Immobilisation of amylase by various techniques

75-81<span style="font-size: 16.0pt;font-family:Fd37616-Identity-H;mso-fareast-font-family:Fd1765337-Identity-H; mso-bidi-font-family:Fd37616-Identity-H">The enzyme α-amylase was subjected to immobilisation by entrapment and covalent binding methods. Calcium alginate gel entrapment technique was used <span style="font-size:16.0pt;font-family: Fd1413727-Identity-H;mso-fareast-font-family:Fd1765337-Identity-H;mso-bidi-font-family: Fd1413727-Identity-H">for <span style="font-size:16.0pt;font-family: Fd37616-Identity-H;mso-fareast-font-family:Fd1765337-Identity-H;mso-bidi-font-family: Fd37616-Identity-H">the enzyme entrapment. Nylon <span style="font-size: 16.0pt;font-family:Fd1765337-Identity-H;mso-bidi-font-family:Fd1765337-Identity-H">6 <span style="font-size:16.0pt;font-family:Fd37616-Identity-H;mso-fareast-font-family: Fd1765337-Identity-H;mso-bidi-font-family:Fd37616-Identity-H">heads and knitted fabric were the supports chosen <span style="font-size:16.0pt; font-family:Fd1413727-Identity-H;mso-fareast-font-family:Fd1765337-Identity-H; mso-bidi-font-family:Fd1413727-Identity-H">for <span style="font-size: 16.0pt;font-family:Fd37616-Identity-H;mso-fareast-font-family:Fd1765337-Identity-H; mso-bidi-font-family:Fd37616-Identity-H">the covalent bonding technique using glutaraldehyde with and without chitosan. The characteristics of the immobilised enzyme have been discussed. Covalent bonding gave better stability and reusability of the immobilised enzyme than the calcium alginate bead entrapment. </span

An Introduction to Intellectual Property Rights and their Importance in Indian Context

32-41The intellectual property rights (IPR) are intangible in nature and gives exclusive rights to inventor or creator for their valuable invention or creation. In present scenario of globalisation, IPR is the focal point in global trade practices and livelihood across the world. These rights boost the innovative environment by giving recognition and economic benefits to creator or inventor whereas the lack of IPR awareness and its ineffective implementation may hamper the economic, technical and societal developments of nation. Hence dissemination of IPR knowledge and its appropriate implementation is utmost requirement for any nation. The present paper highlights various terms of IPR such as patents, trademarks, industrial designs, geographic indications, copyright, etc with their corresponding rules, regulations, their need and role especially pertaining to Indian context. Further, status of India’s participation in IPR related activities across the world has been discussed in brief

Sustainable Coloration of Protein Fibers Using Kalanchoe-Pinnata Leaf Extract

A natural dye for dyeing textiles was extracted from Kalanchoe-pinnata leaf powder using aqueous extraction and characterized by determining the radical scavenging activity (%), tannin content, flavonoid and phenolic content, FTIR, and UV-visible absorption analysis. Protein fabrics, i.e., wool, silk, soya, and milk were dyed by optimizing dyeing time, temperature, pH and MLR conditions with and without mordants. The dyed fabrics were assessed for their color strength, fastness properties, ultraviolet protection factor, and antibacterial properties. The result of the study shows that obtained Kalanchoe-pinnata leaf extract has good anti-oxidant properties being 84.92% of radical scavenging activity, possesses good coloration, affinity for textile material and functional properties being high content of tannin, flavonoid, and phenolic compounds. Wool and silk showed very good affinity for the dye extract and fastness behavior followed by soya and milk fabrics. Wool shows ultraviolet protection factor while there is no significant effect on silk, soya, and milk fabrics as these fabrics are very thin in structure. The aqueous extract as well as all the dyed samples also exhibit excellent anti-bacterial activity against S-aurous and E-coli. Thus, Kalanchoe-pinnata leaf extract can be a better sustainable substitute to synthetic dyes for dyeing of protein fabrics