Malnutrition in hospitalised patients; a real concern in surgical outcomes

Background:Lack of appropriate nutritional support during hospitalization may worsen patients’ nutritional status and increases risk for infection, organ failure, decreased wound healing and suboptimal response to regular medical treatment. The prevalence and intensity of hospital malnutrition have been recognized as an important parameter in the outcome of disease. The study aimed at to determine incidence of malnutrition in hospitalized patients, the change in nutrition status during hospital stay and its effects on outcome of disease.Methods: It was a prospective study and conducted at a tertiary care hospital. Total 70 patients were studied. Each patient's nutritional status was determined from anthropometric data - body mass index, triceps skinfold thickness, mid-arm circumference, mid arm muscle circumference, MNA scoring, serum protein level changes during hospital stay. The next recording was done at 15 days and 30 days after discharge. Student’s t is test used for statistical analysis.Results:The statistical difference for various parameters of nutritional status was found significant at admission and discharge.Conclusions: The change in various parameter of nutritional status was observed in hospitalized patients. The treatment should be aimed at treating specific disorders along with nutritional correction. It is recommended to have dietary plans at the time of admission in consultation with the dietician.

Molecular Pathogenesis of Preeclampsia: MicroRNA Hypothesis

The discovery of micro RNA (miRNA) in 1993 by Ambros and colleagues has a huge influence in pathogenesis theory, diagnosis and treatment approach of some diseases. Some studies have conducted to seek the association alterations of miRNA expression to incidences and severity of preeclampsia (PE). We have reviewed some studies that conducted to seek the association of miRNA and PE and we discussed the role of various miRNAs in PE pathogenesis. In summary, we have shown that many researchers have given evident that the different placental and plasma miRNA expression is associated with PE. Some studies also identified the novel candidate of miRNAs (and their pathways) that may be of etiologic relevance in the pathogenesis of PE. Base on review, specific miRNA have a role to down regulate of anti apoptosis genes, regulate angiogenics growth factors such as angiogenin, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) B (VEGF-β), cysteine-rich 61 (CYR61), Placental growth factor (PlGF) and VEGF-A that have a role in angiogenesis. miRNA also have a role in survival, migration, and capillary tube formation of HUVEC by targeted of c-kit. Some miRNAs target genes that participate in immunologic dysfunction, cell adhesion, cell cycle, and signaling. miRNA also have a roles in endothelial cell response to hypoxia, cell differentiation, and survival. A miRNA influence calcium signaling through negative regulations of the calmodulin-coding mRNAs, Mef2a and Gata4, mainly in smooth muscle cells that contribute to PE pathogenesis. These investigations provide novel targets for further investigation of the pathogenesis of PE and these differential miRNAs may be potential markers for the diagnosis and provide a potential therapeutic target for PE. Further investigations on posttranscriptional regulation in PE to evaluate biologic effects of identified miRNAs (including confirmations of miRNA and target gene interactions) are neede

Loop Quantum Cosmology: A Status Report

The goal of this article is to provide an overview of the current state of the art in loop quantum cosmology for three sets of audiences: young researchers interested in entering this area; the quantum gravity community in general; and, cosmologists who wish to apply loop quantum cosmology to probe modifications in the standard paradigm of the early universe. An effort has been made to streamline the material so that, as described at the end of section I, each of these communities can read only the sections they are most interested in, without a loss of continuity.Comment: 138 pages, 15 figures. Invited Topical Review, To appear in Classical and Quantum Gravity. Typos corrected, clarifications and references adde

LHC Magnet Tests: Operational Techniques and Empowerment for Successful Completion

The LHC magnet tests operation team developed various innovative techniques, particularly since early 2004, to complete the superconductor magnet tests by Feb. 2007. Overall and cryogenic priority handling, rapid on-bench thermal cycling, rule-based goodness evaluation on round-the-clock basis, multiple, mashed web systems are some of these techniques applied with rigour for successful tests completion in time. This paper highlights these operation empowerment tools which had a pivotal role for success. A priority handling method was put in place to enable maximum throughput from twelve test benches, having many different constraints. For the cryogenics infrastructure, it implied judicious allocation of limited resources to the benches. Rapid On-Bench Thermal Cycle was a key strategy to accelerate magnets tests throughput, saving time and simplifying logistics. First level magnet appraisal was developed for 24 hr decision making so as to prepare a magnet further for LHC or keep it on standby. Web based systems (Tests Management and E-Traveller) were other essential ideas to track & coordinate various stages of tests handled by different teams

Novel internal regulators and candidate miRNAs within miR-379/miR-656 miRNA cluster can alter cellular phenotype of human glioblastoma

Clustered miRNAs can affect functioning of downstream pathways due to possible coordinated function. We observed 78-88% of the miR-379/miR-656 cluster (C14MC) miRNAs were downregulated in three sub-types of diffuse gliomas, which was also corroborated with analysis from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) datasets. The miRNA expression levels decreased with increasing tumor grade, indicating this downregulation as an early event in gliomagenesis. Higher expression of the C14MC miRNAs significantly improved glioblastioma prognosis (Pearson’s r=0.62; p<3.08e-22). ENCODE meta-data analysis, followed by reporter assays validated existence of two novel internal regulators within C14MC. CRISPR activation of the most efficient internal regulator specifically induced members of the downstream miRNA sub-cluster and apoptosis in glioblastoma cells. Luciferase assays validated novel targets for miR-134 and miR-485-5p, two miRNAs from C14MC with the most number of target genes relevant for glioma. Overexpression of miR-134 and miR-485-5p in human glioblastoma cells suppressed invasion and proliferation, respectively. Furthermore, apoptosis was induced by both miRs, individually and in combination. The results emphasize the tumor suppressive role of C14MC in diffuse gliomas, and identifies two specific miRNAs with potential therapeutic value and towards better disease management and therapy