7 research outputs found
Understanding European Regional Diversity - Lessons learned from Case Studies
The content of this report is a deliverable to the FP 7 project RUFUS (Rural future Networks) concerning the case studies made within the project. As a deliverable in a EU framework project it reports extensively on the methods and empirical data collected in the projectâs case studies. The work has as an overarching motive to translate research findings into implications that are relevant for policy makers in the EU. The conclusions from the case studies are therefore of two types â the findings made and the implications they might give for policy making within the field of rural development
Contribution de l'agriculture au développement rural. Caractérisation, évaluation et perception par les acteurs. Cas d'exploitations d'élevage des Vosges et du Jura
Les zones rurales sont en mutation et il existe beaucoup de dĂ©finitions diffĂ©rentes. Dans les chiffres, l'agriculture y est de moins en moins importante. En revanche, de nombreuses Ă©tudes relatent que l'agriculture peut contribuer au dĂ©veloppement dans les domaines de l'Ă©conomie, de la protection de l'environnement et mĂȘme du tissu social. Certaines Ă©tudes portent sur des points spĂ©cifiques comme la vente directe, d'autres s'intĂ©ressent Ă des types particuliers d'agriculture comme l'agriculture biologique et enfin d'autres cherchent Ă faire un Ă©tat des lieux Ă l'Ă©chelle territoriale. Dans notre Ă©tude, la mĂ©thode se base sur des enquĂȘtes en exploitations dans deux territoires diffĂ©rents (Combe d'Ain et VĂŽge) et passe par le recueil de nombreuses informations qui sont ensuite transformĂ©es en variables puis en critĂšres. On peut ainsi apprĂ©hender la diversitĂ© des contributions des diffĂ©rentes fermes (classification) et l'Ă©valuer (dĂ©nombrement d'actions positives). Dans un deuxiĂšme temps, les points de vue des agriculteurs et des acteurs en charge du dĂ©veloppement rural sont comparĂ©s de maniĂšre qualitative. On observe une assez grande variabilitĂ© entre les actions menĂ©es par les diffĂ©rentes exploitations, mais elle est difficile Ă expliquer. Il semble que le contexte local, le type de production et les prioritĂ©s de l'exploitant soient les principaux facteurs explicatifs. On observe ainsi une grande variabilitĂ© de performances lors de l'Ă©valuation. Les discours montrent que les actions positives ne sont pas forcĂ©ment menĂ©es dans le but de contribuer au dĂ©veloppement rural, mais que les agriculteurs et les autres acteurs attribuent les mĂȘmes rĂŽles Ă l'agriculture. MalgrĂ© ses limites (choix des critĂšres, sources des informations, dĂ©finitions des seuils par exemple) cette mĂ©thode permet de rĂ©pondre aux questions posĂ©es et pourrait servir de base pour des diagnostics territoriaux. Dans ce cas, il faudra accorder plus d'importance Ă la diversitĂ© des exploitations sur le territoire et ensuite ĂȘtre capable de trouver les leviers d'action pour influencer la conduite des agriculteurs.Rural areas are very often defined as lagging behind. Therefore, rural development is very important. The role of agriculture in RD has been studied in different ways: area specific studies of all possible benefits, studies about specific farming methods and their consequences on RD are examples. Thanks to these studies, we designed a method based on a survey of 18 farms in 5 communes in two different regions. The information collected was simplified to provide 15 qualitative variables leading to an ascendant hierarchical classification of farms. The second step was to evaluate their performance, adding up number of good practices undertaken by each farmer with regards economic development, environmental protection and social networking. The results of each individual farms are quite different especially when counting the number of good practices. There could be a link between practices, type of farming system and local context. Each farmer has his/her own view of the role of agriculture in rural areas and often acts positively for reasons other than RD. Using information coming from the farmers might be not totally trustworthy but it is the only way to obtain some particular information such as their involvement in local life, or the amount of fertilizer they use. This study could be used to improve policy making, therefore providing a better knowledge of tools which could be used to encourage farmers to contribute to RD
The structure of InAlGaN layers grown by metal organic vapour phase epitaxy : effects of threading dislocations and inversion domains from the GaN template
International audienc
The structure of InAlGaN layers grown by metal organic vapour phase epitaxy : effects of threading dislocations and inversion domains from the GaN template
International audienc
Impact of Gate Drain Spacing on Low-Frequency Noise Performance of In Situ SiN Passivated InAlGaN/GaN MIS-HEMTs
International audienceIn this paper we investigated the gateâdrain access region spacing (L GD) effect on electrical and noise performance of InAlGaN/GaN metalâ insulatorâsemiconductor high electron mobility transistors (MIS-HEMTs) using in situ SiN cap layer as gate insulator. Different L GD of InAlGaN/GaN MIS-HEMTs using sub-10 nm barrier layer are studied. Low-frequency noise measurements have been carried out for the first time in order to analyze the impact of the gateâdrain spacing on the electrical characteristics. The noise of the channel under the gate has been identified as the dominant channel noise source for L GD < 10 ÎŒm. Finally, the calculated Hooge parameter (α H) is equal to 3.1 Ă 10 â4. It reflects the high material quality while using sub-10 nm InAlGaN layer, which is promising for high-frequency applications