Intronic hammerhead ribozymes in mRNA biogenesis

[EN] Small self-cleaving ribozymes are a group of natural RNAs that are capable of catalyzing their own and sequence-specific endonucleolytic cleavage. One of the most studied members is the hammerhead ribozyme (HHR), a catalytic RNA originally discovered in subviral plant pathogens but recently shown to reside in a myriad of genomes along the tree of life. In eukaryotes, most of the genomic HHRs seem to be related to short interspersed retroelements, with the main exception of a group of strikingly conserved ribozymes found in the genomes of all amniotes (reptiles, birds and mammals). These amniota HHRs occur in the introns of a few specific genes, and clearly point to a preserved biological role during pre-mRNA biosynthesis. More specifically, bioinformatic analysis suggests that these intronic ribozymes could offer a new form of splicing regulation of the mRNA of higher vertebrates. We review here the latest advances in the discovery and biological characterization of intronic HHRs of vertebrates, including new conserved examples in the genomes of the primitive turtle and coelacanth fishThis work was supported by the Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad of Spain (BFU2011-23398) to MdlP.García Robles, I.; Sanchez Navarro, JA.; La Peña Del Rivero, MD. (2012). Intronic hammerhead ribozymes in mRNA biogenesis. Biological Chemistry. 393(11):1317-1326. https://doi.org/10.1515/hsz-2012-0223S131713263931

Simultaneous boron ion-channel/growth factor receptor activation for enhanced vascularization

