Rabbit Nutrition with Tropical Foliage and Sugar Cane.

The behavior of productive indicators was assessed in 45 growing Cuban Brown rabbits (498 g average mean weight), fed with tropical foliage and sugar cane stems. A completely random design was used, with three treatments and 15 repetitions: foliage of  Teramnus labialis+sugar cane stem; foliage of Ipomoea batata+sugar cane stem; and foliage of  Phyla nodiflora+sugar cane stem. The highest consumption of fresh foliage was observed in  Ipomoea ba-tata (269 g) and Teramnus labialis (205 g). Animal variants Phyla nodiflora+sugar cane had a basic consumption of sugar cane (144.87 g). The Teramnus labialis-sugar cane alternative produced the highest consumption levels of raw protein (9.32 g) and digestible energy (0.79 MJ). Live weight gains were observed between 10.46 and 16.96  g/d, and feed conversion between 4.06 and 5.23, similar in both indicators for Teramnus labialis-sugar cane and Ipomoea batata-sugar cane. Live weight gain was extremely low in the Phyla nodiflora-sugar cane variant, with the highest values observed for feed conversion. Teramnus labialis-sugar cane and Ipomoea batata-sugar cane may be used by rab-bit breeders with lands for tropical foliage, and sugar cane in Cuba. The opposite was observed for P hyla nodiflora-sugar cane, which turned out little attractive for rabbit fattening

Feeding Rabbits with tropical Foliage, Sugar Cane, and Sunflower Seeds.

The productive behavior of fattening rabbits was assessed using four feeding variants combining tropical foliage (Teramnus labiales,  Hibiscus rosas-sinensis,  Pyla nodiflora  and  Ipomoea batata)  with sugar cane and sunflower seeds. Sixty Cuban Brown rabbits weaned at 40 days of age were used, weighing an average 679 g, after 80 days of fattening. Three animals were placed in each cage, following a completely random design.  Each animal was consid-ered a replica for the following variables: initial  live  weight,  final live weight, and mean daily gain. For feed con-sumption and feed conversion variables, the means of the animals in every cage were considered.  Sugar cane foliage and stems were administered at will. The sunflower seeds were administered at a rate of 25 g/rabbit/day; water was supplied ad libitum. Variants  Teramnus labialis-sugar cane-sunflower, Ipomoea batata-sugar cane-sunflower and Phyla nodiflora-sugar cane-sunflower had the best  y  (100 % viability, live weigh gains between 19.28 and 22.78 g/rabbit/day, and cleaned meat production, between  785  and  972 g,  at a cost of  11.45, 16.94  and  12.52 CUP) for  Teramnus labialis-sugar cane-sunflower,  Ipomoea batata-sugar cane-sunflower and Phyla nodiflora-sugar cane-sunflower, respectively. Variant Hibiscus rosa-sinensis sugar cane-sunflower was the least efficient

Alimentación cunícola con follajes tropicales y caña de azúcar.

