The role of modality: Auditory and visual distractors in Stroop interference

As a commonly used measure of selective attention, it is important to understand the factors contributing to interference in the Stroop task. The current research examined distracting stimuli in the auditory and visual modalities to determine whether the use of auditory distractors would create additional interference, beyond what is typically observed in the print-based Stroop task. Research by Cowan and Barron supported the additive effects of auditory and visual distractors; however, there is only one empirical demonstration of this finding to date. Using different versions of the Stroop colour-naming task, behavioural analyses of reaction times (RT) were conducted, along with distributional RT analyses. The results indicated that a combination of visual and auditory distraction did not lead to a larger interference effect than visually based distraction alone. These findings suggest that methodological issues may have influenced the prior finding of additive effects of the two modalities, and are discussed in relation to the word production architecture account of Stroop effects

Socializing One Health: an innovative strategy to investigate social and behavioral risks of emerging viral threats

In an effort to strengthen global capacity to prevent, detect, and control infectious diseases in animals and people, the United States Agency for International Development’s (USAID) Emerging Pandemic Threats (EPT) PREDICT project funded development of regional, national, and local One Health capacities for early disease detection, rapid response, disease control, and risk reduction. From the outset, the EPT approach was inclusive of social science research methods designed to understand the contexts and behaviors of communities living and working at human-animal-environment interfaces considered high-risk for virus emergence. Using qualitative and quantitative approaches, PREDICT behavioral research aimed to identify and assess a range of socio-cultural behaviors that could be influential in zoonotic disease emergence, amplification, and transmission. This broad approach to behavioral risk characterization enabled us to identify and characterize human activities that could be linked to the transmission dynamics of new and emerging viruses. This paper provides a discussion of implementation of a social science approach within a zoonotic surveillance framework. We conducted in-depth ethnographic interviews and focus groups to better understand the individual- and community-level knowledge, attitudes, and practices that potentially put participants at risk for zoonotic disease transmission from the animals they live and work with, across 6 interface domains. When we asked highly-exposed individuals (ie. bushmeat hunters, wildlife or guano farmers) about the risk they perceived in their occupational activities, most did not perceive it to be risky, whether because it was normalized by years (or generations) of doing such an activity, or due to lack of information about potential risks. Integrating the social sciences allows investigations of the specific human activities that are hypothesized to drive disease emergence, amplification, and transmission, in order to better substantiate behavioral disease drivers, along with the social dimensions of infection and transmission dynamics. Understanding these dynamics is critical to achieving health security--the protection from threats to health-- which requires investments in both collective and individual health security. Involving behavioral sciences into zoonotic disease surveillance allowed us to push toward fuller community integration and engagement and toward dialogue and implementation of recommendations for disease prevention and improved health security

Generasi Penuh Persahabatan

iv, 68 hal.: ilus.; 25 c

Flammability of self-extinguishing kenaf/ABS nanoclays composite for aircraft secondary structure

This study investigates the flammability properties of kenaf fiber reinforced acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) with nanoclays composites. Natural fiber is one of the potential materials to be used with thermoplastic as a composite due to its attractive properties such as lightweight and strong. In this paper, flammability properties of this material are evaluated through Underwriters Laboratory 94 Horizontal Burning (UL94 HB), which has been conducted for both controlled and uncontrolled conditions, smoke density and limiting oxygen index tests (LOI). These flammability tests are in compliance with the Federal Aviation Regulation (FAR) requirement. The results from UL94 HB and smoke density tests show that the presence of nanoclays with effective composition of kenaf fiber reinforced ABS has enhanced the burning characteristics of the material by hindering propagation of flame spread over the surface of the material through char formation. Consequently, this decreases the burning rate and produces low amount of smoke during burning. On contrary, through LOI test, this material requires less oxygen to burn when exposed to fire, which hinders the enhancement of burning characteristics. This is due to burning mechanism exhibited by nanoclays that catalyzes barrier formation and flame propagation rate over the surface of the biocomposite material. Overall, these experimental results suggest that this biocomposite material is capable of self-extinguishing and possesses effective fire extinction. The observed novel synergism from the result obtained is promising to be implemented in secondary structures of aircraft with significant benefits such as cost-effective, lightweight and biodegradable self-extinguishing biocomposite

Studi Kartografi Marine Protected Area (MPA) di Pulau Sangiang Menggunakan Model Marine Information Overlay (MIO)

MIO merupakan informasi non-wajib yang belum tercakup oleh IMO yang ada, IHO, atau IEC standar yang diperlukan oleh ECDIS untuk memastikan keamanan navigasi di laut. Informasi tambahan ini meliputi peliputan es, pasang / ketinggian air, aliran arus, habitat meteorologi, oseanografi dan laut. Area Konservasi yang juga dikenal dengan istilah MPA merupakan bagian dari MIO yang berguna untuk melindungi spesies ikan, habitat langka, atau seluruh ekosistem di laut. ENC sebagai alat navigasi wajib bagi para pelaut sudah mengakomodir unsur-unsur yang terkait dengan area konservasi, namun belum menyediakan informasi secara detail tipe dan jenis area konservasi tersebut. Pada penelitian ini, MPA yang merupakan bagian dari MIO yang nantinya akan dikembangkan sebagai Special publication S-122 MPA akan dibuat zonasi dengan informasi maupun batasan-batasan secara jelas dan detail dengan cara menerjemahkan dan menganalisa peraturan maupun perundang-undangan yang berlaku di Indonesia ke dalam bahasa peta selanjutnya disesuaikan sesuai dengan dengan standar internasional S-122 MPA sehingga mudah untuk dipahami oleh para pelaut. Hasil dari penelitian ini berupa hasil Analisa blok MPA dan MIO dalam format data vector, point, line dan area dengan struktur data, kodefikasi dan simbol tertentu wilayah Pulau Sangiang dan sekitarnya, sehingga dapat dipergunakan sebagai panduan bagi para pelaut untuk membantu dalam bernavigasi agar meminimalisir kesalahpahaman yang berdampak terhadap terjadinya hal-hal yang tidak diharapka