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The Scenery of Knowledge"s Language-Game in Wittgenstein"s Philosophical Investigations
Our purpose is to take into account Wittgenstein"s
analyses about knowledge in the Philosophical Investigations,
in order to articulate them and elaborate a concept
of knowledge (Wissen). My first claim is that this is
possible. My second claim is that the complexity of this
concept has not been taken into consideration and its
originality has been misunderstood in the horizon of the
Philosophy of Mind (Vohra, A. 1986), of Philosophy of
Psychology (Schulte, J. 1993; Budd, M. 1989). My
objection is that the analysis of "knowledge� presupposes
the dissolution of mind and psychology. My third claim
concerns the interpretation of the verb "to know� from K.
Bühler"s point of view as a kind of signal (Signal), at least
in some uses, and as a symbol or an expression in some
others. This connection concerning "knowledge� has not
been brought out in, e.g., (Hacker, P.M.S. 1993; von
Savigny, E. and Scholz, O.R. 1995)
Modelling rail track deterioration and maintenance: current practices and future needs
As commercialisation and privatisation of railway systems reach the political agendas in a number of countries, including Australia, the separation of infrastructure from operating business dictates that track costs need to be shared on an equitable basis. There is also a world-wide trend towards increased pressures on rail track infrastructure through increases in axle loads and train speeds. Such productivity and customer service driven pressures inevitably lead to reductions in the life of track components and increases in track maintenance costs. This paper provides a state-of-the-art review of track degradation modeling, as well as an overview of track maintenance decision support systems currently in use in North America and Europe. The essential elements of a maintenance optimisation model currently under development are also highlighted
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