Se evaluó el comportamiento de los indicadores productivos de 45 conejos en crecimiento (498 g peso vivo pro-medio) de la raza Pardo Cubano, al alimentarlos con follajes tropicales y tallos de caña de azúcar. Se utilizó un dise-ño completamente aleatorio, con tres tratamientos (follaje de Teramnus labialis+tallo de caña de azúcar; follaje de Ipomoea batata+tallo de caña de azúcar, y follaje de Phyla nodiflora+tallo de caña de azúcar) y 15 repeticiones. Los mayores consumos de follaje en base fresca se obtuvieron con los de Ipomoea batata (269 g) y Teramnus labialis (205 g). Los animales alimentados con la variante Phyla nodiflora+caña, consumieron mayormente caña de azúcar (144,87 g). Se observó que en la variante Teramnus labialis-caña se alcanzaron los más altos consumos de proteína bruta (9,32 g) y energía digestible (0,79 MJ). Se obtuvieron ganancias de PV entre 10,46 y 16,96 g/d, y conversión alimenticia 4,06 y 5,23, similares en ambos indicadores en las variantes Teramnus labialis-caña e Ipomoea batata-caña. La ganancia de peso vivo fue extremadamente baja en la variante Phyla nodiflora-caña, con los valores más al-tos de conversión alimenticia. Las variantes de alimentación Teramnus labialis-caña e Ipomoea batata-caña pueden ser utilizadas por los cunicultores que disponen de tierra para sembrar los follajes tropicales y la caña de azúcar en Cuba, no así la variante Phyla nodiflora-caña, poco atractiva para la ceba de conejos.Tropical Foliage and Sugarcane for Rabbit Feeding.ABSTRACTProductive-indicators performance was evaluated in 45 growing Cuban Brown rabbits (498 liveweight) fed with tropical foliage and sugarcane stems. A completely randomized design with three treatments (Teramnus labia-lis+ sugarcane, Ipomoea batata+sugarcane, and Phyla nodiflora+ sugarcane) and 15 replicas was applied. Fresh foliage higher consumption rates were registered for I. batata(269 g) and T. labialis(205 g). Animals fed with Ph. nodiflora+ sugarcane showed a higher consumption rate for sugarcane (144,87 g). The variant T. labia-lis+ sugarcane exhibited higher consumption rates for the indicators raw protein (9,32 g) and digestible energy (0,79 MJ). Both indicators showed similar liveweight gains (10,46 g/d and 16,96 g/d) and food conversion rates (4,06 and 5,23) for T. labialis+ sugarcane and I. batata+ sugarcane feeding variants. Liveweight gain was markedly lower for the Ph. nodiflora+sugarcane variant, but food conversion rate exhibited the highest values. Therefore, the feeding variants T. labialis+sugarcane and I. batata+ sugarcane are a better option for rabbit breeders

Alimentación cunícola con follajestropicales, caña de azúcar y semillas de girasol.

Se evaluó el comportamiento productivo de la ceba cunícola, mediante cuatro variantes de alimentación que combinaron follajes tropicales (Teramnus labialis, Hibiscus rosas-sinensis, Phyla nodiflora e Ipomoea batata) con caña de azúcar y semillas de girasol. Se utilizaron 60 conejos de la raza Pardo Cubano, destetados a los 40 días de edad, con pesos vivos promedios de 679 g. Se ubicaron tres animales por jaulas, según diseño completamente aleatorio. Se consideró cada animal una repetición para las variables: peso vivo inicial, peso vivo final y ganancia media diaria; y para las variables consumo de alimentos y conversión alimentaria se consideró los promedios de los animales aloja-dos en cada jaula. Los follajes y el tallo de caña de azúcar se suministraron a voluntad. Las semillas de girasol se suministraron a razón de 25 g/conejo/día; el agua se suministró ad libitum, durante 80 días de ceba. Las variantes de alimentación Teramnus labialis-caña-girasol, Ipomoea batata-caña-girasol y Phyla nodiflora-caña-girasol mostraron mejores comportamiento productivos (100 % de viabilidad, ganancias promedio de peso vivo entre 19,28 y 22,78 g/conejo/día. El costo fue de 11,45; 16,94 y 12,52 CUP para las variantes Teramnus labialis-caña-girasol, Ipomoea batata-caña-girasol y Phyla nodiflora-caña-girasol, respectivamente. La variante de alimentación de Hibiscus rosa-sinensis-caña resultó la menos eficiente.Tropical Foliage, Sugarcane, and Sunflower Seeds for Rabbit Feedin. ABSTRACTProductive performance of rabbit fattening was evaluated through four feeding variants combining tropical foliage (Teramnus labialis, Hibiscus rosas-sinensis, Phyla nodiflora, and Ipomoea batata) with sugarcane stems and sun-flowers seeds. A sample of 60 Cuban Brown rabbits, weaned at 40 days old and with an average liveweight of 679 g, were distributed into cages 3 animals per cage) according to a completely randomized design. Each animal was con-sidered a replica for the variables initial liveweight, final liveweight, and average daily weight gain, while average values for the three caged rabbits were used to measure food consumption and food conversion rate variables. Tropical foliage, sugarcane, and water were ad-lib supplied and supplemented with sunflower seeds at a rate of 25 g/rabbit daily for an 80-day fattening period. The feeding variants including T. labialis, I. batata, and Ph. nodiflorafoliage showed a better productive performance (100 % viability and average daily weight gain between 19,28 g and 22,78 g per rabbit) and costs of $11.45,$ 16.94, and $ 12.52 pesos (national currency). However, the feeding variant with H. rosa-sinensiswas the least effective

