Le sionisme, Israël et la Palestine

Programme de l’année 2006-2007 : Origines et histoire du conflit israélo-palestinien, première partie : du milieu du xixe  siècle à 194

Le sionisme, Israël et la Palestine

Programme de l’année 2006-2007 : Origines et histoire du conflit israélo-palestinien, première partie : du milieu du xixe  siècle à 194

Use of adenoviral E1A protein to analyze K18 promoter deregulation in colon carcinoma cells discloses a role for CtBP1 and BRCA1

BACKGROUND: The promoter of the keratin 18 (K18) gene is 5- to 10-fold more active in tumorigenic (T-type) cell clones derived from the SW613-S human colon carcinoma cell line than in non-tumorigenic (NT-type) clones. We have reported previously that the mechanism responsible for this differential activity is acting on the minimal K18 promoter (TATA box and initiation site). This mechanism does not require the binding of a factor to a specific site on the DNA but involves the acetylation of a non-histone substrate. To get further insight into this mechanism, we investigated the effect of the adenovirus E1A protein on the activity of the K18 promoter, both in T and NT cells. RESULTS: Wild type adenovirus E1A protein and C-terminal deletion mutants inhibit the K18 promoter, specifically in T-type cells. The domain responsible for this inhibitory effect is located in the 12–25 region of the viral protein. E1A mutants that have lost this region but retain the PLDLS motif (the C-terminal binding site for CtBP1) stimulate the K18 promoter, specifically in NT cells. The inhibitory or stimulatory effects of the different E1A mutants are not dependent on a particular sequence of the promoter. An E1A N-terminal deletion mutant carrying point mutations in the PLDLS motif cannot stimulate the K18 promoter. CtBP1 interacts with CtIP, which is a known partner of BRCA1, itself a component of the RNA polymerase II holoenzyme. The stimulatory effect of two BRCA1 mutants, specifically in NT cells, implicates a tripartite BRCA1-CtIP-CtBP1 complex in the regulation of the K18 promoter. CONCLUSION: Since we have shown previously that the K18 promoter is stimulated by deacetylase inhibitors, specifically in NT cells, we conclude that the activity of the promoter is repressed in NT cells by a mechanism involving the recruitment, by a BRCA1/CtIP complex, of CtBP1 and associated deacetylases to the preinitiation complex. We propose a model depicting the mechanism responsible for the differential activity of the K18 promoter between T and NT cells of the SW613-S cell line

Métropoles, réseaux et services de proximité

Mémoire de fin d\u27étude du diplôme de conservateur, promotion DCB 20, portant sur la place des bibliothèques à l\u27heure des métropoles et de l\u27intercommunalité

CALLE LA MARINA Y ALAMEDA [Material gráfico]

FOTO POSTAL DE CALLE DE LA MARINA TENERIFE. DUPLICADO DE LA IMÁGENES Nº 2178 Y 2180Copia digital. Madrid : Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte. Subdirección General de Coordinación Bibliotecaria, 201

Construction et évaluation d’un livre électronique de connaissances sur la rhéologie

La rhéologie couvre différentes disciplines scientifiques, depuis les mathématiques jusqu’à la biologie,et trouve ses applications dans de nombreux domaines de l’activité humaine, du génie civil à la santé. C’est doncun domaine d’activités pluridisciplinaires qui recourt à des méthodes expérimentales ainsi qu’à des approchesformelles, pour établir des liens entre la structure de la matière, ses propriétés et les chemins de satransformation. Actuellement, plus de 300 chercheurs français, par leur adhésion au Groupe Français deRhéologie (GFR), déclarent une activité soutenue dans ce domaine. Pour favoriser le transfert des connaissancesproduites et la familiarisation, avec cette discipline, d’un public plus large, aussi bien étudiant qu’industriel, leGFR a proposé de réaliser une encyclopédie de la rhéologie, qui serait consultable via le Web. Ce travail a doncconsisté à : 1) recueillir les connaissances du domaine à partir de documents fournis par des membres du GFR,d'extraits d’ouvrages de référence1,2, et d'expertise des rhéologues participants au projet ; 2) représenter lesconnaissances recueillies sous des formats variés (graphe, texte, fonction mathématique, image…) ; 3) assemblerles connaissances représentées, dans un livre électronique de connaissances sous forme de cartes conceptuelles etde fiches de connaissances. Le livre, qui contient aujourd’hui une quarantaine de cartes conceptuelles et autantde fiches de connaissances est consultable à l’adresse : http://147.210.201.248/Rheologie/ (id: rheologie, pwd :rheo2013). Il a ensuite fait l’objet d’un test sur un échantillon d'un public (30 p. environ) non « rhéologues », detout genre et tous âges, avec des niveaux de formation variés (≥ L1), afin d’évaluer la désorientation, la chargecognitive et le niveau d’apprentissage induits par une consultation d’environ 1h selon un protocole précis. Lesrésultats montrent que la navigation est assez intuitive et que le niveau d’apprentissage, positif (>95%), seraitinversement corrélé au niveau de connaissances initial en rhéologie. Outre qu’il confirme que ceux qui ne saventrien en savent autant que ceux qui n’en savent pas plus qu’eux3, ce résultat montre bien que le livre deconnaissances est un bon outil d’initiation à la rhéologie

