High-Temperature, Low-Cycle Fatigue Behavior of Tantalum

High temperature, low cycle fatigue tests of tantalum in inert argon atmospher

Preference-for-Solitude and Adjustment Difficulties in Early and Late Adolescence

Social withdrawal has been associated with adjustment difficulties across development. Although much is known about shyness, little is known about preference-for-solitude; even less is known about its relations with adjustment across different periods of adolescence. We examined whether preference-for-solitude might be differentially associated with adjustment difficulties in early and late adolescence. Self- and parent-reports of withdrawal motivations and adjustment were collected from 234 eighth graders (113 boys; M age = 13.43) and 204 twelfth graders (91 boys; M age = 17.25). Results from structural equation modeling demonstrated that above and beyond the effects of shyness, preference-for-solitude was more strongly associated with adjustment difficulties in 8th grade than in 12th grade. Preference-for-solitude was associated with greater anxiety/depression, emotion dysregulation, and lower self-esteem in 8th grade; these relations were not found in 12th grade. Although preference-for-solitude was associated with lower social competence in both 8th and 12th grades, this relation was significantly stronger in 8th grade than in 12th grade. Findings suggest preference-for-solitude has closer ties to maladjustment in early adolescence than in late adolescence. Interventions targeting preferred-solitary youth in early adolescence may be particularly fruitfu

Réflexion psychodynamique : À propos d’une structure de personnalité toxicomaniaque spécifique à l’alcool et aux drogues dures

La surconsommation de substances psychotropes représente un problème majeur des sociétés contemporaines. Aux États-Unis, 14,1 % de la population âgée entre 15 et 54 ans a vécu des problèmes de dépendance à l'alcool au cours de la vie alors que 7,5 % des gens ont connu une dépendance à vie aux autres drogues (cannabis, cocaïne, stimulants, etc.). Plusieurs études rapportent que la consommation excessive d'alcool, concomitante ou non avec l'utilisation de drogues illégales, est associée à des conditions sociales favorisant le développement de la détresse psychologique et de l'isolement. Bien qu'il existe plusieurs recherches traitant des différences entre les traits de personnalité alcooliques et ceux des consommateurs de drogues dures, peu d'auteurs se sont penchés sur la possibilité de mettre en évidence une spécificité entre l'aménagement structurel de l'alcoolique et celui du dépendant aux autres drogues d'un point de vue psychodynamique. Cette recension des écrits, à caractère exploratoire, présente d'abord les travaux effectués afin d'identifier les traits de personnalités communs ou distincts à ces formes de toxicomanie. La réflexion porte ensuite sur les écrits psychodynamiques qui s'intéressent à la possibilité d'une organisation structurelle propre à la toxicomanie. Enfin, les auteurs proposent quelques réflexions permettant de postuler l'existence d'un aménagement structurel spécifique à ces deux formes de toxicomanie.The overconsumption of psychotropic substances is a major problem for contemporary societies. In the USA, 14,1% of the population between the age 15 and 54 have experienced addiction problems to alcohol during their lives while as 7,5% are addicted for life to other drugs (cannabis, cocaine, stimulants, etc). Many studies report that excessive consumption of alcohol, with or without illegal drug use, is associated to social conditions favoring the development of psychological distress and isolation. Although there are many studies on the differences between personality traits of alcoholics and drug users, few authors have examined the possibility to bring to the fore a specificity between the personality structures of the alcoholic and the drug user from a psychodynamic approach. This exploratory review of literature, first presents studies already conducted in order to identify common or distinct personality features for these types of addiction. This article then reviews psychodynamic writings examining the possibility of a structural organization that is specific to addiction. Finally, the authors propose a few thoughts allowing to postulate on the existence of a structural organization specific to these two types of addiction.El consumo abusivo de sustancias sicodélicas représenta un problema major de las sociedades contemporâneas. En los Estados Unidos, 14.1% de la poblaciôn entre 15 y 54 anos han vivido a Io largo de la vida problemas de dependencia al alcohol mientras que 7.5% de las personas han conocido una dependencia a vida de otras drogas (marihuana, cocaina, estimulantes, etc.). Varios estudios informan que el consumo excesivo del alcohol, acompanando o no de la utilizaciôn de drogas ilegales, esta asociado a condiciones sociales que favorecen el desarrollo de la angustia sicolôgica y del aislamiento. Aunque existen varias investigaciones que tratan de las diferencias entre los rasgos de la personalidad alcoholica y el de los consumidores de drogas duras, pocos autores se han preocupado de la posibilidad de evidenciar una especificidad entre un arreglo estructural del alcoholico y del adicto a las otras drogas, desde un punto de vista sicodinâmico. Esta resenciôn exploratoria de escritos, présenta primero los trabajos efectuados con el fin de identificar los rasgos de la personalidad comunes o distintos a estas formas de toxicomania. En seguida la reflexion es conducida a nivel de los escritos sicodinâmicos que se interesan en la posibilidad de una organization estructural propia a la toxicomania. En fin, este articulo propone algunas reflexiones que permiten postular la existencia de un arreglo estructural especifico a estas dos formas de toxicomania

A Longitudinal Study of Moral, Religious, and Identity Development in a Christian Liberal Arts Environment

Moral, religious, and identity development were assessed in a longitudinal study by sampling students enrolled at a Christian liberal arts college during their first semester, and again 3 1/2 years later. Those who continued enrollment to their senior year (persisters) were found to make greater gains in moral reasoning and greater movement toward identity achievement than those who did not continue enrollment (nonpersisters). Persisters were also found to decline significandy in religious well-being, particularly females, and extrinsic religiosity, while not changing in Shepherd scores or in intrinsic religiosity. Nonpersisters were found to increase significantly in intrinsic religiosity. Significant differences were found between students of different identity statuses in moral reasoning and religiosity. Results also indicate that identity status interacts with development of moral reasoning and religiosity, with those at the identity achievement or moratorium level gaining the most in moral reasoning and showing more positive changes in religiosity