[EN] Boron ion is essential in metabolism and its concentration is regulated by ion-channel NaBC1. NaBC1 mutations cause corneal dystrophies such as Harboyan syndrome. Here we propose a 3D molecular model for NaBC1 and show that simultaneous stimulation of NaBC1 and vascular growth factor receptors (VEGFR) promote angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo with ultra-low concentrations of VEGF. We show Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVEC) organization into tubular structures indicative of vascularization potential. Enhanced cell sprouting was found only in the presence of VEGF and boron, effect abrogated after blocking NaBC1. We demonstrate that stimulated NaBC1 promotes angiogenesis via PI3k-independent pathways and that ¿5ß1/¿vß3-integrin binding is not essential to enhanced HUVEC organization. We describe a novel vascularization mechanism that involves the crosstalk and colocalization between NaBC1/VEGFR receptors. This has important translational consequences: just by administering boron, taking advantage of endogenous VEGF, in vivo vascularization is shown in a chorioallantoic membrane assay.P.R. acknowledges support from the Ministerio de Economia, Industria y Competitividad, Gobierno de Espana (MINECO) (MAT2015-69315-C3-1-R), and European Regional Development Fund (FEDER). CIBER-BBN is an initiative funded by the VI National R&D&I Plan 2008-2011, Iniciativa Ingenio 2010, Consolider Program, CIBER Actions and financed by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III with assistance from the European Regional Development Fund. M. S. S. acknowledges support from the European Research Council (ERC-HealInSynergy 306990) and the UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC-EP/P001114/1). The authors are very grateful to Productos Florida farm for kindly providing chick embryos for CAM assay.Rico Tortosa, PM.; Rodrigo Navarro, A.; La Peña Del Rivero, MD.; Moulisova, V.; Costell, M.; Salmerón Sánchez, M. (2018). Simultaneous boron ion-channel/growth factor receptor activation for enhanced vascularization. Advanced Biosystems. 3(1):1-12. https://doi.org/10.1002/adbi.201800220S11231Yancopoulos, G. D., Davis, S., Gale, N. W., Rudge, J. S., Wiegand, S. J., & Holash, J. (2000). Vascular-specific growth factors and blood vessel formation. Nature, 407(6801), 242-248. doi:10.1038/35025215Carmeliet, P. (2005). Angiogenesis in life, disease and medicine. Nature, 438(7070), 932-936. doi:10.1038/nature04478Moulisová, V., Gonzalez-García, C., Cantini, M., Rodrigo-Navarro, A., Weaver, J., Costell, M., … Salmerón-Sánchez, M. (2017). Engineered microenvironments for synergistic VEGF – Integrin signalling during vascularization. Biomaterials, 126, 61-74. doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.02.024Briquez, P. S., Clegg, L. E., Martino, M. M., Gabhann, F. M., & Hubbell, J. A. (2016). Design principles for therapeutic angiogenic materials. Nature Reviews Materials, 1(1). doi:10.1038/natrevmats.2015.6Hanft, J. R., Pollak, R. A., Barbul, A., Gils, C. va., Kwon, P. S., Gray, S. M., … Breen, T. J. (2008). Phase I trial on the safety of topical rhVEGF on chronic neuropathic diabetic foot ulcers. Journal of Wound Care, 17(1), 30-37. doi:10.12968/jowc.2008.17.1.27917Woo, E. J. (2012). Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2: adverse events reported to the Manufacturer and User Facility Device Experience database. The Spine Journal, 12(10), 894-899. doi:10.1016/j.spinee.2012.09.052United States Food and Drug Administration Product Description Regranex https://www.fda.gov/downloads/Drugs/DrugSafety/PostmarketDrugSafetyInformationforPatientsandProviders/UCM142821.avi (accessed: May2008).Carmeliet, P., & Jain, R. K. (2011). Molecular mechanisms and clinical applications of angiogenesis. Nature, 473(7347), 298-307. doi:10.1038/nature10144Hynes, R. O. (2002). Integrins. Cell, 110(6), 673-687. doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(02)00971-6Mahabeleshwar, G. H., Feng, W., Reddy, K., Plow, E. F., & Byzova, T. V. (2007). Mechanisms of Integrin–Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor Cross-Activation in Angiogenesis. Circulation Research, 101(6), 570-580. doi:10.1161/circresaha.107.155655Olsson, A.-K., Dimberg, A., Kreuger, J., & Claesson-Welsh, L. (2006). VEGF receptor signalling ? in control of vascular function. Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology, 7(5), 359-371. doi:10.1038/nrm1911Alexander, R. A., Prager, G. W., Mihaly-Bison, J., Uhrin, P., Sunzenauer, S., Binder, B. R., … Breuss, J. M. (2012). VEGF-induced endothelial cell migration requires urokinase receptor (uPAR)-dependent integrin redistribution. Cardiovascular Research, 94(1), 125-135. doi:10.1093/cvr/cvs017Herkenne, S., Paques, C., Nivelles, O., Lion, M., Bajou, K., Pollenus, T., … Struman, I. (2015). The interaction of uPAR with VEGFR2 promotes VEGF-induced angiogenesis. Science Signaling, 8(403), ra117-ra117. doi:10.1126/scisignal.aaa2403Lauritzen, I., Chemin, J., Honoré, E., Jodar, M., Guy, N., Lazdunski, M., & Jane Patel, A. (2005). Cross‐talk between the mechano‐gated K 2P channel TREK‐1 and the actin cytoskeleton. EMBO reports, 6(7), 642-648. doi:10.1038/sj.embor.7400449Gasparski, A. N., & Beningo, K. A. (2015). Mechanoreception at the cell membrane: More than the integrins. