Innovation modes and productivity in the UK

This paper is motivated by the aim to develop appropriate indicators capturing modes of innovation by UK enterprises, examine how such innovation practices vary across regions and industries and explore the extent to which they have an impact on productivity. There is an emphasis on identifying and examining the relevance of non-technological innovation that builds on and extends previous research in this important area. Traditionally, measures of innovation have rested on single indicators such as patenting or R&D, supplemented, by product and process and process innovation outputs. More recently innovations in management, organisational and marketing areas are being brought into the picture and the relevant information collected by innovation surveys. Among indicators of innovation the distinctions between technological and non-technological innovations has often been loosely translated into either activities in manufacturing versus services, or into product and process innovations versus organisational and marketing innovations. While these simplifications of technological and non-technological innovation can be a practically useful, since data is readily available, they do not fully recognize that mixed modes of innovations are adopted by today’s firms; firms whose environments are characterised by increased competition, internationalisation and shorter product life cycles

The economics of accreditation

This paper is a report on a research project on the economics of accreditation in the UK. The main motivation and objective for the study is to have available a detailed analysis of how the accreditation system impinges on important aspects of economic life, such as innovation and business and economic performance. It aims to improve the general understanding of the benefits of using accredited conformity assessment and to help businesses make informed decisions when procuring conformity assessment and related services. It is also intended to be helpful to government by supporting evidence-based policy making in relation to accreditation and conformity assessmen

Innovation, skills and performance in the downturn: an analysis of the UK innovation survey 2011

The link between firms’ innovation performance and economic cycles, especially major downturns such as that of 2008-10, is a matter of great policy significance, but is relatively under-researched at least at the level of micro data on business behaviour. It is, for example, often argued that economies need to ‘innovate out of recessions’ since innovation is positively associated with improvements in productivity that then lead to growth and better employment (Nesta, 2009). The issues of how individual firms respond to downturns through their investment in innovation, and how this impacts on innovation outputs and ultimately business performance and growth during and after downturns, has been less studied because relevant data has not been readily available. The UK Innovation Survey (UKIS) 2011 now makes this possible. The UKIS 2011 with reference period 2008 to 2010 covers the downturn in economic activity generated by the global financial crash. The build-up of panels over the life of the UKIS also supports analysis of the longer-term interactions between innovation and the business cycle. This report analyses the last four waves of the surveys. Further, the latest survey includes questions on whether firms employ a specific set of skills, which adds materially to the ability to research the role of skills and human capital in innovation at the micro level

Connected innovation: an international comparative study that identifies mixed modes of innovation

This paper offers a new angle on innovation modalities by adopting a recently emerging approach towards identifying innovation typologies via exploratory data analysis techniques with the aim to tease out some underlying latent variables that represent coherent innovation strategies for groups of firms. Mixed modes of innovation include aspects of both user and open innovation, and are employed to inform on such concepts. The modes of innovation are developed by exploring micro-level innovation survey data across 18 countries. The contributions of the paper lie in (a) the identification of five core innovation modes that are found in almost all countries; and (b) examining – via regression analysis – the role of different modes in firm performance

Innovation dynamics and the role of infrastructure

This report shows how the role of the infrastructure – standards, measurement, accreditation, design and intellectual property – can be integrated into a quantitative model of the innovation system and used to help explain levels and changes in labour productivity and growth in turnover and employment. The summary focuses on the new results from the project, set out in more detail in Sections 5 and 6. The first two sections of the report provide contextual material on the UK innovation system, the nature and content of the infrastructure knowledge and the institutions that provide it. Mixed modes of innovation, the typology of innovation practices developed and applied here, is constituted of six mixed modes, derived from many variables taken from the UK Innovation Survey. These are: Investing in intangibles Technology with IP innovating Using codified knowledge Wider (managerial) innovating Market-led innovating External process modernising. The composition of the innovation modes, and the approach used to compute them, is set out in more detail in Section 4. Modes can be thought of as the underlying process of innovation, a bundle of activities undertaken jointly by firms, and whose working out generates well known indicators such as new product innovations, R&D spending and accessing external information, that are the partial indicators gathered from the innovation survey itself

