In-water reflectance spectra measured on-board a jet-ski across a complex nearshore zone of case-2 waters during the ECORS experiment

International audienceIn situ reflectance spectra have been measured during the international field experiment ECORS-Truc Vert 2008 (SW France) in the nearshore zone over a complex bathymetry and in moderately turbid waters (SPM 7 m). The jet-ski provides a valuable mean to gather optical data in shallow waters and in environments hard to sample with traditional coastal ships. Main results show reflectance spectra are typical of the presence of mineral particles with light absorption at short wavelengths. The shape and magnitude of the spectra are also very representative of the type of waters and bottom depth : the maximum of reflectance is reached around 500 nm in low turbidity waters (SPM<1 mg/l) while moving to the yellow spectral band (570-580 nm) in moderately turbid shallow waters (SPM=4 mg/l) where rip currents drive sediments outside the surf zone. A very original dataset has been obtained considering the synchronization of optical data, bathymetric surveys and Formosat-2 high resolution satellite image all collected the same day (5 April 2008). In the present study, this dataset is tested to inverse optical models for bathymetry retrieval in order to compute diachronic bathymetric maps as the coastline is changing very fast and need frequent updates of the bathymetry

Cartographie des faciès bio-sédimentaires du Bassin d’Arcachon à partir de l’imagerie FORMOSAT-2

This study presents the first results of an ongoing research program that aims to derive thematic maps of the intertidal lagoon of Arcachon (SW Atlantic coast of France) from space imagery. At this stage, we present the results of the tests performed on Formosat-2 imagery. Several classification strategies have been tried with the aim to discriminate the sedimentary facies and the main species of the lagoon. The classes calculated by an optimized unsupervised clustering method, based on simulated annealing global minimization technique, were used to train a supervised classification algorithm. This approach allowed us to derive a bio-sedimentary map which overall accuracy is about 84%. Also, this method has the advantage of describing the fraction of vegetation cover of the seagrass.Cette étude présente les premiers résultats d’un vaste programme de recherche qui ambitionne de définir une méthode de cartographie des platiers intertidaux du Bassin d’Arcachon (France) par télédétection. Les résultats présentés ici concernent les tests effectués sur l’imagerie Formosat-2 dans le but de discriminer les sédiments et les principales espèces végétales de la lagune. Le résultat d'une classification non supervisée optimisée par la méthode du recuit simulé est ensuite utilisé pour entraîner une classification par minimum de distance. Cette approche permet d’obtenir une carte des faciès bio-sédimentaires dont la précision est estimée à plus de 84 %. Cette méthode présente, en outre, un excellent potentiel pour la détermination du pourcentage de couvert végétal des herbiers à zostères

Classification and mapping of saltmarsh vegetation combining multispectral images with field data

Salt marshes are areas of high conservation value encompassing diverse ecological gradients responsible for creating unique vegetation structure and composition. In complement to the large body of studies developing vegetation mapping methods through the use of remote sensing data, we tested for the possibility of developing a cost-effective method to map salt marsh vegetation as a basis for monitoring a French Nature Reserve. Using classical multivariate ordination and cluster analyses, accurate and ecologically relevant vegetation groups matching existing typologies were determined from a vegetation database collected for management and conservation rather than mapping purposes. This resulted in six distinct vegetation groups, which were mapped through the combination of the NIR spectral band and radiometric indices (NDVI and NDWI) derived from multispectral 2 m-resolution satellite images (Pleiades images). The addition of a LiDAR-derived digital elevation model (DEM) layer was also tested. The final classified map of the reserve based only on optical layers had an overall accuracy of 75.5% (Kappa coefficient of 0.71), with varying success between the different vegetation groups. The addition of the DEM slightly decreased map accuracy to 73.6% (Kappa of 0.68). Decreasing the number of records used for map training had detectable negative effects on map accuracy. This study demonstrated that using already existing field observations combined with only a few spectral bands and radiometric indices from multi-temporal multispectral images with a high spatial resolution can be used as a basis to aid in vegetation classification and mapping of saltmarsh habitats, with the goal of monitoring their dynamics

Cartographie de l’herbier du bassin d’Arcachon par télédétection spatiale : potentiel pour le suivi d’un indicateur DCE