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 586, 20-26. doi:10.1016/j.abb.2015.07.017Munaron, L., Genova, T., Avanzato, D., Antoniotti, S., & Fiorio Pla, A. (2012). Targeting Calcium Channels to Block Tumor Vascularization. Recent Patents on Anti-Cancer Drug Discovery, 8(1), 27-37. doi:10.2174/1574892811308010027Yao, X., & Garland, C. J. (2005). Recent Developments in Vascular Endothelial Cell Transient Receptor Potential Channels. Circulation Research, 97(9), 853-863. doi:10.1161/01.res.0000187473.85419.3eRico, P., Rodrigo-Navarro, A., & Salmerón-Sánchez, M. (2015). Borax-Loaded PLLA for Promotion of Myogenic Differentiation. Tissue Engineering Part A, 21(21-22), 2662-2672. doi:10.1089/ten.tea.2015.0044Park, M., Li, Q., Shcheynikov, N., Zeng, W., & Muallem, S. (2004). NaBC1 Is a Ubiquitous Electrogenic Na+-Coupled Borate Transporter Essential for Cellular Boron Homeostasis and Cell Growth and Proliferation. Molecular Cell, 16(3), 331-341. doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2004.09.030Vithana, E. N., Morgan, P., Sundaresan, P., Ebenezer, N. D., Tan, D. T. H., Mohamed, M. D., … Aung, T. (2006). Mutations in sodium-borate cotransporter SLC4A11 cause recessive congenital hereditary endothelial dystrophy (CHED2). Nature Genetics, 38(7), 755-757. doi:10.1038/ng1824Lopez, I. A., Rosenblatt, M. I., Kim, C., Galbraith, G. C., Jones, S. M., Kao, L., … Kurtz, I. (2009). Slc4a11Gene Disruption in Mice. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 284(39), 26882-26896. doi:10.1074/jbc.m109.008102Parker, M. D., Ourmozdi, E. P., & Tanner, M. J. A. (2001). Human BTR1, a New Bicarbonate Transporter Superfamily Member and Human AE4 from Kidney. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 282(5), 1103-1109. doi:10.1006/bbrc.2001.4692Zangi, R., & Filella, M. (2012). Transport routes of metalloids into and out of the cell: A review of the current knowledge. Chemico-Biological Interactions, 197(1), 47-57. doi:10.1016/j.cbi.2012.02.001Tanjore, H., Zeisberg, E. M., Gerami-Naini, B., & Kalluri, R. (2007). β1 integrin expression on endothelial cells is required for angiogenesis but not for vasculogenesis. Developmental Dynamics, 237(1), 75-82. doi:10.1002/dvdy.21385Gerber, H.-P., Dixit, V., & Ferrara, N. (1998). Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Induces Expression of the Antiapoptotic Proteins Bcl-2 and A1 in Vascular Endothelial Cells. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 273(21), 13313-13316. doi:10.1074/jbc.273.21.13313Tan, C., Cruet-Hennequart, S., Troussard, A., Fazli, L., Costello, P., Sutton, K., … Dedhar, S. (2004). Regulation of tumor angiogenesis by integrin-linked kinase (ILK). Cancer Cell, 5(1), 79-90. doi:10.1016/s1535-6108(03)00281-2George, E. L., Baldwin, H. S., & Hynes, R. O. (1997). Fibronectins Are Essential for Heart and Blood Vessel Morphogenesis But Are Dispensable for Initial Specification of Precursor Cells. Blood, 90(8), 3073-3081. doi:10.1182/blood.v90.8.3073Fassler, R., & Meyer, M. (1995). Consequences of lack of beta 1 integrin gene expression in mice. Genes & Development, 9(15), 1896-1908. doi:10.1101/gad.9.15.1896Soldi, R., Mitola, S., Strasly, M., Defilippi, P., Tarone, G., & Bussolino, F. (1999). Role of αvβ3 integrin in the activation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2. The EMBO Journal, 18(4), 882-892. doi:10.1093/emboj/18.4.882Takahashi, S., Leiss, M., Moser, M., Ohashi, T., Kitao, T., Heckmann, D., … Fässler, R. (2007). The RGD motif in fibronectin is essential for development but dispensable for fibril assembly. Journal of Cell Biology, 178(1), 167-178. doi:10.1083/jcb.200703021Ribatti, D. (2008). Chapter 5 Chick Embryo Chorioallantoic Membrane as a Useful Tool to Study Angiogenesis. International Review of Cell and Molecular Biology, 181-224. doi:10.1016/s1937-6448(08)01405-6Novosel, E. C., Kleinhans, C., & Kluger, P. J. (2011). Vascularization is the key challenge in tissue engineering. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, 63(4-5), 300-311. doi:10.1016/j.addr.2011.03.004García, J. R., & García, A. J. (2015). Biomaterial-mediated strategies targeting vascularization for bone repair. Drug Delivery and Translational Research, 6(2), 77-95. doi:10.1007/s13346-015-0236-0Briquez, P. S., Hubbell, J. A., & Martino, M. M. (2015). Extracellular Matrix-Inspired Growth Factor Delivery Systems for Skin Wound Healing. Advances in Wound Care, 4(8), 479-489. doi:10.1089/wound.2014.0603Simón-Yarza, T., Formiga, F. R., Tamayo, E., Pelacho, B., Prosper, F., & Blanco-Prieto, M. J. (2012). Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-Delivery Systems for Cardiac Repair: An Overview. Theranostics, 2(6), 541-552. doi:10.7150/thno.3682Kargozar, S., Baino, F., Hamzehlou, S., Hill, R. G., & Mozafari, M. (2018). Bioactive Glasses: Sprouting Angiogenesis in Tissue Engineering. Trends in Biotechnology, 36(4), 430-444. doi:10.1016/j.tibtech.2017.12.003Laplante, M., & Sabatini, D. M. (2009). mTOR signaling at a glance. Journal of Cell Science, 122(20), 3589-3594. doi:10.1242/jcs.051011Byzova, T. V., Goldman, C. K., Pampori, N., Thomas, K. A., Bett, A., Shattil, S. J., & Plow, E. F. (2000). A Mechanism for Modulation of Cellular Responses to VEGF. Molecular Cell, 6(4), 851-860. doi:10.1016/s1097-2765(05)00076-