Digestibilidad de dietas con niveles crecientes de harina de coco desgrasada en conejos en crecimiento

In order to evaluate the influence of defatted coconut flour on the apparent digestibility coefficients (ADC) of nutrients for growing rabbits, five diets were elaborated with increasing levels of defatted coconut flour (0 %, 10 %, 20 %, 30 % and 40 %). The diets were given to 50 Chinchilla rabbits, distributed in a totally randomized design, with an experimental period of 12 days. The ADC of the dry matter (MS), gross protein (PB), gross fiber (BFC), organic matter (MO) and ash (Czs) were determined. The inclusion of defatted coconut flour into the rabbit’s diet had not effect on the ADC of MS, with average values close to 60 %. High values of ADC of PB were observed (74.92 % and 77.86 %), which decreased for levels of defatted coconut flour of 30 % and 40 %. The ADC of BFC behaved similar to the PB, with mean values between 44.66 % and 49.80 %. The rabbits showed a good use of the ash content with ADC from 66.80 % to 72.99 %, which were more elevated for diets with 0 % and 10 % of defatted coconut flour. The results indicate that the rabbits carried out a high absorption of the inorganic compounds.Para evaluar la influencia de la harina de coco desgrasada sobre los coeficientes de digestibilidad aparente (CDA) de los nutrientes para conejos en crecimiento, fueron elaboradas cinco dietas con niveles crecientes de esta (0, 10, 20, 30 y 40 %), las cuales fueron suministradas a 50 animales de la raza Chinchilla, con un diseño completamente aleatorizado. Fueron determinados los CDA de la Materia seca (MS), Proteína bruta (PB), Fibra bruta (FB), Materia orgánica (MO) y las Cenizas (Czs). El período experimental fue de 12 días. La inclusión de la harina de coco desgrasada en la dieta no afectó el CDA de la MS, con valores promedios próximos al 60 %. Se encontraron altos CDA para la PB (74.92 y 77.86 %), los cuales decrecieron para los niveles de inclusión del 30 % y el 40 %. Los CDA de la FB presentaron tendencia similar a los de la PB, con valores medios entre 44.66 y 49.80 %. Los conejos mostraron un buen aprovechamiento del contenido de cenizas, con CDA de 66.80 % a 72.99 %, superiores para los niveles de inclusión del 0 % y 10 %. Los resultados indican que los conejos realizaron una elevada absorción de los compuestos inorgánicos

Digestibilidad de dietas con niveles crecientes de harina de coco desgrasada en conejos en crecimiento

