7,201 research outputs found
Robustness and modular design of the Drosophila segment polarity network
Biomolecular networks have to perform their functions robustly. A robust
function may have preferences in the topological structures of the underlying
network. We carried out an exhaustive computational analysis on network
topologies in relation to a patterning function in Drosophila embryogenesis. We
found that while the vast majority of topologies can either not perform the
required function or only do so very fragilely, a small fraction of topologies
emerges as particularly robust for the function. The topology adopted by
Drosophila, that of the segment polarity network, is a top ranking one among
all topologies with no direct autoregulation. Furthermore, we found that all
robust topologies are modular--each being a combination of three kinds of
modules. These modules can be traced back to three sub-functions of the
patterning function and their combinations provide a combinatorial variability
for the robust topologies. Our results suggest that the requirement of
functional robustness drastically reduces the choices of viable topology to a
limited set of modular combinations among which nature optimizes its choice
under evolutionary and other biological constraints.Comment: Supplementary Information and Synopsis available at
http://www.ucsf.edu/tanglab
Hadronic production of the -wave excited -states ()
Adopting the complete approach of the perturbative QCD (pQCD)
and updated parton distribution functions, we have estimated the hadronic
production of -wave excited -states (). In the estimate,
special care on the relation of the production amplitude to the derivative of
wave function at origin of the potential model is payed. For experimental
references, main uncertainties are discussed, and the total cross sections and
the distributions of the production with reasonable cuts at the energies of
Tevatron and LHC are computed and presented. The results show that -wave
production may contribute to the -meson production indirectly by a factor
about 0.5 of the direct production, and with such a big cross section, it is
worth further to study the possibility to observe the -wave production
itself experimentally.Comment: 23 pages, 9 figures, to replace for revising the misprints ec
Properties of the Molecular Cores of Low Luminosity Objects
We present a survey toward 16 Low Luminosity Objects (LLOs with an internal
luminosity, Lint, lower than 0.2 Lsun) with N2H+ (1-0), N2H+ (3-2), N2D+ (3-2),
HCO+ (3-2) and HCN (3-2) using the Arizona Radio Observatory Kitt Peak 12m
Telescope and Submillimeter Telescope. Our goal is to probe the nature of these
faint protostars which are believed to be either very low mass or extremely
young protostars. We find that the N2D+/N2H+ column density ratios of LLOs are
similar to those of typical starless cores and Class 0 objects. The N2D+/N2H+
column density ratios are relatively high (> 0.05) for LLOs with kinetic
temperatures less than 10 K in our sample. The distribution of N2H+ (1-0) line
widths spreads between that of starless cores and young Class 0 objects. If we
use the line width as a dynamic evolutionary indicator, LLOs are likely young
Class 0 protostellar sources. We further use the optically thick tracers, HCO+
(3-2) and HCN (3-2), to probe the infall signatures of our targets. We derive
the asymmetry parameters from both lines and estimate the infall velocities by
fitting the HCO+ (3-2) spectra with two-layer models. As a result, we identify
eight infall candidates based on the infall velocities and seven candidates
have infall signatures supported by asymmetry parameters from at least one of
HCO+ (3-2) and HCN (3-2).Comment: 15 pages, 8 figures, accepted to Ap
Analyzing the influential factors of industry 4.0 in precision machinery industry
Abstract. Nowadays the science and technology progresses not only create the change to have a big impact on various industries, but also stimulate Industry 4.0 being applied in the manufacturing industry to achieve manufacturing efficiency and to reduce its cost to increase additional values. This study uses the Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP) evaluation method, which considers four criteria layers: Internet of things factors, Automationfactors, Intelligent factors, Big data factors, and twelve influence factors in sub-layer are: perceived layer, network layer, application layer, field layer, management layer, control layer, process control visualization, system supervisory and control omni bearing, green energy manufacturing production, variety, volume, and velocity. Then, the relative risk indicator (RRI) is obtained by the Analytical Hierarchical Process method, and the overall risk indicator (ORI) can be obtained after introducing the evaluation value of each impact factor through the case. The research results confirm that the risk assessment values obtained the hierarchical analysis method are consistent. This research through the Analytic Hierarchy Process, then discusses Industry 4.0 pair of Taiwan's precision machinery industry management pattern institute emphatically face with target, expected will provide the existing machine manufacture industry as well as the future wants to invest the precision machine industry the management policy-maker reference value, also might take the government policy consideration factors and the machine manufacture industry scholars study the academic for reference.Keywords. Industry 4.0, Precision machine industry, Analytic Hierarchy Process.JEL. L22, M11, O14
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