In memoriam of Ricardo Flores: The career, achievements, and legacy of an inspirational plant virologist

[EN] Ricardo Flores (1947-2020) focused his research on the identification, replication, pathogenesis, and evolution of viroids, the minimal non-protein-coding circular RNAs (250-400 nt) able to replicate and incite diseases in plants that are remarkable for being at the lowest step of the biological scale. He and his collaborators initially identified and characterized additional group members, adding six new ones to the family Pospiviroidae, and expanding the Avsunviroidae from one to four members. They showed that members of the second family "encode" ribozymes, a property that, together with others, makes them candidates for being the most primitive replicons that emerged on our planet 3500 million years ago. He also made important contributions regarding how viroids replicate, providing relevant data on the templates, enzymes, and ribozymes that mediate this process and on the mutation rate, which turned out to be the highest reported for any biological entity. More recently, he concentrated on the role that RNA silencing could play on viroid-host interactions, describing details of this process. Ricardo also worked on citrus tristeza virus, a widely different type of subcellular pathogen, and made important contributions on the structure, localization and functions of its unique p23 protein. His research has produced 170 original articles and reviews, according to Web of Science. He encouraged the scientific careers of a large number of researchers, and collaborated with many others, some of whom have recapitulated his scientific legacy in this review and contributed with other chapters in this special issue.This work was supported by the Spanish Agencia Estatal de Investigaci ' on (AEI) and Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER), grant number PID2020-115571RB-100. We apologize to colleagues whose work was not cited in this review due to the page limit.Pallás Benet, V.; Hernandez Fort, C.; Marcos, JF.; Daròs, J.; Ambrós, S.; Navarro, B.; Navarro Bohigues, JA.... (2022). In memoriam of Ricardo Flores: The career, achievements, and legacy of an inspirational plant virologist. Virus Research. 312(198718):1-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virusres.2022.1987181931219871

Viroids: the minimal non-coding RNAs with autonomous replication

[EN] Viroids are small (246¿401 nucleotides), non-coding, circular RNAs able to replicate autonomously in certain plants. Viroids are classified into the families Pospiviroidae and Avsunviroidae, whose members replicate in the nucleus and chloroplast, respectively. Replication occurs by an RNA-based rolling-circle mechanism in three steps: (1) synthesis of longerthan-unit strands catalyzed by host DNA-dependent RNA polymerases forced to transcribe RNA templates, (2) processing to unit-length, which in family Avsunviroidae is mediated by hammerhead ribozymes, and (3) circularization either through an RNA ligase or autocatalytically. Disease induction might result from the accumulation of viroid-specific small interfering RNAs that, via RNA silencing, could interfere with normal developmental pathways.This work was partially supported by grants from the Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnologia (BMC2002-03694) and from the Generalidad Valenciana (Spain).Flores Pedauye, R.; Delgado Villar, SG.; Gas, M.; Carbonell, A.; Molina, D.; Gago, S.; La Peña Del Rivero, MD. (2004). Viroids: the minimal non-coding RNAs with autonomous replication. FEBS Letters. 567(1):42-48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.febslet.2004.03.1184248567

