State encoding for low power

In this thesis, methods are proposed to minimize power consumption in mutilevel logic implementations of FSMs during the state encoding step. Information theoretic measures are used to model the power consumption in the circuit. It is shown that the power measure can be reduced by introducing a skew in the probability of state bits. The states are partitioned into groups to introduce skew and then an area measure based maximum matching technique is applied to keep the area down. The use of non-minimal length encoding to further reduce power is investigated. The results indicate that non-minimal length encoding is good for power reduction in most cases. They also prove that entropy based power measures can be used to model power in multi-level logic circuits

Effect of Pranayama on Anxiety, Depression and Stress Levels in Post-Graduate Students: Correlation with Serum Cortisol and Hemoglobin Levels

Background: Anxiety, depression and stress (ADS) are prevalent mental health disorders among university students due to the demanding nature of their academic pursuits. Pranayama yogic breathing (PYB), a controlled breathing technique has been suggested as a potential intervention to alleviate these psychological maladies. Aim: This study aimed to investigate the effect of PYB practices on ADS levels of post-graduate students (PGSs) while exploring the potential relationships with serum cortisol (SC) and hemoglobin (Hb) levels. Methods: 60 university students aged between 21 to 24 years were randomly assigned into two groups: an experimental group participant (n=30) who practiced PYB for 45 minutes daily for three months and a control group participant (n=30) who did not receive any intervention. ADS levels were assessed using a standardized questionnaire ADSS, while SC levels and Hb were measured using laboratory tests. Data were collected at three states pre (before intervention), mid (after 45 days of intervention) and post (after 90 days of intervention). Data were analyzed using SPSS version 2.5.11 (110) Results: The results demonstrated that PGSs who underwent the PYB intervention exhibited significantly reduced anxiety, depression and stress compared to the control group. Furthermore, the experimental group showed a significant decrease in SC levels and a significant increase in Hb levels after the intervention. Conclusion: PYB practice has been shown to significantly reduced ADS and positively influenced SC and Hb levels in PGSs. Further research is warranted to explore the long-term effects and broader applicability of PYB on diverse populations

लाख शब्दावली (अंग्रेजी - हिंदी) Technical terms related to Lac

लाख शब्दावली (अंग्रेजी - हिंदी) Technical terms related to La

theCN.com: An Academic-cum-Social Networking Online Platform

This article is a review of theCN, an online virtual learning environment. CN is more than a learning management system, as it not only focuses on course content delivery and management, but takes it a step further by introducing the networking of courses and their content. In comparison with existing LMS’s, which are housed in closed walls with limited access to learners and instructors within institutions, used to merely manage courses online, CN is an open, free, academic and social networking framework scalable to massive numbers of learners from any place in the world within a single environment. CN is free for all to use across the globe. With some minor improvements, CN, as an LMS is surely one of very useful and helpful virtual learning technology tool available to distance learners and institutions to make learning entertaining and fruitful in achieving its learning objectives

Review of A-VIEW 3.5 software

The Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, situated in the State of Kerala (India), has developed the A-VIEW (Amrita Virtual Interactive e-learning World). This review of the various features of A-VIEW as a virtual classroom, from the point of view of a presenter as well as learner, commments the positive and useful features of AVIEW as well as some weaknesses

Zinc chloride promoted efficient and facile BOC protection of amines

1168-1172Amines are efficiently protected as their BOC derivatives under mild reaction conditions when reacted with BOC anhydride in presence of ZnCl2. The present method is applicable to a variety of amines including aliphatic, aromatic as well as heteroaromatic amines. This protocol appears to be competitive and in some cases superior to previously reported procedures that work under basic conditions. </span

Annual Report 2013-14 ICAR-VPKAS

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Influence of Different Culture Media on Growth and Sporulation of Colletotrichum capsici

Aim: To know the best culture media for growth and development of Colletotrichum capsici causing chilli anthracnose. Study Design: Twelve different culture media were selected and three replications were maintained. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur, Karnatka, which was carried out in the year 2021-2023. Methodology: The laboratory study was conducted to know the best nutrient media for the growth and sporulation of the pathogen. The pathogen was isolated from infected chilli fruit using tissue isolation technique and pure culture was maintained. Twelve different nutrient media were selected and tested for the growth and sporulation of the pathogen in three replications. Results: Among twelve media tested, Red chilli dextrose agar have promoted the maximum growth of C. capsici (90.0 mm), which was followed by carrot dextrose agar and potato carrot agar (89.50 mm). Green chilli extract agar significantly promoted minimum growth of C. capsici (33.50 mm), which was followed by red chilli extract agar (48.00 mm) and Sarbouraud’s agar (48.50 mm). The cultural characters were varied among the media. Conclusion: Potato dextrose agar and carrot dextrose agar media were proved to be best media for growth and sporulation of Colletotrichum capsica

RecA interacts with Klenow and enhances fidelity of DNA synthesis in vitro

To understand the molecular basis of RecA-mediated DNA-repair, we tested the replicative fidelity of the large fragment of Pol I (Klenow) in RecA-DNA complexes in vitro. Klenow synthesis was error-prone in naked DNA substrates but essentially error-free in RecA coated complexes. Escherichia coli SSB, causes no such improvement in Klenow fidelity. RecA filaments promote better exonucleolytic proofreading by Klenow than on naked DNA substrates at select sites when replication is "stalled" due to a missing dNTP. Addition of RecA to pyrene sulfonylchloride-labeled Klenow resulted in a specific increase in steady-state fluorescence anisotropy and a concomitant decrease in fluorescence lifetime. These observations suggest the possibility of a direct interaction between RecA and Klenow even in the absence of DNA which may mediate the observed improvement in Klenow fidelity