Pratiques langagières et discours sur les langues et l’identité dans une entreprise montréalaise : contradictions et ajustements

Ce texte examine les pratiques langagières et les discours sur la langue et l’identité dans une entreprise montréalaise de postproduction en pleine expansion. Les données nous révèlent un milieu où le français domine, mais où des stratégies sont mises en place pour gérer la communication bilingue ou multilingue. Malgré cette zone tampon (buffer zone), il devient apparent que le bilinguisme est une réalité pour la majorité des employés, même s’ils utilisent l’anglais de façon ponctuelle. De plus, nous constatons que le bilinguisme est présent à plusieurs niveaux de l’entreprise et pas seulement aux échelons les plus élevés de la hiérarchie. Dans les discours des employés, nous constatons des tensions et des contradictions au sujet du bilinguisme, décrit comme une ressource importante sur les plans individuel et collectif (le Québec), mais aussi comme une menace à la vitalité de la langue française. D’autres tensions dans les discours se trouvent dans la perception des législations visant la promotion et la protection de la langue française : cette politique est vue comme bénéfique pour le projet linguistique et culturel du Québec, mais aussi comme un obstacle de plus pour le positionnement économique du Québec sur un marché mondialisé.This text examines the language practices and discourses on language and identity within a Montreal based post-production company. Findings reveal a work environment in which French clearly dominates, but where strategies for the management of language needs (bilingual, multilingual) have been put in place to create a buffer zone. Despite this buffer zone, bilingualism is a reality for the majority of employees, even if only infrequently called upon. Furthermore, bilingual skills can not only be associated with the upper echelons of company management. In the discourse of employees become apparent a number of contradictions and tensions in respect to bilingualism, sometimes described as a valuable individual and collective ressource, it is also understood as a threat to the vitality of the French language. Other tensions can be found in how Quebec’s language policy is described, as both beneficial to Quebec’s language and cultural project, but also as a further obstacle to Quebec’s ability to position itself within a globalized market

Lorsque le marché économique n’est ni ici ni ailleurs... Nouvelle économie et nouvelles technologies à Montréal : pratiques langagières et discours1

En se basant sur une recherche ethnographique menée au sein d’une entreprise montréalaise en expansion vers de nouveaux marchés (États-Unis, Mexique), cet article examine les pratiques langagières et les discours sur la langue du personnel. Nos données révèlent un milieu empreint d’un « technolecte » français-anglais puisé à même les termes anglophones utilisés dans l’industrie de la postproduction et des logiciels, mais où le français demeure la langue de travail. Ceci dit, nous observons également la mise en place de différentes stratégies de gestion du bilinguisme et du multilinguisme pour répondre aux besoins linguistiques de la compagnie. Si la récente expansion vers les marchés hispanophones oblige, d’une façon marginale, l’embauche d’employés trilingues, nous constatons que cela ne provoque pas d’énormes réajustements puisque cette entreprise québécoise a déjà l’expérience de la gestion du bilinguisme français/anglais. Cette ouverture à une économie mondialisée semble être davantage ressentie comme une menace au volet culturel du « projet de société » québécois, les enjeux linguistiques restant subordonnés aux enjeux sociopolitiques liés à la question identitaire.This article examines the language practices and discourse of employees and management in a Montreal business currently expanding into new markets in the USA and Mexico. Findings from this ethnographic study reveal the strong presence of a French-English “technolect” that draw on English terms used in the post-production industry and software, but the main language of communication is French. This said, we also observe deliberate strategies for managing the bilingual and multilingual needs of the company. The recent expansion into Spanish-speaking markets has lead to the hiring of trilingual employees; however, this does not represent a major adjustment for the company, as it has always had to deal with the need for a language other than French in its business practices. In effect, moving into a globalized economy seems to provoke more concern about the cultural and “identity” aspects of Quebec’s “projet de société” than about language. In summary, concern over the vitality of French has by no means disappeared, but new types of concerns over the future of Quebec have emerged

Les mots du marché : l’inscription de la francophonie canadienne dans la nouvelle économie

Cet article sert d’introduction à l’ensemble des articles de ce numéro. Il met l’accent sur les processus généraux de transformation sociale en cours au Canada francophone, notamment la manière dont le changement économique (crise des industries traditionnelles, émergence de la nouvelle économie mondialisée) et social (urbanisation, mobilité) remet en question les idéologies dominantes à propos du lien entre la langue, l’identité et la nation. Il touche aussi aux méthodologies d’enquête développées pour tenir compte d’une réalité de mouvance et de réseautage, pour remplacer celle axée sur l’idée de communautés fixes et stables.This text serves as a general introduction to the collection in this issue. It focusses on the processes of economic and social change common to francophone Canada (notably the crises of traditional industries, the emergence of the globalized new economy, urbanization and mobility) and the ways in which they call into question dominant ideologies of the relationship among language, identity and nation. We also discuss the methodological innovations we developed in order to better apprehend movement and networking, as opposed to more traditional methods focussed on the idea of fixed and stable communities