Sequence-based GWAS, network and pathway analyses reveal genes co-associated with milk cheese-making properties and milk composition in Montbéliarde cows

Background Milk quality in dairy cattle is routinely assessed via analysis of mid-infrared (MIR) spectra; this approach can also be used to predict the milk’s cheese-making properties (CMP) and composition. When this method of high-throughput phenotyping is combined with efficient imputations of whole-genome sequence data from cows’ genotyping data, it provides a unique and powerful framework with which to carry out genomic analyses. The goal of this study was to use this approach to identify genes and gene networks associated with milk CMP and composition in the Montbéliarde breed. Results Milk cheese yields, coagulation traits, milk pH and contents of proteins, fatty acids, minerals, citrate, and lactose were predicted from MIR spectra. Thirty-six phenotypes from primiparous Montbéliarde cows (1,442,371 test-day records from 189,817 cows) were adjusted for non-genetic effects and averaged per cow. 50 K genotypes, which were available for a subset of 19,586 cows, were imputed at the sequence level using Run6 of the 1000 Bull Genomes Project (comprising 2333 animals). The individual effects of 8.5 million variants were evaluated in a genome-wide association study (GWAS) which led to the detection of 59 QTL regions, most of which had highly significant effects on CMP and milk composition. The results of the GWAS were further subjected to an association weight matrix and the partial correlation and information theory approach and we identified a set of 736 co-associated genes. Among these, the well-known caseins, PAEP and DGAT1, together with dozens of other genes such as SLC37A1, ALPL, MGST1, SEL1L3, GPT, BRI3BP, SCD, GPAT4, FASN, and ANKH, explained from 12 to 30% of the phenotypic variance of CMP traits. We were further able to identify metabolic pathways (e.g., phosphate and phospholipid metabolism and inorganic anion transport) and key regulator genes, such as PPARA, ASXL3, and bta-mir-200c that are functionally linked to milk composition. Conclusions By using an approach that integrated GWAS with network and pathway analyses at the whole-genome sequence level, we propose candidate variants that explain a substantial proportion of the phenotypic variance of CMP traits and could thus be included in genomic evaluation models to improve milk CMP in Montbéliarde cows.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Sequence-based GWAS, network and pathway analyses reveal genes co-associated with milk cheese-making properties and milk composition in Montbéliarde cows