In order to evaluate the influence of defatted coconut flour on the apparent digestibility coefficients (ADC) of nutrients for growing rabbits, five diets were elaborated with increasing levels of defatted coconut flour (0 %, 10 %, 20 %, 30 % and 40 %). The diets were given to 50 Chinchilla rabbits, distributed in a totally randomized design, with an experimental period of 12 days. The ADC of the dry matter (MS), gross protein (PB), gross fiber (BFC), organic matter (MO) and ash (Czs) were determined. The inclusion of defatted coconut flour into the rabbit’s diet had not effect on the ADC of MS, with average values close to 60 %. High values of ADC of PB were observed (74.92 % and 77.86 %), which decreased for levels of defatted coconut flour of 30 % and 40 %. The ADC of BFC behaved similar to the PB, with mean values between 44.66 % and 49.80 %. The rabbits showed a good use of the ash content with ADC from 66.80 % to 72.99 %, which were more elevated for diets with 0 % and 10 % of defatted coconut flour. The results indicate that the rabbits carried out a high absorption of the inorganic compounds.Para evaluar la influencia de la harina de coco desgrasada sobre los coeficientes de digestibilidad aparente (CDA) de los nutrientes para conejos en crecimiento, fueron elaboradas cinco dietas con niveles crecientes de esta (0, 10, 20, 30 y 40 %), las cuales fueron suministradas a 50 animales de la raza Chinchilla, con un diseño completamente aleatorizado. Fueron determinados los CDA de la Materia seca (MS), Proteína bruta (PB), Fibra bruta (FB), Materia orgánica (MO) y las Cenizas (Czs). El período experimental fue de 12 días. La inclusión de la harina de coco desgrasada en la dieta no afectó el CDA de la MS, con valores promedios próximos al 60 %. Se encontraron altos CDA para la PB (74.92 y 77.86 %), los cuales decrecieron para los niveles de inclusión del 30 % y el 40 %. Los CDA de la FB presentaron tendencia similar a los de la PB, con valores medios entre 44.66 y 49.80 %. Los conejos mostraron un buen aprovechamiento del contenido de cenizas, con CDA de 66.80 % a 72.99 %, superiores para los niveles de inclusión del 0 % y 10 %. Los resultados indican que los conejos realizaron una elevada absorción de los compuestos inorgánicos

Aceptabilidad por el conejo de la harina de coco desgrasada entre diferentes fuentes de alimento

To determine the acceptability of defatted coconut flour supplied as the sole feed and incorporated at different levels in the rabbit diet, two experiments were performed in which random block designs were used. In the first experiment the treatments were: T1 corn flour, T2 alfalfa flour, and T3 defatted coconut flour. In the second, the treatments consisted of supplying the diets with the inclusion of defatted coconut flour in growing percentage (0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 %). In both studies Chinchilla breed male rabbits of 80 days old were used, weighting an average of 2,150 ± 103 g, 21 and 35 rabbits respectively. Variables attempt to consume and food consume showed similar results, both in defatted coconut flour supplied as the sole feed and when mixed with other ingredients. Animals made consumption attempts for nearly 24 hours and the highest consumption attempts were observed at night. Animals showed the highest acceptance for diets of 10% defatted coconut flour inclusion. The results suggest defatted coconut flour is an agro-industrial by-product with potentiality to be included in rabbit diets and to substitute traditional feed used for this specie.Con el propósito de determinar el grado de aceptabilidad de la harina de coco desgrasada suministrada como alimento único e incorporado en diferentes niveles en la dieta para conejos, fueron realizados dos experimentos en los que se emplearon diseños bloques al azar. En el primer experimento los tratamientos fueron: T1 harina de maíz, T2 harina de alfalfa y T3 harina de coco desgrasada; para el segundo, los tratamientos consistieron en el suministro de las dietas con la inclusión de 0, 10, 20, 30 y 40 % de harina de coco desgrasada.  En los dos estudios se utilizaron conejos machos de la raza chinchilla de 80 días de edad, con un peso promedio de 2150 ±103 g, 21 y 35 animales respectivamente. Se observó una conducta similar en las variables intento de consumo y consumo de alimentos, tanto cuando se suministró la harina de coco desgrasada como alimento único como cuando se mezcló con otros ingredientes. Los animales realizaron intentos de consumo durante casi las 24 h, con los mayores intentos de consumo en el horario nocturno. Los animales muestran la mayor aceptación por las dietas del 10 % de inclusión de harina de coco desgrasada. Los resultados sugieren que la harina de coco desgrasada es un subproducto agroindustrial con potencialidades para ser incorporada en las dietas de conejos y sustituir alimentos convencionales tradicionalmente empleados en los piensos elaborados para esta especie