Graph-Based Trust Model for Evaluating Trust Using Subjective Logic

50 pagesBefore using a digital system, it is necessary to evaluate it according to different parameters. Lately trust emerged as a momentous aspect of evaluation. Evaluating trust in a system is a complex issue that becomes more challenging when systems use distributed architectures. In a previous work, we proposed SocioTrust, a trust model that is based on probability theory to evaluate trust in a system for an activity. In SocioTrust, trust values are considered as the probability, by which a trustor believes that a trustee behaves as expected. A limita- tion of using traditional probability is that users cannot express their uncertainties about some actors of their activity. In real situations, not everyone is in possession of all the necessary information to provide a dogmatic opinion about something or someone. Subjective logic thus emerged to facilitate the expression of trust as a subjective opinion with degrees of uncertainty. In this paper, we propose SubjectiveTrust, a graph-based trust model to evaluate trust in a system for an activity using subjective logic. The distinctive features of our proposal are (i) user's un- certainties are taken into account in trust evaluation and (ii) besides taking into account the trust in the different entities the user depends on to perform an activity, it takes into consideration the architecture of the system to determine its trust level

Trust Evaluation of a System for an Activity

International audienceWhen users need to perform a digital activity, they evaluate available systems according to their functionality, ease of use, QoS, and/or economical as- pects. Recently, trust has become another key factor for such evaluation. Two main issues arise in the trust management research community. First, how to de- fine the trust in an entity, knowing that this can be a person, a digital or a physical resource. Second, how to evaluate such value of trust in a system as a whole for a particular activity. Defining and evaluating trust in systems is an open problem because there is no consensus on the used approach. In this work we propose an approach applicable to any kind of system. The distinctive feature of our pro- posal is that, besides taking into account the trust in the different entities the user depends on to perform an activity, it takes into consideration the architecture of the system to determine its trust level. Our goal is to enable users to have a per- sonal comparison between different systems for the same application needs and to choose the one satisfying their expectations. This paper introduces our approach, which is based on probability theory, and presents ongoing results

System Modeling and Trust Evaluation of Distributed Systems

International audienceNowadays, digital systems are connected through complex architectures. These systems involve persons, physical and digital resources such that we can consider that a system consists of elements from two worlds, the social world and the digital world, and their relations. Users perform activities like chatting, buying, sharing data, etc. Evaluating and choosing appropriate systems involve aspects like functionality, performance, QoS, ease of use, or price. Recently, trust appeared as another key factor for such an evaluation. In this context, we raise two issues, (i) how to formalize the entities that compose a system and their relations for a particular activity? and (ii) how to evaluate trust in a system for this activity? This work proposes answers to both questions. On the one hand, we propose SOCIOPATH, a metamodel based on first order logic, that allows to model a system considering entities of the social and digital worlds and their relations. On the other hand, we propose two approaches to evaluate trust in systems, namely, SOCIOTRUST and SUBJECTIVETRUST. The former is based on probability the- ory to evaluate users’ trust in systems for a given activity. The latter is based on subjective logic to take into account uncertainty in trust values

Trust Approach Based on User's Activities

National audienceThe complexity of distributed systems continuously increases and their usage is widened into a variety of contexts. Users do several activities through these systems like sharing data, chatting, buying online, etc. Persons, hardware and software are involved in activities so we consider a system as the representation of two worlds, the social and the digital worlds. Trust plays an important role in helping users to analyze the danger or risk they incur when doing an activity. Research on trust notions has focused on the social entities where a trustee is a person or an organization of persons. Recent research analyzes trust toward the digital world i.e., technologies. We consider that having these two building blocks is not enough for a user to decide if she can confidently do an activity in a particular system. Such decision requires to consider the system organization as a whole because it determines whom and what would be involved in a user activity and how. This article focuses on this problem and provides first ideas for solution

La Réussite en français des allophones au collégial: constat, problématique et solutions : rapport de recherche

Résumé: p. i"La présente recherche a été subventionnée par le Ministère de l'éducation dans le cadre du Programme d'aide à la recherche sur l'enseignement et l'apprentissage et par Immigration et Métropoles"Également disponible en version papierTitre de l'écran-titre (visionné le 9 déc. 2009)Bibliogr.: p. 115-12