The Integrated Assessment as the main goal for achieving an Ecosystem Approach to Management in the Western European Shelf Seas

Providing regional integrated ecosystem assessments (IEA) is a key challenge identified in the ICES Strategic Plan (2014-2018). IEAs are seen as a fundamental link between advice and ecosystem science inachieving Ecosystem Based Management (EBM).While EBM is not a new concept, difficulties in achieving such an ambitious goal have been highlighted by the extensive work conducted in this area. The implementation of new regulation policies, such as the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) and the reformed Common Fisheries Policy (CFP) in Europe,have challenged the scientific community to rapidly react despite these difficulties and provide scientific advice to support management decisions concerning these policies. RegionalICES groups have been tasked with developing methods and tools for IEA in their corresponding ecoregions; this is the case of the Working Group on Ecosystem Assessment of Western European Shelf Seas (WGEAWESS). The role of this group is to implement, and test tools and methods for the advisory process, focusing on the North Atlantic European continental shelf, including Celtic Seas, Bay of Biscay and Iberian Waters. In this presentation we show the progress made within this WG during its initial three years of activity, in relation to some of the terms of reference already addressed. An adaptation of the ODEMM framework has been selected as a tool for identifying a) links between components, processes, pressures and states, and b) gaps in data availability and indicator implementation. Some preliminary results of a first IEA exercise will also been shownwith emphasis onthe MSFD descriptors D1 (biological diversity) and D4 (food webs)

Elastin-derived peptides potentiate atherosclerosis through the immune Neu1-PI3Kγ pathway

Aims Elastin is degraded during vascular ageing and its products, elastin-derived peptides (EP), are present in the human blood circulation. EP binds to the elastin receptor complex (ERC) at the cell surface, composed of elastin-binding protein (EBP), a cathepsin A and a neuraminidase 1. Some in vitro functions have clearly been attributed to this binding, but the in vivo implications for arterial diseases have never been clearly investigated. Methods and results Here, we demonstrate that chronic doses of EP injected into mouse models of atherosclerosis increase atherosclerotic plaque size formation. Similar effects were observed following an injection of a VGVAPG peptide, suggesting that the ERC mediates these effects. The absence of phosphoinositide 3-kinase γ (PI3Kγ) in bone marrow-derived cells prevented EP-induced atherosclerosis development, demonstrating that PI3Kγ drive EP-induced arterial lesions. Accordingly, in vitro studies showed that PI3Kγ was required for EP-induced monocyte migration and ROS production and that this effect was dependent upon neuraminidase activity. Finally, we showed that degradation of elastic lamellae in LDLR−/− mice fed an atherogenic diet correlated with atherosclerotic plaque formation. At the same time, the absence of the cathepsin A-neuraminidase 1 complex in cells of the haematopoietic lineage abolished atheroma plaque size progression and decreased leucocytes infiltration, clearly demonstrating the role of this complex in atherogenesis and suggesting the involvement of endogenous EP. Conclusion Altogether, this work identifies EP as an enhancer of atherogenesis and defines the Neuraminidase 1/PI3Kγ signalling pathway as a key mediator of this function in vitro and in viv

Different bottom trawl fisheries have a differential impact on the status of the North Sea seafloor habitats

Fisheries using bottom trawls are the most widespread source of anthropogenic physical disturbance to seafloor habitats. To mitigate such disturbances, the development of fisheries-, conservation-, and ecosystem-based management strategies requires the assessment of the impact of bottom trawling on the state of benthic biota. We explore a quantitative and mechanistic framework to assess trawling impact. Pressure and impact indicators that provide a continuous pressure–response curve are estimated at a spatial resolution of 1 χ 1 min latitude and longitude (~2 km2) using three methods: L1 estimates the proportion of the community with a life span exceeding the time interval between trawling events; L2 estimates the decrease in median longevity in response to trawling; and population dynamic (PD) estimates the decrease in biomass in response to trawling and the recovery time. Although impact scores are correlated, PD has the best performance over a broad range of trawling intensities. Using the framework in a trawling impact assessment of ten métiers in the North Sea shows that muddy habitats are impacted the most and coarse habitats are impacted the least. Otter trawling for crustaceans has the highest impact, followed by otter trawling for demersal fish and beam trawling for flatfish and flyshooting. Beam trawling for brown shrimps, otter trawling for industrial fish, and dredging for molluscs have the lowest impact. Trawling is highly aggregated in core fishing grounds where the status of the seafloor is low but the catch per unit of effort (CPUE) per unit of impact is high, in contrast to peripheral grounds, where CPUE per unit of impact is low.</p

