Selector’s Guide for Resources in the Social Sciences: An Open Access Publication

Students in the Master of Library and Information Science at Valdosta State University who completed the elective course in Social Sciences Information Services in 2011 produced bibliographies on sub-disciplines of the social sciences. Each bibliography contains representative work in the areas of professional organizations, major serials, online indexes and databases, classic monographs, standard reference works, vetted websites, moving picture documentaries, special collections, and e-government resources. The compilers of this guide offer it as a teaching tool, not a textbook. They invite professors seeking a guide to the providers and formats of information in the social sciences to use the bibliographies therein as a starting point for creating assignments for students of library and information science

The effect of ice type on ice adhesion

To lower the ice adhesion strength is the most efficient technique for passive ice removal for several applications. In this paper, the effect of different types of ice on the ice adhesion strength was investigated. The ice types precipitation ice, in-cloud ice and bulk water ice on the same aluminum substrate and under similar environmental conditions were investigated. The ice adhesion strength was measured with a centrifugal adhesion test and varied from 0.78 ± 0.10 MPa for precipitation ice, 0.53 ± 0.12 MPa for in-cloud ice to 0.28 ± 0.08 MPa for bulk water ice. The results indicate that the ice adhesion strength inversely correlates with the density of ice. The results inspire a new strategy in icephobic surface development, specifically tailored to the relevant ice type

The relationship between water wetting and ice adhesion

Ice accretion on aircraft leads to difficulties in aircraft flight control due to weight increase and change in weight distribution. Conventionally these difficulties are overcome using anti-icing or de-icing products, such as freezing depressants and heating devices. A more cost effective way to solve these problems would be to use ice repellent surfaces (ice-phobic). As a first step in this direction the relationship between water wettability and ice adhesion was investigated. Using the appropriate chemistry and tailoring the surface roughness a variety of polycarbonate-coated surfaces were created: these included ultra-hydrophilic and ultra-hydrophobic surfaces and surfaces with surface properties in between the extreme ultra-surfaces. Ice adhesion tests and contact angle measurements indicated that the higher the contact angle the lower is the adhesion of ice. The best results were obtained in the case of ultra-hydrophobic surface treatment that led to an 18 fold decrease in ice adhesion compared to the untreated aluminum surface

State-of-the-art on power line de-icing

This paper presents a detailed review of the different de-icing techniques, already developed and in development, which could be applied to the conductors and wires of electric power lines. After a bibliographical search in various data banks, on de-icing processes, more than 30 techniques at different stages of development, capable of removing ice and assuring anti-icing protection, have been identified in different fields such as air and rail transport, electrical networks, telecommunications, etc. Although many techniques have not yet made it beyond the concept stage, some are used in several of the sectors previously mentioned. The following is a comparative evaluation of all these techniques, thermal, mechanical and passive, based on energy efficiency and practicability. It is recommended to favor the mechanical techniques over thermal methods that have been developed, but require more energy. Specific development projects and feasibility studies on the most attractive techniques have finally been identified as steps for progress in power line de-icing