Immigration, Minority Rights, and Catholic Policy-Making in Post-War Canada

This paper addresses the Canadian Roman Catholic episcopacy’s approach to such issues of public interest as immigration and minority rights between 1945 and 1965. The definition of the Church’s involvement in temporal matters, it is here argued, requires an understanding of the institutional interests of Catholicism and traditional Catholic approaches to governance. The conceptual framework offered by contemporary administrative and policy studies now better enables scholars of Catholicism to assess the social and political significance of the Church in this period. Catholic bishops were not indifferent to immigration or the rights of minority groups, but chose to address these matters by utilizing “discreet” channels of interaction consistent with corporatist governance. Quebec and Ontario are taken as illustrative examples of jurisdictions where Catholics were respectively the majority and a minority.Le présent article traite de la manière dont l’épiscopat catholique canadien a envisagé des questions d’intérêt public telles que l’immigration et les droits des minorités entre 1945 et 1965. La définition de l’intervention de l’Église dans les questions temporelles, soutient l’auteur, exige que l’on comprenne les intérêts institutionnels du catholicisme et les conceptions catholiques traditionnelles de la gouvernance. Le cadre conceptuel offert par les études contemporaines dans les domaines de l’administration et de la politique permet désormais aux spécialistes du catholicisme de mieux évaluer la signification politique et sociale de l’Église au cours de cette période. Les évêques catholiques n’étaient pas indifférents à l’immigration ou aux droits des groupes minoritaires, mais ils ont choisi d’aborder ces questions en empruntant des voies d’interaction « discrètes », compatibles avec la gouvernance corporatiste. L’auteur utilise le Québec et l’Ontario comme exemples de territoires où les catholiques constituaient la majorité d’un côté et une minorité de l’autre

Bibliography of Franco-American Life, Language, And History

Bibliography: Works listed consider the migration, integration, economic and social life, culture, religion, and language of French Canadians and Acadians who settled, permanently or not, in New England and New York State and of their Franco-American descendants. Beginning in the colonial period, individuals and families from both of these groups also migrated to the Midwest, the Plains region, and beyond. Louisiana became a bastion of Acadian life and culture. The implied contention of this bibliography, by virtue of its scope, is that the Franco-American experience elsewhere in the United States differed substantially from that seen in New England and New York. A brief survey of studies on other regions of the country—with no pretense of comprehensiveness—appears in Appendix A with other works that may prove relevant in the study of Franco-Americans. With the exception of the section on audiovisual materials, works listed here are of four kinds: monographs; memoirs and published oral histories; book chapters and scholarly articles; and government reports. Some biographies are included, but researchers may want to look beyond this bibliography for information on Quebec-born individuals who lived in the United States relatively briefly (Olivar Asselin, Honoré Beaugrand) or on Franco-Americans whose fame transcended their ethnic community (William Aubuchon, Louis Cyr, Leo Durocher, Jack Kerouac, Nap Lajoie, Calixa Lavallée, Grace Metalious, Aram Pothier). There is also significant context to be gleaned from local, state, and regional studies, thematic works, and historical surveys of Quebec and Atlantic Canada, though, when such works discuss Franco-Americans, they often rely on the scholarship listed in the present document. Articles in newspapers and popular magazines do not appear below for the simple reason that a bibliography of such articles would require time, energy, and means beyond those permitted by the current project. Fortunately, as digital databases expand it is quickly becoming easier to locate and access full-text periodical articles. In any event, this bibliography is meant as a literature review that helps researchers situate their work on Franco-Americans within a larger conversation, not as an exhaustive list of primary documents. Further guidance is to be found in the listed works’ bibliographies and in the resources that appear in Appendix B. Generally, new editions of a monograph or article do not appear unless it has been substantially revised or expanded, or unless it has been translated. In some cases, when the original edition is no longer available, the work appears under the year in which it was reissued. Thesis and dissertation advisors are named when the information has been readily available. This is not the first attempt at an extensive bibliography of works on Franco-Americans in the American Northeast. Pierre Anctil published just such a compendium in 1979, but after nearly forty years of sustained research, the need for a similar, more up-to-date effort is apparent. The Franco-American Centre at the University of Maine hosts, it is true, an online bibliography. The present effort distinguishes itself by its format and structure and can still be searched by keyword in its digital form