International Bottom Trawl Survey Working Group (IBTSWG). ICES Scientific Reports, 04:65

The International Bottom Trawl Survey Working Group (IBTSWG) coordinates fishery-independent bottom trawl surveys in the ICES area in the Northeast Atlantic and the North Sea. These long-term monitoring surveys provide data for stock assessments and facilitate examina-tion of changes in fish distribution and relative abundance. The group also promotes the stand-ardization of fishing gears and methods as well as survey coordination. This report summarizes the national contributions in 2021–2022 and plans for the 2022–2023 surveys coordinated by IBTSWG

Climate-induced changes in the suitable habitat of cold-water corals and commercially important deep-sea fishes in the North Atlantic

The deep sea plays a critical role in global climate regulation through uptake and storage of heat and carbon dioxide. However, this regulating service causes warming, acidification and deoxygenation of deep waters, leading to decreased food availability at the seafloor. These changes and their projections are likely to affect productivity, biodiversity and distributions of deep-sea fauna, thereby compromising key ecosystem services. Understanding how climate change can lead to shifts in deep-sea species distributions is critically important in developing management measures. We used environmental niche modelling along with the best available species occurrence data and environmental parameters to model habitat suitability for key cold-water coral and commercially important deep-sea fish species under present-day (1951–2000) environmental conditions and to project changes under severe, high emissions future (2081–2100) climate projections (RCP8.5 scenario) for the North Atlantic Ocean. Our models projected a decrease of 28%–100% in suitable habitat for cold-water corals and a shift in suitable habitat for deep-sea fishes of 2.0°–9.9° towards higher latitudes. The largest reductions in suitable habitat were projected for the scleractinian coral Lophelia pertusa and the octocoral Paragorgia arborea, with declines of at least 79% and 99% respectively. We projected the expansion of suitable habitat by 2100 only for the fishes Helicolenus dactylopterus and Sebastes mentella (20%–30%), mostly through northern latitudinal range expansion. Our results projected limited climate refugia locations in the North Atlantic by 2100 for scleractinian corals (30%–42% of present-day suitable habitat), even smaller refugia locations for the octocorals Acanella arbuscula and Acanthogorgia armata (6%–14%), and almost no refugia for P. arborea. Our results emphasize the need to understand how anticipated climate change will affect the distribution of deep-sea species including commercially important fishes and foundation species, and highlight the importance of identifying and preserving climate refugia for a range of area-based planning and management tools.S

Interactions entre comportement et variations de la croissance des juvéniles de la sole (Solea solea) dans les nourriceries des pertuis Charentais.

