2,443 research outputs found
Inflammatory Airway Disease of Horses - Revised Consensus Statement
The purpose of this manuscript is to revise and update the previous consensus statement on inflammatory airway disease (IAD) in horses. Since 2007, a large number of scientific articles have been published on the topic and these new findings have led to a significant evolution of our understanding of IAD
Do laypersons conflate poverty and neglect?
ObjectiveChild neglect is often initially identified via adults who come into contact with children and report their suspicions to the authorities. Little is known about what behaviors laypersons view as constituting neglect and hence worth reporting. We examined laypersons' perceptions of neglect and poverty, particularly how these factors independently and jointly shaped laypersons' decisions about what warrants official reporting of neglect, and how laypersons' socioeconomic background related to their decisions.HypothesesWe anticipated that neglect would be correctly perceived as such, but that extreme poverty would also be perceived as neglect, with these latter perceptions being most pronounced among laypersons of higher socioeconomic background.MethodIn 2 studies, adults read vignettes about a mother's care of her daughter and rendered decisions about whether the mother's behavior met the legal standard of neglect and should be reported. In Study 1 (N = 365, 55% female, mean age = 37.12 years), indicators of poverty and neglect were manipulated. In Study 2 (N = 474, 53% female, mean age = 38.25 years), only poverty (housing instability: homelessness vs. not) was manipulated.ResultsLaypersons often conflated poverty and neglect, especially in circumstances of homelessness. Laypersons of lower socioeconomic background were less likely to perceive neglect in general and to report an obligation to make a referral (R2s ranged from 17-26%, odds ratios ranged from 2.24-3.08).ConclusionsLaypersons may overreport neglect in circumstances of poverty. Increasing public awareness of how to recognize and separate neglect from poverty may enhance identification of vulnerable children and families. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)
Quantum computing on encrypted data
The ability to perform computations on encrypted data is a powerful tool for
protecting privacy. Recently, protocols to achieve this on classical computing
systems have been found. Here we present an efficient solution to the quantum
analogue of this problem that enables arbitrary quantum computations to be
carried out on encrypted quantum data. We prove that an untrusted server can
implement a universal set of quantum gates on encrypted quantum bits (qubits)
without learning any information about the inputs, while the client, knowing
the decryption key, can easily decrypt the results of the computation. We
experimentally demonstrate, using single photons and linear optics, the
encryption and decryption scheme on a set of gates sufficient for arbitrary
quantum computations. Because our protocol requires few extra resources
compared to other schemes it can be easily incorporated into the design of
future quantum servers. These results will play a key role in enabling the
development of secure distributed quantum systems
Training physicians in behavioural change counseling: A systematic review
Background: Poor health behaviours (e.g., smoking, physical inactivity) represent major underlying causes of non-communicable chronic diseases (NCDs). Prescriptive behaviour change interventions employed by physicians show limited effectiveness. Physician training in evidence-based behaviour change counselling (BCC) may improve behavioural risk factor management, but the efficacy and feasibility of current programs remains unclear.
Objective: (1) To systematically review the efficacy of BCC training programs for physicians, and (2) to describe program content, dose and structure, informing better design and dissemination.
Methods: Using PRISMA guidelines, a database search up to January 2018, yielded 1889 unique articles, screened by 2 authors; 9 studies met inclusion criteria and were retained for analysis.
Results: 100% of studies reported significant improvements in BCC skills among physicians, most programs targeting provider-patient collaboration, supporting patient autonomy, and use of open questions to elicit âchange-talkâ. Limitation included: poor reporting quality, high program heterogeneity, small sample sizes, 78% of studies having no comparison group, and less than 30% of skills taught being formally assessed.
Conclusion: Training programs were efficacious, but methodological weaknesses limit the ability to determine content and delivery. Caution is necessary when interpreting the results
Two-dimensional electron gas formation in undoped In[0.75]Ga[0.25]As/In[0.75]Al[0.25]As quantum wells
We report on the achievement of a two-dimensional electron gas in completely
undoped In[0.75]Al[0.25]As/In[0.75]Ga[0.25]As metamorphic quantum wells. Using
these structures we were able to reduce the carrier density, with respect to
reported values in similar modulation-doped structures. We found experimentally
that the electronic charge in the quantum well is likely due to a deep-level
donor state in the In[0.75]Al[0.25]As barrier band gap, whose energy lies
within the In[0.75]Ga[0.25]As/In[0.75]Al[0.25]As conduction band discontinuity.
This result is further confirmed through a Poisson-Schroedinger simulation of
the two-dimensional electron gas structure.Comment: 17 pages, 6 figures, to be published in J. Vac. Sci. Technol.
Broadband quadrature-squeezed vacuum and nonclassical photon number correlations from a nanophotonic device
We report the first demonstrations of both quadrature squeezed vacuum and
photon number difference squeezing generated in an integrated nanophotonic
device. Squeezed light is generated via strongly driven spontaneous four-wave
mixing below threshold in silicon nitride microring resonators. The generated
light is characterized with both homodyne detection and direct measurements of
photon statistics using photon number-resolving transition edge sensors. We
measure ~dB of broadband quadrature squeezing (~dB inferred
on-chip) and ~dB of photon number difference squeezing (~dB
inferred on-chip). Nearly-single temporal mode operation is achieved, with raw
unheralded second-order correlations as high as measured
(~when corrected for noise). Multi-photon events of over 10 photons
are directly detected with rates exceeding any previous quantum optical
demonstration using integrated nanophotonics. These results will have an
enabling impact on scaling continuous variable quantum technology.Comment: Significant improvements and updates to photon number squeezing
results and discussions, including results on single temporal mode operatio
Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the Pain Care Quality Surveys (Pain CQ © )
Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/98233/1/hesr12014-sup-0001-Author_matrix.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/98233/2/hesr12014.pd
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