Sanksi Kebiri Kimia (Chemical Castration) Terhadap Pelaku Pedofilia dalam Perspektif Hukum Pidana, HAM, dan Islam

The policy of action sanctions in the form of chemical castration against perpetrators of sexual violence (paedophilia) has led to various debates, both in the realm of criminal law, human rights, and Islamic law. This sanction is due to the increasing number of cases of sexual violence against children, so the government takes firm steps to prevent sexual violence against children (paedophilia). Chemical castration is regulated in Undang-Undang Nomor 17 Tahun 2016 Tentang Perubahan Kedua Undang-Undang Perlindungan Anak, while chemical castration is given to adult perpetrators who have intercourse with children under certain conditions. The purpose of this study is to find out how the chemical castration sanctions (chemical castration) are in the perspective of criminal law, human rights, and Islam. The type of research used by the author is descriptive-qualitative and comparative, in this method, the process for obtaining data is as it is and the author will compare each research result. The results of this study indicate that chemical castration against paedophile perpetrators in a criminal perspective have fulfilled the purpose of punishment, namely as in the combined theory which is punitive, namely providing a deterrent effect for perpetrators, is anticipatory because of these sanctions people are afraid of the threat of punishment for perpetrators, paedophiles so that they will not commit these acts, as well as rehabilitation for perpetrators, is to provide treatment medical and psychiatric. In the perspective of human rights, it is seen as inconsistent with human rights, but considering the interests of children and the cruelty committed by the perpetrators, it is natural that chemical castration must be carried out and must be carried out with clear procedures. Pedophilia in the perspective of Islamic law is classified as jarimah hudud, so that the imposition of chemical castration sanctions is an inappropriate step for pedophile perpetrators to crush damage from adulterers to children that causes harm, so that the appropriate punishment is not chemical castration. for the perpetrators but the death penalty for the benefit of the guaranteed maqashid shari'ah principle which aims to protect the community, especially children

Harnessing ward-level administrative data and expert knowledge to improve staffing decisions: A multi-method case study

© 2019 John Wiley & Sons Ltd Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of changes to bed configuration and patient mix on nurses’ workload in a single ward. Design: Multi-method case study. Method: The study was undertaken in an acute 28-bed ward in a tertiary referral public hospital in Queensland, Australia. Ward-level administrative data were obtained for a 2-year period, 12 months before bed configuration changes in October 2015 and 12 months after. These data included patient activity (bed occupancy, transfers, length of stay and casemix) and nurse staffing (budgeted and actual staffing levels, employment status and skillmix). Semi-structured interviews were conducted with ward nurses (N = 17) to explore the impact of the bed configuration changes on their workload. Results: Administrative data showed that the bed configuration changes resulted in more complex and dependent patients, increased patient transfers and greater variability in casemix. The interview data found these changes to patient complexity and activity intensified workloads, which were further increased by staffing decisions that resulted in greater reliance on temporary staff. Conclusion: Hospitals already possess the data and expert knowledge needed to improve staffing and bed management decisions without the need for additional, costly workload systems. Impact: Determining appropriate nurse staffing in light of the complexities and variation of patient needs at the ward level remains a challenge. This study identified increases in patient complexity, dependency, variability and churn that increased workload. Staffing grew but hidden factors associated with temporary staffing and skillmix further intensified nurses’ workload. Harnessing existing data and the expertise and experience of nursing unit managers (NUMs) would help staff wards more efficiently and effectively, providing reasonable workloads and appropriate skillmix that can enhance the safety and quality of patient care. To facilitate this, NUMs need access to accurate, timely, data and authority in staffing and bed management decisions

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Management of High and Very High-Risk Subjects with Familial Hypercholesterolemia: Results from an Observational Study in Bulgaria

Background: Familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) is a genetic disorder causing accelerated atherosclerosis and premature cardiovascular disease (CVD). This retrospective observational study examined the clinical characteristics and management of FH subjects in Bulgaria over a 12-month period