. Data are shown as mean±SD with 95% confidence intervals. ** p<0.01.</p