Surface induced magnetization reversal of MnP nanoclusters embedded in GaP

We investigate the quasi-static magnetic behavior of ensembles of non-interacting ferromagnetic nanoparticles consisting of MnP nanoclusters embedded in GaP(001) epilayers grown at 600, 650 and 700{\deg}C. We use a phenomenological model, in which surface effects are included, to reproduce the experimental hysteresis curves measured as a function of temperature (120-260 K) and direction of the applied field. The slope of the hysteresis curve during magnetization reversal is determined by the MnP nanoclusters size distribution, which is a function of the growth temperature. Our results show that the coercive field is very sensitive to the strength of the surface anisotropy, which reduces the energy barrier between the two states of opposite magnetization. Notably, this reduction in the energy barrier increases by a factor of 3 as the sample temperature is lowered from 260 to 120 K.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figure

Emulsion Polymerization of Dihydroeugenol-, Eugenol-, and Isoeugenol-Derived Methacrylates

International audienc

Synthèse de nouveaux tensioactifs macromoléculaires complexants et étude de leurs interactions avec le cobalt pour le développement d'un procédé de décontamination des textiles en milieu CO2 dense

Cette étude porte sur la décontamination de matrices textiles en milieu CO2 dense (CO2 liquide ou CO2 supercritique). Elle s'inscrit dans le cadre de la décontamination des textiles utilisés dans l'industrie nucléaire. Le CO2 dense est proposé comme alternative au milieu aqueux utilisé dans le procédé actuel et qui génère une importante quantité d'effluents aqueux contaminés nécessitant un post-traitement. Le contaminant étudié est le cobalt qui peut se présenter sous forme ionique ou particulaire. L'extraction du cobalt en milieu CO2 dense est assurée par un additif : un tensioactif macromoléculaire CO2-phile/CO2-phobe complexant. Plusieurs familles d'additifs ont été synthétisées par polymérisation radicalaire contrôlée : des copolymères à gradient comportant des motifs CO2-philes, siliciés ou fluorés, et des motifs CO2-phobes complexants de types acétoacétoxys, diéthylphosphonates ou acides phosphoniques. Le comportement de ces copolymères dans le CO2 dense a été évalué grâce à la détermination des diagrammes de phases copolymère-CO2 (par la mesure du point de trouble) et grâce à l'étude de leur autoorganisation dans le CO2 dense (par diffusion de neutrons aux petits angles). Les copolymères fluorés se sont avérés être les plus avantageux en termes de solubilité. Néanmoins, les copolymères siliciés présentent une solubilité compatible avec le procédé et ils constituent donc une alternative intéressante pour éviter la présence de fluor gênant pour le conditionnement des déchets nucléaires. L'étude de la complexation du cobalt par les copolymères (par spectrométrie UV-visible et par torche à plasma couplée à un spectromètre d'émission atomique) a permis d'établir des relations entre le type de motif complexant et l'affinité avec le cobalt. La solubilité dans le CO2 dense de ces complexes copolymères-cobalt est comparable à celle des copolymères seuls. De plus, l'étude de l'auto-organisation en milieu CO2 dense a révélé un faible taux d'agrégation des complexes copolymères-cobalt. Enfin, les copolymères synthétisés ont été mis en oeuvre dans les procédés de décontamination particulaire et ionique. Dans le cas du procédé de décontamination ionique, l'emploi du copolymère à gradient poly(acrylate de 1,1,2,2-tétrahydroperfluorodécyle-co-diacide vinylbenzylphosphonique) a permis d'atteindre environ 70% de décontamination grâce à la formation d'une microémulsion d'eau dans le CO2 dense. L'efficacité du procédé dedécontamination a été portée à 97% grâce à l'emploi de pyridine comme tiers additif.This study is about textile decontamination in dense CO2 (liquid CO2 or supercritical CO2). The study is carried out in the framework of decontamination of textile used in the nuclear industry. The dense CO2 offers an alternative to aqueous medium used in the current process which generates a huge quantity of contaminated aqueous effluent requiring a post-treatment. Cobalt is the targeted contamination and can be found as ionic species or particles. The cobalt extraction in dense CO2 is achieved with an additive : a complexing CO2-philic/CO2-phobic macromolecular surfactant. Several types of additives were synthesized by controlled free radical polymerization : gradient copolymers made with CO2-philic groups (silicone-based or fluorinated moieties) and CO2-phobic complexing groups (acetoacetoxy, diethylphosphonate or phosphonic acid moieties). The copolymer behavior in dense CO2 was determined by phase diagram measurements (cloud point method) and their self-assembly in dense CO2 was investigated by small angle neutron scattering. The fluorinated copolymers were found advantageous in terms of solubility. Nevertheless, the silicone-based copolymers showed solubilities which are compatible with the process, therefore they are a good alternative to avoid fluorinated compounds which are unwanted in the conditioning of nuclear wastes. The study of cobalt complexation by the copolymers (UV-vis spectroscopy and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy) established relations between the type of complexing group and the affinity with the cobalt. The solubility of copolymer-cobalt complexes in dense CO2 is similar to those of copolymers. Moreover, the self-assembly study of the complex revealed a low aggregation. Finally, the synthesized copolymers were used in particle or ionic decontamination processes. In the case of ionic decontamination process, a rate of 70% of decontamination was reached with the use of gradient copolymer poly(1,1,2,2-tetrahydroperfluorodecyle acrylate-covinylbenzylphosphonic diacid) which allowed the formation of water-in-CO2 microemulsion. The efficiency of the decontamination process was even improved up to 97% with the addition of pyridine in the process.MONTPELLIER-Ecole Nat.Chimie (341722204) / SudocSudocFranceF

