Etio-epizootiology of the strangles

O autor estuda aspectos da adenite eqüina (garrotilho) relacionados com sua etio-epizootiologia, em animais puro sangue inglês de corrida, alojados na Vila Hípica do Jockey Club de São Paulo, e em haras do Estado de São Paulo. Na Vila Hípica, entre 227 animais que já haviam tido garrotilho, foram encontrados 11 portadores; naqueles que ainda não haviam sofrido a doença, em número de 87, foram evidenciados 12 portadores. Nos haras, entre 76 adultos que já haviam sofrido a doençal somente 1 portador foi encontrado e nenhum entre os animais jovens que ainda não haviam sofrido a infecção. Baseado nesses dados, o aulor estuda a modalidade dos portadores verificados, ressaltando a importância dos mesmos na etio-epizootiologia do garrotilho. De 495 amostras colhidas da mucosa de animais alojados nas condições expostas anteriormente, foram isolados 41 estreptococos heinolíticos, entre os quais foi possível determinar 24 amostras de Streplococcus equi, 11 de Streptococcus zooepideinicus e 6 não identificáveis. As provas realizadas para classificação das amostras isoladas são sucintamente descritas.Data on some aspects of strangles as related as it etio-epizootiology in thoroughbred horses are presented. This work was carried out on two groups of animals: a) horses in training and living in the “Vila Hípica” of the "Jockey Clubde São Paulo”, and b) horses which were not training, anti which were living on farms in the State of São Paulo. From 227 recuperated animals of the first group 11 carriers were detected, and 12 carriers were detected among 87 horses which have never suffered the disease. In the group “b” only one carrier was detected among 76 adults recuperated animals. No carrier were observed among non-infected young animals. Forty-one hemolytic streptococci were isolated from 495 samples taken from the nasal mucosa of all studied animals. The following strains could be revealed among those streptococci: 24 of Streptococcus e.qui and 11 of Streptococcus zooepidemicus. However, six samples could not be identified. All the use experimental tests have been throughly described in order to have the isolated samples classified. The importance of the carrier animals in the etio-epizootiology of the strangles has been discussed by the author on the basis of these experimental data

A unified framework for dataset shift diagnostics

Supervised learning techniques typically assume training data originates from the target population. Yet, in reality, dataset shift frequently arises, which, if not adequately taken into account, may decrease the performance of their predictors. In this work, we propose a novel and flexible framework called DetectShift that quantifies and tests for multiple dataset shifts, encompassing shifts in the distributions of $(X, Y)$, $X$, $Y$, $X|Y$, and $Y|X$. DetectShift equips practitioners with insights into data shifts, facilitating the adaptation or retraining of predictors using both source and target data. This proves extremely valuable when labeled samples in the target domain are limited. The framework utilizes test statistics with the same nature to quantify the magnitude of the various shifts, making results more interpretable. It is versatile, suitable for regression and classification tasks, and accommodates diverse data forms - tabular, text, or image. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of DetectShift in detecting dataset shifts even in higher dimensions

Neutralização da toxina tetânica pela clorofila hidrossolúvel

Confirmando o trabalho de Fonseca Ribeiro e Guimarães, os AA. demonstraram mais que, com 15 minutos de contacto, 0,5 cm3 de clorofila hidrossolúvel a 1% neutraliza 500 D.M.M. de toxina tetânica; que 100 cm3 de toxina tetânica (1 cm3 = 15.000 D.M.M. cobaia) em contacto com 1,0 g de clorofila hidrossolúvel, na esufa a 37 ºC, perde totalmente sua toxicidade, ao cabo de 8-10 dias, conservando o poder antigênico: 32 cobaias injetadas com 1 cm3 cada, da toxina desintoxicada pela clorofila, são injetadas 30 dias depois, com 5 e 10 D.M.M. de toxina, sobrevivendo, respectivamente, 68,4% e 46,1%; demonstraram ainda que o fator luz é menos importante do que o fator temperatura (estufa 379C) na desintoxicação da toxina tetânica pela clorifila hidrossolúvel.Confirming the studies of F onseca R ibeiro and Guimarães, the authors showed besides that with a contact for 15 minutes, 0.5 ml. of hydro-soluble chlorophyll at 1% neutralizes 500 M.L.D. of tetanic toxine; that 100 ml. of tetanic toxine (concentration of 1 ml. = 15,000 M.L.D. guinea pigs) in contact with 1,0 g. of hydro-soluble chlorophyll in the incubator at 37ºC. loses completely its toxicity in from 8 to 10 days, while still keeping its antigenic quality: 32 guinea pigs injected with 1 ml. each of this toxin, detoxicated by chlorophyll, were injected 30 days after with 5 and 10 M.L.D. of toxine, and 68.4% and 46.1%, respectively, survived; the light factor is of less importance than the lemperature factor (incubator 37ºC.) in the detoxication of tetanic toxine by the hydro-soluble chlorophyll process

Revisiting the stability of endo/exo Diels-Alder adducts between cyclopentadiene and 1,4-benzoquinone