This thesis aimed to identify and analyse processes involved in the functioning of sole Solea solea (L.)nurseries in the Pertuis Charentais, the most important oyster cultivation basin in Europe and a major nursery forthe Bay of Biscay sole. Juveniles concentrate in coastal and estuarine habitats, which are essential in the biologicalcycle of this species but implies (i) adaptation to environmental variability and (ii), accessibility to habitat resources.Assuming that effective nurseries account for what fish must perform in response to habitat constraints, especiallyin selecting feeding, resting or refuge areas, we used both field works and mesocosm experiments to obtainintegrative indicators of the nursery quality (growth rate, Fulton's condition index, endocrine status), andbehavioural responses of how sole use space (acoustic telemetry techniques) and food (feeding regime andcarbon daily ration estimates) in a habitat influenced by shellfish culture.Juvenile growth curves in the pertuis Breton were close to the species maximum in summer but they tended to aplateau around the autumn equinox. A mesocosm experiment confirmed that in situ temperatures could not explainthis growth arrest. At the same time, juveniles had low condition indices, the weakest thyroid hormone levels andthe lowest feeding activity. This status suggested various constraints, which could be specific to Pertuis, semienclosedbays under moderate river plume influence. It seemed that the Pertuis environment is less favourable atthe end of summer and/or that cumulated effects on the trophic web do not allow the entire 0 group soles to growaccording to species potentialities. Nevertheless, in the present climatic context, some of these juveniles wereshown to over-winter in these nurseries, where they recovered high hormonal levels and restored their feedingactivity. Under the Pertuis environmental constraints, sole growth was modulated, but behaviour did not appearmodified. A mesocosm experiment, whose results still need field assessment, demonstrated that access to areasunder oyster culture influence was not restricted, either by oyster-trestle effects or by water and bottom changesdue to shellfish biological activity. From two 30h sampling cycles performed in the Pertuis d'Antioche, wedemonstrated that young sole were able to adjust their activity rhythm and feeding rates, probably due tohydrodynamics, in relation to fortnightly tide cycles or wind stress. These cycles allowed us to evaluate the dailyration of organic carbon of sole juveniles, results which would contribute to the development of trophic web models.Finally, as spin-off of this thesis, a heavy infestation of the Pertuis Charentais by bucephalid metacercariae wasrevealed. Cercariae being propagated by mussel culture, this parasitosis gave a new point of view concerning theinteraction between nursery function in coastal habitats and shellfish culture.L'objectif de cette thèse était d'identifier certains processus liés au fonctionnement des nourriceries de lasole Solea solea (L.) dans les pertuis Charentais, bassin ostréicole de 1er rang européen et nourriceries majeurespour la sole du golfe de Gascogne. Les juvéniles de la sole dépendent d'habitats côtiers et estuariens, ce quiimplique (i) une capacité d'adaptation à la variabilité environnementale de ces milieux et (ii), l'accès à l'intégralitéd'un habitat essentiel au cycle biologique de l'espèce. La nourricerie réalisée rend compte des ajustements que lepoisson doit opérer entre les contraintes liées à l'habitat et sa capacité à gérer ces contraintes, à travers lasélection des aires de nourrissage, de repos et de refuge. Couplant travaux de terrains et expériences enmésocosme, des méthodes basées sur des estimateurs intégratifs ont été retenues, taux de croissance, indice decondition de Fulton et statut endocrine de ces poissons. Ces résultats ont été confrontés à une approchecomportementale visant à déterminer comment les soles utilisent l'espace (pistage par télémétrie acoustique) etaccèdent à la nourriture (régime alimentaire et estimation de la ration en équivalent carbone) dans un habitat sousinfluence conchylicole.La croissance des juvéniles du pertuis Breton, sub-maximale durant la période de croissance rapide, tendvers un plateau autour de l'équinoxe d'automne. Une expérience en mésocosme confirme que la température insitu ne peut entraîner ce ralentissement de la croissance. Or en même temps, ces juvéniles présentent unecondition médiocre, les niveaux d'hormones thyroïdiennes circulantes les plus faibles et l'activité alimentaire la plusbasse de l'année. Cet état suggère des contraintes propres à la mer des Pertuis, système de baies semi-ferméessous influence modérée de panaches estuariens. Il semble qu'un environnement marin moins favorable en fin d'étéet/ou des effets en cascade sur le réseau trophique ne permettent pas à l'intégralité de la classe d'âge 0 d'y grandiren fonction des potentialités de l'espèce. Dans le contexte climatique actuel néanmoins, une partie d'entre eux estcapable d'hiverner dans ces nourriceries où ils recouvrent des niveaux hormonaux élevés et restaurent leur activitéalimentaire. Les contraintes environnementales des pertuis Charentais, si elles sont d'ordre à moduler lacroissance des soles, ne semblent pas altérer leur comportement. Nous avons pu montrer par une expérience enmésoscosme que ni l'effet des structures d'élevage, ni celui des modifications d'habitat liées à la biodéposition nerestreignent l'accès aux zones placées sous emprises ostréicoles. Vérifier ces résultats en mer sera nécessaireavant de conclure que les juvéniles accèdent à l'intégralité des nourriceries dans les pertuis Charentais. Toutefois,deux cycles d'alimentation de 30 h dans le pertuis d'Antioche démontrent la capacité de très jeunes soles à ajusterleurs rythmes d'activité et l'intensité de la prise alimentaire selon, vraisemblablement, le contexte hydrodynamique,qu'il soit imposé par le cycle des marées de quinzaine ou par le vent. Cela a également permis une premièreestimation de la ration journalière des jeunes soles en carbone organique, ce qui permettra de compléter lesmodèles de réseau trophique actuellement développés. Enfin, l'infestation importante des soles des pertuis par lesmétacercaires d'un Bucephalidae, enkystées dans différents organes sensibles, révèle des interactions biotiquesinattendues. Les cercaires de ce parasite étant propagées par les élevages de moules, cette parasitose donne unnouvel éclairage aux interactions existant entre la fonction de nourricerie des habitats côtiers et la conchyliculture

Prévention des échecs esthétiques en prothèse implantaire

MONTPELLIER-BU Médecine (341722104) / SudocMONTPELLIER-BU Médecine UPM (341722108) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocMONTPELLIER-BU Odontologie (341722110) / SudocSudocFranceF

Imagerie radiologique dans les thérapeutiques implantaires

MONTPELLIER-BU Médecine UPM (341722108) / SudocMONTPELLIER-BU Odontologie (341722110) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocMONTPELLIER-BU Médecine (341722104) / SudocSudocFranceF