Sustainable synthesis and precise characterisation of bio-based star polycaprolactone synthesised with a metal catalyst and with lipase

Bio-based building blocks and sustainable synthesis pathways were used to synthesise star-shaped polymers composed of a D-sorbitol core and polycaprolactone arms by ring opening polymerisation (ROP). The use of volatile organic solvents was avoided and less energy intense reaction conditions were achieved by performing the ROP in the bulk or in a green solvent, supercritical CO2 (scCO2). Two catalysts were tested: conventional tin(II) 2-ethylhexanoate (Sn(Oct)2) which is a Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved metal catalyst and an enzyme, Novozym 435 (Lipase B from Candida Antarctica immobilised on a solid support). The influence of the reaction medium and of the nature of the catalyst on the molecular weight, the dispersity and the architecture of the PCL stars was investigated. The star polymers were characterised by 1H and 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (1H and 31P NMR) spectroscopy, size exclusion chromatography – multi-angle light scattering (SEC-MALS) and matrix-assisted laser desorption and ionisation-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry. The use of scCO2 enabled the reduction of the reaction temperature of Sn(Oct)2 catalysed star D-sorbitol-polycaprolactone polymerisations from 140 to 95 °C. In addition, star polymers were successfully synthesised by enzyme catalysis in the bulk or in scCO2 at 60 °C; lower temperatures that could provide significant energy savings on a commercial scale. Thecatalyst was shown to have a pronounced influence on the architecture of the PCL stars. Regular star polymers were obtained in the presence of Sn(Oct)2 whereas Novozym 435 gave access to miktoarmtype star PCL. Finally, the influence of the number and length of the arms on the thermal properties of the star polymers was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)

In vivo selection of engineered homing endonucleases using double-strand break induced homologous recombination

Homing endonucleases, endonucleases capable of recognizing long DNA sequences, have been shown to be a tool of choice for precise and efficient genome engineering. Consequently, the possibility to engineer novel endonucleases with tailored specificities is under strong investigation. In this report, we present a simple and efficient method to select meganucleases from libraries of variants, based on their cleavage properties. The method has the advantage of directly selecting for the ability to induce double-strand break induced homologous recombination in a eukaryotic environment. Model selections demonstrated high levels of enrichments. Moreover, this method compared favorably with phage display for enrichment of active mutants from a mutant library. This approach makes possible the exploration of large sequence spaces and thereby represents a valuable tool for genome engineering

Metabolic network visualization eliminating node redundance and preserving metabolic pathways

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The tools that are available to draw and to manipulate the representations of metabolism are usually restricted to metabolic pathways. This limitation becomes problematic when studying processes that span several pathways. The various attempts that have been made to draw genome-scale metabolic networks are confronted with two shortcomings: 1- they do not use contextual information which leads to dense, hard to interpret drawings, 2- they impose to fit to very constrained standards, which implies, in particular, duplicating nodes making topological analysis considerably more difficult.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We propose a method, called MetaViz, which enables to draw a genome-scale metabolic network and that also takes into account its structuration into pathways. This method consists in two steps: a clustering step which addresses the pathway overlapping problem and a drawing step which consists in drawing the clustered graph and each cluster.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The method we propose is original and addresses new drawing issues arising from the no-duplication constraint. We do not propose a single drawing but rather several alternative ways of presenting metabolism depending on the pathway on which one wishes to focus. We believe that this provides a valuable tool to explore the pathway structure of metabolism.</p

Le Forum, Vol. 43 #3

https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/francoamericain_forum/1101/thumbnail.jp