La formation des salariés récemment embauchés : une comparaison public-privé

F. Audier, V. Di Paola, M. Lambert, D. Meurs, C. Perez et S. Moullet, Les déterminants des entrées dans la Fonction publique : parcours du combattant ou pis-aller ?, Rapport final pour le ministère de la Recherche, janvier 2004 (chapitre 4).Après avoir précisé les caractéristiques des nouveaux recrutés dans la Fonction publique au regard de leurs homologues du secteur privé, deux catégories de salariés retiennent plus particulièrement notre attention : les non titulaires de la Fonction publique (vacataires, auxiliaires, emplois-jeunes ...) et les personnes «déclassées». Puis, on s'efforce de confronter le recours à la formation continue des nouveaux recrutés des deux secteurs, en niveau et en intensité. Enfin, l'identification plus fine des pratiques de formation nous permet de cerner des stratégies de formation liées au profil des salariés récemment embauchés du public

La formation des salariés récemment embauchés : une comparaison public-privé

Après avoir précisé les caractéristiques des nouveaux recrutés dans la Fonction publique au regard de leurs homologues du secteur privé, deux catégories de salariés retiennent plus particulièrement notre attention : les non titulaires de la Fonction publique (vacataires, auxiliaires, emplois-jeunes ...) et les personnes «déclassées». Puis, on s'efforce de confronter le recours à la formation continue des nouveaux recrutés des deux secteurs, en niveau et en intensité. Enfin, l'identification plus fine des pratiques de formation nous permet de cerner des stratégies de formation liées au profil des salariés récemment embauchés du public.formation continue ; recrutement ; Fonction publique ; comparaison public-privé ;

Uk business confidence has increased, but COVID still poses risks

The number of UK firms at risk of bankruptcy has more than halved in the last six months. Only 6.3 per cent (1 in 16) of all registered businesses say they are at risk – the lowest since September 2020. However, Peter Lambert, Apolline Marion, and John Van Reenen write that the removal of government support, possible new variants, and the ever-present risk of localised spikes in infections could make the rest of 2021 a quite volatile period

Lesões do Nervo Alveolar Inferior

O nervo alveolar inferior (NAI) é uma estrutura nervosa mandibular bilateral derivado do nervo trigémio. A sua lesão ocorre com alguma frequência em atos cirúrgicos comuns na odontologia, podendo originar transtornos na qualidade de vida do paciente. O objetivo desta revisão consiste em compreender os procedimentos cirúrgicos mais suscetíveis de causar a lesão do NAI, o processo de diagnóstico e as diferentes abordagens terapêuticas. Realizou-se uma pesquisa de bibliográfica na PUBMED incluindo artigos em idioma inglês publicados nos 13 últimos anos. Um total de 15 publicações foram elegíveis para serem incluídas nesta revisão. Os resultados obtidos mostram que o ato cirúrgico com maior incidência na lesão do NAI são a exodontia do terceiro molar (32.14%-69%), o tratamento endodôntico (7-35,3%), a anestesia local (12,7%) e o implante dentário (11,7%). O método de diagnóstico mais frequente é o QST utilizando em conjunto com radiografias convencionais (40%) ou a RM (20%). O tratamento das lesões do NAI realiza-se mediante administração de fármacos (46,7%), com recurso à microcirurgia (40%) ou à acupuntura (6,7%). Além dos meios de diagnóstico convencionais, existem outros que são importantes para excluir algumas patologias que possam causar dor facial na área afetada. Se a regeneração da lesão do nervo não ocorrer, existem diferentes opções terapêuticas momeadamente a prescrição dos diferentes fármacos, ou a microcirurgia da lesão. Contudo existem também tratamentos secundários, menos invasivos como a acupuntura, ou terapia laser de baixo nível. Concluindo, é necessário que o praticante tenha o conhecimento sobre este problema, para que seja possível prevenir, diagnosticar, tratar e acompanhar os pacientes

Uk business confidence has increased – but the removal of furlough, possible new variants, and localised spikes in infections still pose risks

The number of UK firms at risk of bankruptcy has more than halved in the last six months, while only 6% of all registered businesses say they are at risk – the lowest since September 2020. However, Peter Lambert, Apolline Marion, and John Van Reenen write that the removal of government support, possible new variants, and the ever-present risk of localised spikes in infections could make the rest of 2021 a quite volatile period