8 research outputs found

    Sea surface temperature associations with the late Indian summer monsoon

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    International audienceThis paper uses recent gridded and historical data in order to assess the relationships betweeninterannual variability of the Indian Summer Monsoon (ISM) and Sea Surface Temperature (SST)anomaly patterns over the Indian and Pacific oceans.Interannual variability of ISM rainfall and dynamical indices for the traditional summer monsoonseason (June-September) are strongly influenced by rainfall and circulation anomalies observedduring August and September, or the Late Indian Summer Monsoon (LISM). Anomalous monsoonsare linked to well-defined LISM rainfall and large-scale circulation anomalies. The east-westWalker and local Hadley circulations fluctuate during the LISM of anomalous ISM years. LISMcirculation is weakened and shifted eastward during weak ISM years. Therefore, we focus on thepredictability of the LISM in this study.Strong (weak) (L)ISMs are preceded by significant positive (negative) SST anomalies in thesoutheastern subtropical Indian Ocean, off Australia, during boreal winter. These SST anomaliesare mainly linked to south Indian Ocean dipole events, recently studied by Behera and Yamagata(2001), and to the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon. These SST anomalies arehighly persistent and affect the northwestward translation of the Mascarene high from austral toboreal summer. The southeastward (northwestward) shift of this subtropical high associated withcold (warm) SST anomalies off Australia causes a weakening (strengthening) of the wholemonsoon circulation through a modulation of the local Hadley cell during the LISM. Furthermore, itis suggested that the Mascarene high interacts with the underlying SST anomalies through apositive dynamical feedback mechanism, maintaining its anomalous position during the LISM.Our results also explain why a strong ISM is preceded by a transition in boreal spring from an ElNiño to a La Niña state in the Pacific and vice versa. An El Niño event and the associated warmSST anomalies over the southeastern Indian Ocean during boreal winter may play a key role in thedevelopment of a strong ISM by strengthening the local Hadley circulation during the LISM. On theother hand, a developing La Niña event in boreal spring and summer may also enhance the eastwestWalker circulation and the monsoon as demonstrated in many previous studies

    Eye lens irradiation by CT perfusion: dosimetry and optimization

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    Irradiation des cristallins des patients par scanners de perfusion itératifs : dosimétrie et optimisation

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    Le cristallin est un organe radiosensible. En avril 2011, la Commission Internationale de Protection Radiologique (CIPR) fixait à 500 mGy la nouvelle dose seuil d’apparition d’effets déterministes au cristallin. Les patients qui présentent un anévrysme intracérébral rompu bénéficient d’examens scanographiques de l’encéphale (CT) justifiés, pour le diagnostic et le suivi post traitement, réalisé le plus souvent par embolisation radioguidée. Ces examens itératifs exposent le cristallin aux rayons X. Cet article chiffre l’exposition des cristallins de 18 patients ayant bénéficié en 2011 d’examens scanographiques encéphaliques suite à une rupture d’anévrysme intracérébral, et propose un moyen de diminuer cette exposition. Dans notre étude, 44 % des patients étudiés ont reçu une dose supérieure à 500 mGy au niveau des yeux, générée par les examens scanographiques et en particulier les CT de perfusion, indispensables pour évaluer le risque d’ischémie retardée par vasospasme. Nous avons observé qu’en positionnant les patients en hyper flexion cervicale lors de la réalisation des scanners de perfusion, la dose aux cristallins pouvait être diminuée de près de 50 %

    Characterization of XR-RV3 GafChromic® films in standard laboratory and clinical conditions and means to evaluate uncertainties and reduce errors

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    Artikkelissa tutkitaan GafChromic-filmin käyttökelposuutta ja ominaisuuksia potilaan ihoannoksen määrittämiseen toimenpideradiologiassa ja –kardiologiassa. Perinteisesti filmiannosmittauksiin on liitetty suuri annoksen epävarmuus, ja tässä työssä on tutkittu merkittävimpiä epävarmuuden lähteitä ja kuinka niitä voidaan pienentää. Lopputuloksena todetaan, että filmiä käyttäen potilaan ihoannos voidaan määrittää noin 10 % epävarmuudella. Mikäli mittauksiin ja filmin lukuun kiinnitetään erityistä huomiota, saadaan epävarmuus tätäkin pienemmäksi, noin 5 prosenttiin. Täten filmimittausten tarkkuus riittää hyvin toimenpideradiologian ja –kardiologian ihoannosmittauksiin
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