In this work it is presented a detailed theoretical analysis of the relative stability of endo/exo Diels-Alder adducts formed by the reaction between cyclopentadiene (1) and 1,4-benzoquinone (2). The intrinsic reaction coordinate (IRC) showed the existence of only one transition state for the reaction studied, for both endo 3 and exo 4 adducts. The energies of both adducts were obtained at high level of theory (CBS-Q) confirming that the endo adduct is more stable than exo, which is in the opposite way to the observed in reactions that usually follow Alder's rule. An electronic structure analysis was performed through NBO methodology, indicating that the attractive delocalization interaction predominates over the steric repulsive interaction in the endo adducts. In summary, for the studied cycloaddition reaction the endo adduct is the thermodynamic and kinetic product, which can be also confirmed by experimental data mentioned in this work

Soil class map of the Rio Jardim watershed in Central Brazil at 30 meter spatial resolution based on proximal and remote sensed data and MESMA method

Geospatial soil information is critical for agricultural policy formulation and decision making, land-use suitability analysis, sustainable soil management, environmental assessment, and other research topics that are of vital importance to agriculture and economy. Proximal and Remote sensing technologies enables us to collect, process, and analyze spectral data and to retrieve, synthesize, visualize valuable geospatial information for multidisciplinary uses. We obtained the soil class map provided in this article by processing and analyzing proximal and remote sensed data from soil samples collected in toposequences based on pedomorphogeological relashionships. The soils were classified up to the second categorical level (suborder) of the Brazilian Soil Classification System (SiBCS), as well as in the World Reference Base (WRB) and United States Soil Taxonomy (ST) systems. The raster map has 30 m resolution and its accuracy is 73% (Kappa coefficient of 0.73). The soil legend represents a soil class followed by its topsoil color

O emprêgo do nitrogeneto de sódio em meios seletivos para estreptococos

In order to isolate streptococci from the nasal cavities of horses, the authors used glucose-sodium azide-violet crystal-broth medium, and wcre thus able to eliminate almost ali contaminating flora. Out of 89 strains of contaminating material inoculated both in glucose broth and gl.sod.az.viol.crys.broth, 31.5% of positive results were obtained in the former medium, while in the latter, results were positive in 91%. The colonies were counted after 3, 5 and 8 hours of incubation in both media mentioned, evidence being thus obtained that the g.s.a.v.c.broth, although highly selective docs not stimulate the multiplication of streptococci. The advantage of growing contaminated material in the suggested medium for the purpose of streptococcus isolation, specially if the material requires previous homogenization, is emphasized.Procurando isolar estreptococos das fossas nasais de cavalos, os autores utilizam como meio de cultura, o caldo glicosado-nitrogeneto de sódio-cristal violeta, conseguindo praticamente eliminar a flora de contaminação. Semeando 89 amostras de material contaminado, em caldo glicosado e em caldo glicosado-nitrogeneto de sódio-cristal violeta, obtiveram 31,5% de resultados positivos no primeiro, ao lado de 91% de resultados positivos no segundo. Por meio de contagem de colônias após 3, 5 e 8 horas de incubação, em caldo glicosado e no meio com nitrogeneto de sódio, demonstram que êste meio, embora altamente seletivo não é estimulante do crescimento para estreptococos. Evidenciam a vantagem da semeadura de material contaminado no meio proposto, para se isolar estreptococos, principalmente quando o material exigir prévia homogeneização

UMA CRÍTICA AO CONCEITO DE ABISMO GNOSEOLÓGICO NA TEORIA RETÓRICA DE JOÃO MAURÍCIO ADEODATO

A noção de abismo gnoseológico, em conjunto com a de abismo axiológico, é a base epistemológica da teoria retórica de João Maurício Adeodato. Ela faz parte dos fundamentos teóricos e apoia as teses do autor sobre a impossibilidade de comunicação plena, das verdades imutáveis e da ideia de uma etiologia jurídica. Neste artigo, buscamos demonstrar que a noção de abismo gnoseológico possui como fundamento uma teoria da linguagem como representação, e pressupõe uma ontologia calcada em teorias da mente comuns à tradição ocidental. Argumentamos, utilizando-nos de conceitos da filosofia tardia de Wittgenstein, que tais pressupostos parecem estar em desacordo com outras posições do próprio Adeodato

UMA CRÍTICA AO CONCEITO DE ABISMO GNOSEOLÓGICO NA TEORIA RETÓRICA DE JOÃO MAURÍCIO ADEODATO

The notion of gnoseological abyss, in conjunction with that of axiological abyss, forms the epistemological basis of João Maurício Adeodato’s rethorical theory. It is a part of his theoretical foundations and plays a role in supporting the author’s thesis about the impossibility of absolute communication, immutable truths and the idea of a legal ethology. In this article we purport to demonstrate that the notion of gnoseological abyss relies on a view of language as representation, and assumes an ontology common to the Western tradition when it comes to the theory of mind. We argue, following Wittgenstein’s late philosophy, that such assumptions go against Adeodato’s own positions