Prediction of long-term outcomes of HIV-infected patients developing non-AIDS events using a multistate approach

Outcomes of people living with HIV (PLWH) developing non-AIDS events (NAEs) remain poorly defined. We aimed to classify NAEs according to severity, and to describe clinical outcomes and prognostic factors after NAE occurrence using data from CoRIS, a large Spanish HIV cohort from 2004 to 2013. Prospective multicenter cohort study. Using a multistate approach we estimated 3 transition probabilities: from alive and NAE-free to alive and NAE-experienced ("NAE development"); from alive and NAE-experienced to death ("Death after NAE"); and from alive and NAE-free to death ("Death without NAE"). We analyzed the effect of different covariates, including demographic, immunologic and virologic data, on death or NAE development, based on estimates of hazard ratios (HR). We focused on the transition "Death after NAE". 8,789 PLWH were followed-up until death, cohort censoring or loss to follow-up. 792 first incident NAEs occurred in 9.01% PLWH (incidence rate 28.76; 95% confidence interval [CI], 26.80-30.84, per 1000 patient-years). 112 (14.14%) NAE-experienced PLWH and 240 (2.73%) NAE-free PLWH died. Adjusted HR for the transition "Death after NAE" was 12.1 (95%CI, 4.90-29.89). There was a graded increase in the adjusted HRs for mortality according to NAE severity category: HR (95%CI), 4.02 (2.45-6.57) for intermediate-severity; and 9.85 (5.45-17.81) for serious NAEs compared to low-severity NAEs. Male sex (HR 2.04; 95% CI, 1.11-3.84), ag

Impact of late presentation of HIV infection on short-, mid- and long-term mortality and causes of death in a multicenter national cohort : 2004-2013

To analyze the impact of late presentation (LP) on overall mortality and causes of death and describe LP trends and risk factors (2004-2013). Cox models and logistic regression were used to analyze data from a nation-wide cohort in Spain. LP is defined as being diagnosed when CD4 < 350 cells/ml or AIDS. Of 7165 new HIV diagnoses, 46.9% (CI:45.7-48.0) were LP, 240 patients died.First-year mortality was the highest (aHR = 10.3[CI:5.5-19.3]); between 1 and 4 years post-diagnosis, aHR = 1.9(1.2-3.0); an

COVID-19 in hospitalized HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients : A matched study

CatedresObjectives: We compared the characteristics and clinical outcomes of hospitalized individuals with COVID-19 with [people with HIV (PWH)] and without (non-PWH) HIV co-infection in Spain during the first wave of the pandemic. Methods: This was a retrospective matched cohort study. People with HIV were identified by reviewing clinical records and laboratory registries of 10 922 patients in active-follow-up within the Spanish HIV Research Network (CoRIS) up to 30 June 2020. Each hospitalized PWH was matched with five non-PWH of the same age and sex randomly selected from COVID-19@Spain, a multicentre cohort of 4035 patients hospitalized with confirmed COVID-19. The main outcome was all-cause in-hospital mortality. Results: Forty-five PWH with PCR-confirmed COVID-19 were identified in CoRIS, 21 of whom were hospitalized. A total of 105 age/sex-matched controls were selected from the COVID-19@Spain cohort. The median age in both groups was 53 (Q1-Q3, 46-56) years, and 90.5% were men. In PWH, 19.1% were injecting drug users, 95.2% were on antiretroviral therapy, 94.4% had HIV-RNA < 50 copies/mL, and the median (Q1-Q3) CD4 count was 595 (349-798) cells/μL. No statistically significant differences were found between PWH and non-PWH in number of comorbidities, presenting signs and symptoms, laboratory parameters, radiology findings and severity scores on admission. Corticosteroids were administered to 33.3% and 27.4% of PWH and non-PWH, respectively (P = 0.580). Deaths during admission were documented in two (9.5%) PWH and 12 (11.4%) non-PWH (P = 0.800). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that well-controlled HIV infection does not modify the clinical presentation or worsen clinical outcomes of COVID-19 hospitalization