International audienceAbstractBackgroundMilk quality in dairy cattle is routinely assessed via analysis of mid-infrared (MIR) spectra; this approach can also be used to predict the milk’s cheese-making properties (CMP) and composition. When this method of high-throughput phenotyping is combined with efficient imputations of whole-genome sequence data from cows’ genotyping data, it provides a unique and powerful framework with which to carry out genomic analyses. The goal of this study was to use this approach to identify genes and gene networks associated with milk CMP and composition in the Montbéliarde breed.ResultsMilk cheese yields, coagulation traits, milk pH and contents of proteins, fatty acids, minerals, citrate, and lactose were predicted from MIR spectra. Thirty-six phenotypes from primiparous Montbéliarde cows (1,442,371 test-day records from 189,817 cows) were adjusted for non-genetic effects and averaged per cow. 50 K genotypes, which were available for a subset of 19,586 cows, were imputed at the sequence level using Run6 of the 1000 Bull Genomes Project (comprising 2333 animals). The individual effects of 8.5 million variants were evaluated in a genome-wide association study (GWAS) which led to the detection of 59 QTL regions, most of which had highly significant effects on CMP and milk composition. The results of the GWAS were further subjected to an association weight matrix and the partial correlation and information theory approach and we identified a set of 736 co-associated genes. Among these, the well-known caseins, PAEP and DGAT1, together with dozens of other genes such as SLC37A1, ALPL, MGST1, SEL1L3, GPT, BRI3BP, SCD, GPAT4, FASN, and ANKH, explained from 12 to 30% of the phenotypic variance of CMP traits. We were further able to identify metabolic pathways (e.g., phosphate and phospholipid metabolism and inorganic anion transport) and key regulator genes, such as PPARA, ASXL3, and bta-mir-200c that are functionally linked to milk composition.ConclusionsBy using an approach that integrated GWAS with network and pathway analyses at the whole-genome sequence level, we propose candidate variants that explain a substantial proportion of the phenotypic variance of CMP traits and could thus be included in genomic evaluation models to improve milk CMP in Montbéliarde cows

FROM’MIR : Développer des outils de prédiction et de conseil pour maîtriser la fromageabilité des laits destinés à la fabrication des fromages traditionnels franc-comtois

Ce volume regroupe les textes issus du programme Casdar "Innovation et Partenariat" et "Recherche finalisée et innovation" de 2014. Il a été réalisé sous l’égide du GIS Relance Agronomique.Mid-infrared spectroscopy prediction equations of the cheese-making properties of milk, established inthe Franche-Comté PDO/PGI context, exist for the first time in France. Laboratory curd yield in DryMatter was consistent with the yields observed in mini-manufactures of soft and pressed cookedcheeses and it is the best predicted parameter. Under our conditions, some coagulation properties suchas curd firmness could be estimated. The acidification properties, which heavily depend on themicrobiological component of milk, are poorly estimated. The best prediction performances wereobtained on individual cow milks. The performances were poorer on the scale of bulk milks, herd tankmilk but especially dairy vat milk. The study of variation factors made it possible to highlight theimportant weight of genetics with a high level of heritability and strong effects of the genome regionsinvolved. The quality and quantity of fodder and the distribution of calves were influential in the contextstudied. In this same context, few factors of variation have been identified at the scale of dairy vat milks,as the practices were very much governed by the PDO specifications. At the end of this project, anobservatory, from the quality of the milk to the quality of the cheese, will be set up in Franche Comté.Studies will also be carried out at the national level to consolidate and improve the equations in othercontexts.Des équations MIR (spectrométrie moyen infrarouge) d'estimation de la fromageabilité des laits,établies en contexte AOP/IGP franc-comtois, existent pour la première fois en France. Le rendementlaboratoire extrait sec (ES), cohérent avec les rendements observés en mini-fabrications de fromages àpâte molle et à pâte pressée cuite, est le paramètre le mieux prédit. Dans nos conditions, certainsaspects de l'aptitude à la coagulation enzymatique, comme la fermeté des gels, peuvent être estimés.L’aptitude à l’acidification, dépendant fortement de la composante microbiologique des laits, est quant àelle mal estimée. Les meilleures performances de prédiction sont obtenues sur les laits individuels devaches. Les performances sont moins bonnes à l’échelle des laits de mélange, des laits de troupeauxmais surtout des laits de cuves de fromagerie. L'étude des facteurs de variation a permis de mettre enévidence le poids important de la génétique avec un niveau d’héritabilité élevé et des effets forts desrégions du génome impliquées. La qualité et la quantité de fourrages ainsi que la répartition desvêlages sont influents dans le contexte étudié. Dans ce même contexte, peu de facteurs de variationont été mis en évidence à l’échelle des laits de cuves, les pratiques étant très encadrées par le cahierdes charges AOP. A l’issue de ce projet, un observatoire, depuis la qualité des laits jusqu’à celle desfromages, va être mis en place en Franche Comté. Des études seront aussi mises en œuvre au niveaunational pour permettre notamment une consolidation et une amélioration des équations dans d'autrescontextes