Seagrass Mapping from Satellite Remote Sensing : A New Strategy for Monitoring a WDF indicator The Water Framework Directive (WFD) requires that all inland and coastal waters within defined river basin districts must reach at least good status by 2015. With this aim, it is recommended (1) to classify the status of each water body according to several ecological quality standards ; (2) to implement operational monitoring techniques in order to evaluate long term changes and to identify the reasons for the observed modifications. Arcachon lagoon (France) is defined as a coastal water body. Among the ecological compartments addressed by the WFD, the aquatic vegetation status must be established in terms of diversity, abundance and spatial extent. This latter aspect is probably the most difficult to derive at the scale of such a large entity, unless comprehensive remote sensing observation tools are used. Recently, a thematic map of the lagoon has been realised using high resolution satellite imagery. The image processing has been validated using in situ observations and assess cover extent and rate. This map shows the spatial distribution of seagrass meadows in summer 2007 together with the vegetation cover and represents the initial status required by the WFD. The objective of the present study is to apply this mapping strategy to a series of satellite images acquired between 2003 and 2006 with the aim (1) to assess the seasonal to interannual variability of seagrass meadows and the actual trends ; (2) to propose an operational tool for intertidal seagrass monitoring.La Directive Cadre sur l’Eau (DCE) fixe l'objectif d’atteindre, à l’horizon 2015, le bon état des différents milieux aquatiques sur tout le territoire européen. Dans ce but, il est préconisé (1) d’établir, pour chaque masse d’eau, un état des lieux initial permettant sa classification par rapport aux conditions de référence sur plusieurs compartiments biologiques ; (2) de définir des outils opérationnels afin d’évaluer les changements à long terme et d'identifier les causes de modification. Le Bassin d’Arcachon (France) entre dans la catégorie des masses d’eau côtières. Parmi les compartiments biologiques retenus comme éléments de qualité par la DCE, l’état de la flore aquatique doit être estimé en termes de diversité, d’abondance et de couverture spatiale. Ce dernier aspect est l’un des plus difficiles à appréhender à l’échelle d’une lagune aussi vaste, et la télédétection spatiale paraît ainsi être un des outils les plus appropriés. Une méthode de cartographie des herbiers intertidaux a récemment été réalisée par imagerie satellite haute définition et validée par observation in situ. Elle présente la possibilité d'accéder à leur extension spatiale ainsi qu'au taux de recouvrement de l'herbier. Une carte de l'état de l'herbier, en réponse à la première exigence de la DCE, a donc été extraite pour l'été 2007. La présente étude vise à étendre cette méthode de cartographie à une série d''images d'archive sur la période 2003-2006 afin (1) de replacer l'état actuel de l'herbier dans le double contexte de son évolution saisonnière à interannuelle ; (2) de proposer une solution opérationnelle pour la surveillance des herbiers des lagunes intertidales.Lafon Virginie, Dehouck Aurélie, Montaudouin Xavier de, Marieu Vincent, Blanchet Hugues, Froidefond Jean-Marie. Cartographie de l’herbier du bassin d’Arcachon par télédétection spatiale : potentiel pour le suivi d’un indicateur DCE. In: 31èmes Journées de l’Hydraulique de la Société Hydrotechnique de France. Morphodynamique et gestion des sédiments dans les estuaires, les baies et les deltas. 22 et 23 SEPTEMBRE 2009. 2009

Dynamique des panaches de la Gironde et de l’Adour par imagerie MODIS

Gironde and Adour plume dynamics using MODIS imagery. The Bay of Biscay is directly influenced by the Gironde and Adour turbid plumes, that allow the transport of terrestrial contaminants to the coastal zone. There, bacteriological, organic, metal, …, pollutants have short-and medium-term impacts on water quality and henceforth on public health. The suspended particulate matter (SPM) transported by these plumes are caracterised by a beige colour that can be detected from ocean colour satellite data. Ocean colour MODIS satellite data are widely used by Bordeaux 1 University teams (UMR EPOC, GEO Transfert) to study the coastal waters in the South-West Bay of Biscay. The main objective of this presentation is to provide a synthesis of their recent researches that aimed at (1) characterising the dispersion of the Gironde and Adour plumes, (2) understanding their dynamics, (3) estimating their SPM concentration, all three as a function of environmental forcing (freshwater discharge, wind and tide). The results of these studies show that satellite imagery is useful to validate river plume numerical models. Also, they demonstrate that coastal water quality can be monitored using satellite observations. Therefore, frequent delivery of surface SPM maps coupled with a short-term prediction system could be efficient for bathing area management.Les eaux du Golfe de Gascogne sont directement influencées par les apports fluviaux de la Gironde et de l'Adour. Les panaches issus de ces fleuves favorisent le transfert vers le littoral de polluants bactériologiques, organiques, métalliques, …, qui ont un impact, à court et moyen termes, sur la qualité sanitaire des eaux de baignade et des zones de production aquacole. Généralement très riches en suspensions minérales terrigènes (MES), les eaux dessalées des panaches flottant à la surface des eaux marines sont caractérisées par une couleur beige qui peut être détectée par les capteurs satellites de la couleur de l’eau. L'objectif de cette présentation est de synthétiser les résultats des recherches menées en télédétection optique par l'UMR EPOC et GEO Transfert pour caractériser la dispersion des panaches de la Gironde et de l’Adour, pour comprendre leur dynamique respective et pour déterminer leur concentration en MES, en fonction des forçages environnementaux (débit, vent et marée). Si les observations issues de l''imagerie satellitale MODIS seront utiles pour valider les modèles numériques des panaches, cette étude montre, en outre, qu''un système efficace de surveillance de la qualité des eaux côtières pourrait être envisagé, accompagné d''un système de prédiction à court terme utile notamment à la gestion des zones de baignade.Lafon Virginie, Petus Caroline, Dabrin Aymeric, Froidefond Jean-Marie, Doxaran David, Maneux Eric, Castaing Patrice. Dynamique des panaches de la Gironde et de l’Adour par imagerie MODIS. In: 31èmes Journées de l’Hydraulique de la Société Hydrotechnique de France. Morphodynamique et gestion des sédiments dans les estuaires, les baies et les deltas. 22 et 23 SEPTEMBRE 2009. 2009