How do women living with HIV experience menopause? Menopausal symptoms, anxiety and depression according to reproductive age in a multicenter cohort

CatedresBackground: To estimate the prevalence and severity of menopausal symptoms and anxiety/depression and to assess the differences according to menopausal status among women living with HIV aged 45-60 years from the cohort of Spanish HIV/AIDS Research Network (CoRIS). Methods: Women were interviewed by phone between September 2017 and December 2018 to determine whether they had experienced menopausal symptoms and anxiety/depression. The Menopause Rating Scale was used to evaluate the prevalence and severity of symptoms related to menopause in three subscales: somatic, psychologic and urogenital; and the 4-item Patient Health Questionnaire was used for anxiety/depression. Logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) of association between menopausal status, and other potential risk factors, the presence and severity of somatic, psychological and urogenital symptoms and of anxiety/depression. Results: Of 251 women included, 137 (54.6%) were post-, 70 (27.9%) peri- and 44 (17.5%) pre-menopausal, respectively. Median age of onset menopause was 48 years (IQR 45-50). The proportions of pre-, peri- and post-menopausal women who had experienced any menopausal symptoms were 45.5%, 60.0% and 66.4%, respectively. Both peri- and post-menopause were associated with a higher likelihood of having somatic symptoms (aOR 3.01; 95% CI 1.38-6.55 and 2.63; 1.44-4.81, respectively), while post-menopause increased the likelihood of having psychological (2.16; 1.13-4.14) and urogenital symptoms (2.54; 1.42-4.85). By other hand, post-menopausal women had a statistically significant five-fold increase in the likelihood of presenting severe urogenital symptoms than pre-menopausal women (4.90; 1.74-13.84). No significant differences by menopausal status were found for anxiety/depression. Joint/muscle problems, exhaustion and sleeping disorders were the most commonly reported symptoms among all women. Differences in the prevalences of vaginal dryness (p = 0.002), joint/muscle complaints (p = 0.032), and sweating/flush (p = 0.032) were found among the three groups. Conclusions: Women living with HIV experienced a wide variety of menopausal symptoms, some of them initiated before women had any menstrual irregularity. We found a higher likelihood of somatic symptoms in peri- and post-menopausal women, while a higher likelihood of psychological and urogenital symptoms was found in post-menopausal women. Most somatic symptoms were of low or moderate severity, probably due to the good clinical and immunological situation of these women

Down syndrome as risk factor for respiratory syncytial virus hospitalization : A prospective multicenter epidemiological study

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in childhood, particularly in premature infants, is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. To compare the hospitalization rates due to RSV infection and severity of disease between infants with and without Down syndrome (DS) born at term and without other associated risk factors for severe RSV infection. In a prospective multicentre epidemiological study, 93 infants were included in the DS cohort and 68 matched by sex and data of birth (±1 week) and were followed up to 1 year of age and during a complete RSV season. The hospitalization rate for all acute respiratory infection was significantly higher in the DS cohort than in the non-DS cohort (44.1% vs 7.7%, P<.0001). Hospitalizations due to RSV were significantly more frequent in the DH cohort than in the non-DS cohort (9.7% vs 1.5%, P=.03). RSV prophylaxis was recorded in 33 (35.5%) infants with DS. The rate of hospitalization according to presence or absence of RSV immunoprophylaxis was 3.0% vs 15%, respectively. Infants with DS showed a higher rate of hospitalization due to acute lower respiratory tract infection and RSV infection compared to non-DS infants. Including DS infants in recommendations for immunoprophylaxis of RSV disease should be considered

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data