Operating a full tungsten actively cooled tokamak: overview of WEST first phase of operation

WEST is an MA class superconducting, actively cooled, full tungsten (W) tokamak, designed to operate in long pulses up to 1000 s. In support of ITER operation and DEMO conceptual activities, key missions of WEST are: (i) qualification of high heat flux plasma-facing components in integrating both technological and physics aspects in relevant heat and particle exhaust conditions, particularly for the tungsten monoblocks foreseen in ITER divertor; (ii) integrated steady-state operation at high confinement, with a focus on power exhaust issues. During the phase 1 of operation (2017–2020), a set of actively cooled ITER-grade plasma facing unit prototypes was integrated into the inertially cooled W coated startup lower divertor. Up to 8.8 MW of RF power has been coupled to the plasma and divertor heat flux of up to 6 MW m−2 were reached. Long pulse operation was started, using the upper actively cooled divertor, with a discharge of about 1 min achieved. This paper gives an overview of the results achieved in phase 1. Perspectives for phase 2, operating with the full capability of the device with the complete ITER-grade actively cooled lower divertor, are also described

Synthetic approaches to artificial photosynthesis: general discussion

Metals in Catalysis, Biomimetics & Inorganic Material

ALK-positive histiocytosis: a new clinicopathologic spectrum highlighting neurologic involvement and responses to ALK inhibition

ALK-positive histiocytosis is a rare subtype of histiocytic neoplasm first described in 2008 in three infants with multisystemic disease involving the liver and hematopoietic system. This entity has subsequently been documented in case reports and series to occupy a wider clinicopathologic spectrum with recurrent KIF5B-ALK fusions. The full clinicopathologic and molecular spectra of ALK-positive histiocytosis remain, however, poorly characterized. Here, we describe the largest study of ALK-positive histiocytosis to date, with detailed clinicopathologic data of 39 cases, including 37 cases with confirmed ALKrearrangements. The clinical spectrum comprised distinct clinical phenotypic groups: infants with multisystemic disease with liver and hematopoietic involvement, as originally described (Group 1A: 6/39), other patients with multisystemic disease (Group 1B: 10/39), and patients with single-system disease (Group 2: 23/39). Nineteen patients of the entire cohort (49%) had neurologic involvement (seven and twelve from Groups 1B and 2, respectively). Histology included classic xanthogranuloma features in almost one third of cases, whereas the majority displayed a more densely cellular, monomorphic appearance without lipidized histiocytes but sometimes more spindled or epithelioid morphology. Neoplastic histiocytes were positive for macrophage markers and often conferred strong expression of phosphorylated-ERK, confirming MAPK pathway activation. KIF5B-ALK fusions were detected in 27 patients, while CLTC-ALK, TPM3-ALK, TFG-ALK, EML4-ALK and DCTN1-ALK fusions were identified in single cases. Robust and durable responses were observed in 11/11 patients treated with ALK inhibition, ten with neurologic involvement. This study presents the existing clinicopathologic and molecular landscape of ALK-positive histiocytosis, and provides guidance for the clinical management of this emerging histiocytic entity.Molecular tumour pathology - and tumour genetic

Impact of B cell/lymphoid stromal cell crosstalk in B-cell physiology and malignancy

International audienc

Intratumoral immune and stromal heterogeneity in follicular lymphoma: an implication in relapses and responses to immunotherapies?

International audienc

Quantification of Trace Metalloids and Metals in Airborne Particles Applying Dynamic Reaction Cell Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry

International audienc

ARMAZENAMENTO DA FARINHA DE TRIGO ENRIQUECIDA COM FERRO E ÁCIDO FÓLICO E SEU EFEITO NA PRODUÇÃO DE PÃO DE FORMA

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; text-align: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"> A importância das vitaminas e minerais na prevenção de doenças tem motivado a saúde pública a implementar programas de enriquecimento de alimentos. Diante disso, o Ministério da Saúde tornou obrigatória a fortificação das farinhas de trigo e milho com ferro e ácido fólico. O trabalho objetivou estudar farinha de trigo enriquecida com ferro e ácido fólico durante o armazenamento e a sua influência na produção de pão de forma. A farinha de trigo foi caracterizada quimicamente. Os microingredientes foram adicionados nas concentrações de 1.2, 2.1, 4.2, 6.3, 7.2 mg 100g-<sup>1</sup> de ferro e 44, 75, 150, 225, 256ug 100 g-1 de ácido fólico. O experimento foi realizado em delineamento inteiramente casualizado e os resultados avaliados por análise de variância (ANOVA) e regressão polinomial. Nos modelos significativos, as médias foram comparadas entre si pelo teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade de erro. Os microingredientes ferro e ácido fólico não interferiram nas características físico-químicas e de panificação da farinha de trigo, sendo as alterações encontradas decorrentes de sua maturação durante o armazenamento