In Vivo Cosmetic Product Efficacy Testing by Analyzing Epidermal Proteins Extracted from Tape Strips

The objective of this in vivo pilot study was to investigate whether differential biomarker analysis from skin tape strips could be used, not only to evaluate the difference between treated and untreated skin, but also to evaluate the effect of different product treatments. Ten volunteers were included in the study, applying two different basic formulations on their forearms. After four weeks of product application, and also after one week of treatment remission, tape strips were collected from the different treatment sites, as well as from untreated skin. The biomarkers investigated were selected to cover different aspects of epidermal differentiation and in connection with moisturization and barrier function. Levels of Involucrin were increased in both treatments, compared to untreated skin, whereas the levels of Keratin-6 were decreased for both treatments. In addition, a pattern for increased levels of Hornerin and Claudin-1 was also detected. There were no significant differences between the two treatments, only for treatment compared to untreated, but there were tendencies for different effect on some of the biomarkers investigated, differences that may reach significance with increased sample size. The major differences between the two treatments in this study were seen after one week of product remission, although due to too small sample size these differences were not significant

Cartographie des habitats naturels des estrans et zones humides littorales

A l’interface entre terre et mer, les zones humides littorales sont des environnements dont le fonctionnement écosystémique est contraint par les forçages climatiques et anthropiques. Par le biais des directives européennes et des plans de gestion, ces milieux sont suivis et cartographiés à échéance régulière dans le but d’asseoir leur état écologique. Différentes stratégies de cartographie basées sur l’exploitation d’images satellite sont adoptées selon les objectifs à atteindre : (1) cartographie exhaustive des faciès/habitats intertidaux (type Natura 2000), (2) cartographie de l’herbier à Zostera noltii (Directive Cadre sur l’Eau), (3) cartographie des habitats des prés-salés, (4) suivi de l’évolution naturelle des paysages et de la végétation en lien avec des événements accidentels ou volontaires (actions de dépoldérisation)

A semantic representation of EO data for image retrieval based on natural language queries

SEO-DWARF (Semantic Earth Observation Data Web Alert and Retrieval Framework) is a project funded by the European Union Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme. The main objective of the project is to realize the content-based search of Earth Observation (EO) images on an application specific basis. The satellite images, which come from EO satellites such as Sentinels 1, 2 and 3, as well as ENVISAT, are distributed with few correlated meta-data which do not describe the phenomena and the objects included in the image. Innovative approaches to process remote sensing images can extract relevant information which semantically describes the land type, the region area border, objects and events such as oil spill. This information can be modeled as structured information through ontologies to be processed by algorithms to perform information retrieval and filtering. The proposed system is aware of the semantic elements which are relevant for final user and will be able to answer natural language queries such as "Show me the images of the Mediterranean Sea which include an algal bloom". The possibility to retrieve a specific set of land images starting from a query expressed by a final user can quickly increase the interoperability and the diffusion of applications able to efficiently use EO data. In this work, we present a brief overview of the most successful application of this formalization strategy focusing on the tools and approaches for creating a robust and efficient domain geo-ontology. Furthermore, we describe the approach adopted to define the specific ontology used in the SEO-DWARF project, including the strategy adopted for implementing and populating it

Serpin B1 defect and increased apoptosis of neutrophils in Cohen syndrome neutropenia

International audienc