Análisis nutricional de la harina de copra de coco desgrasada para su uso en la alimentación del conejo (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

Defatted coconut meal is an agro-industrial by-product that is produced in the municipality of Baracoa, province of Guantánamo, Cuba, in considerable quantities and available for its use as animal feed. The present study evaluated the nutritional quality of defatted coconut flour. A 60 kg sample was taken from one day of production and its composition was determined: dry matter, crude protein, crude fibre, acid detergent fibre, neutral detergent fibre, cellulose, lignin, ashes, minerals (Ca, P, K, Mg) and the fatty acid profile. The results show that the average values for all the nutrients present in defatted coconut meal present an adequate balance of nutrients to be used as raw material in the formulation of diets for animal feed, especially for rabbits. It had a high percentage of crude fibre and crude protein and adequate fatty acid profile.La harina de coco desgrasada es un subproducto agroindustrial que se produce en el municipio de Baracoa. provincia de Guantánamo, Cuba en cantidades considerables y disponibles para ser utilizado en la alimentación animal. El presente estudio evaluó la calidad nutricional de la harina de coco desgrasada. Se tomó una muestra de 60 kg de un día de producción y se determinó materia seca, proteína bruta, fibra bruta, fibra ácida detergente, fibra neutro detergente, celulosa, lignina, cenizas, minerales (Ca, P, K, Mg) y el perfil de los ácidos grasos. Los resultados demuestran que los valores promedios para todos los nutrientes que presenta la harina de coco desgrasada presentan un adecuado balance de nutrientes para ser utilizado como materia prima en la formulación de dietas para la alimentación animal, en especial para el conejo. Se destaca su alto porcentaje de fibra bruta. proteína bruta y perfil de ácidos grasos

Efecto de la harina de coco desgrasada en el crecimiento del conejo

To evaluate the influence of defatted coconut flour (HCD) on the productive performance and yield to the carcass for growing rabbits, five diets were elaborated with increasing levels of this (0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 %), which were supplied to 130 animals of the Chinchilla breed, with a completely randomized design. The initial and final live weights, average daily gain, feed consumption, feed conversion, yield to the carcass and its valuable cuts were determined. The experimental period was 78 days. The final live weight of the animals during the fattening cycle was between 2060 and 2242 g/animal, in all cases above 2000 g which is the one established for the slaughter of the animals, the mean weight gain oscillated between 25.4 and 28.4. The inclusion of defatted coconut meal in the diet up to 40 % did not affect the yield to the carcass, its average values ​​ranged between 49.72 and 53.5 %. The results indicate that the rabbits made an adequate absorption of the nutrients when using defatted coconut flour for their growth, in addition the economic performance of the production system is improved.Para evaluar la influencia de la harina de coco desgrasada (HCD) en el comportamiento productivo y el rendimiento a la canal para conejos en crecimiento, fueron elaboradas cinco dietas con niveles crecientes de esta (0, 10, 20, 30 y 40 %), las cuales fueron suministradas a 130 animales de la raza chinchilla, con un diseño completamente aleatorizado. Fueron determinados los pesos vivo inicial y final, ganancia media diaria, consumo de alimento, conversión alimenticia, rendimiento a la canal y sus cortes valiosos. El período experimental fue de 78 días.  El peso vivo final de los animales durante el ciclo de ceba estuvo entre 2060 y 2242 g/animal, en todos los casos por encima de los 2000 g, que es el establecido para el sacrificio de los animales. La ganancia media de peso osciló entre 25.4 y 28.4. La inclusión de la harina de coco desgrasada en la dieta hasta un 40 % no afectó el rendimiento a la canal, sus valores promedios oscilaron entre 49.72 y 53.5%. Los resultados indican que los conejos realizaron una adecuada absorción de los nutrientes al utilizar harina de coco desgrasada para su crecimiento, además se mejora el rendimiento económico del sistema de producción

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality