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Hydrogen Peroxide Wound Irrigation in Orthopaedic Surgery.
As the burden of deep hardware infections continues to rise in orthopaedics, there is increasing interest in strategies for more effective debridement of colonized tissues and biofilm. Hydrogen peroxide has been used medically for almost a century, but its applications in orthopaedic surgery have yet to be fully determined. The basic science and clinical research on the antiseptic efficacy of hydrogen peroxide have demonstrated its efficacy against bacteria, and it has demonstrated potential synergy with other irrigation solutions such as chlorhexidine and povidone-iodine. While hydrogen peroxide is effective in infection reduction, there are concerns with wound healing, cytotoxicity, and embolic phenomena, and we recommend against hydrogen peroxide usage in the treatment of partial knee replacements, hemiarthroplasties, or native joints. Additionally, due to the potential for oxygen gas formation, hydrogen peroxide should not be used in cases of dural compromise, when pressurizing medullary canals, or when irrigating smaller closed spaces to avoid the possibility of air embolism. Finally, we present our protocol for irrigation and debridement and exchange of modular components in total joint arthroplasty, incorporating hydrogen peroxide in combination with povidone-iodine and chlorhexidine
Orientation and length scale effects on dislocation structure in highly oriented nanotwinned Cu
Non-photorealistic volume rendering using stippling techniques
Journal ArticleSimulating hand-drawn illustration techniques can succinctly express information in a manner that is communicative and informative. We present a framework for an interactive direct volume illustration system that simulates traditional stipple drawing. By combining the principles of artistic and scientific illustration, we explore several feature enhancement techniques to create effective, interactive visualizations of scientific and medical datasets. We also introduce a rendering mechanism that generates appropriate point lists at all resolutions during an automatic preprocess, and modifies rendering styles through different combinations of these feature enhancements. The new system is an effective way to interactively preview large, complex volume datasets in a concise, meaningful, and illustrative manner. Volume stippling is effective for many applications and provides a quick and efficient method to investigate volume models
Illustrative interactive stipple rendering
Journal ArticleAbstract-Simulating hand-drawn illustration can succinctly express information in a manner that is communicative and informative. We present a framework for an interactive direct stipple rendering of volume and surface-based objects. By combining the principles of artistic and scientific illustration, we explore several feature enhancement techniques to create effective, interactive visualizations of scientific and medical data sets. We also introduce a rendering mechanism that generates appropriate point lists at all resolutions during an automatic preprocess and modifies rendering styles through different combinations of these feature enhancements. The new system is an effective way to interactively preview large, complex volume and surface data sets in a concise, meaningful, and illustrative manner. Stippling is effective for many applications and provides a quick and efficient method to investigate both volume and surface models
The spatial and velocity distributions of hypervelocity stars
Hypervelocity stars (HVSs) found in the Galactic halo are probably the
dynamical products of interactions between (binary) stars and the massive black
hole(s) (MBH) in the Galactic center (GC). It has been shown that the detected
HVSs are spatially consistent with being located on two thin disks (Lu et al.),
one of which has the same orientation as the clockwise-rotating stellar disk in
the GC. Here we perform a large number of three-body experiments of the
interactions between the MBH and binary stars bound to it, and find that the
probability of ejecting HVSs is substantially enhanced by multiple encounters
between the MBH and binary stars at distances substantially larger than the
initial tidal breakup radii. Assuming that the HVS progenitors are originated
from the two disks, the inclination distribution of the HVSs relative to the
disk planes can be reproduced by either the mechanism of tidal breakup of
binary stars or the mechanism of ejecting HVSs by a hypothetical binary black
hole (BBH) in the GC. However, an isotropical origination of HVS progenitors is
inconsistent with the observed inclination distribution. Assuming that the HVSs
were ejected out by the tidal breakup mechanism, its velocity distribution can
be reproduced if their progenitors diffuse onto low angular momentum orbits
slowly and most of the progenitors were broken up at relatively large distances
due to multiple encounters. Assuming that the HVSs were ejected out by a BBH
within the allowed parameter space in the GC, our simulations produce
relatively flatter velocity spectra compared to the observed ones; however, the
BBH mechanism cannot be statistically ruled out, yet. Future surveys of HVSs
and better statistics of their spatial and velocity distributions should enable
to distinguish the ejection mechanisms of HVSs and shed new light on the
dynamical environment of the MBH.(abridged)Comment: 19 pages, 16 figure
Connecting Surrogate Safety Measures to Crash Probablity via Causal Probabilistic Time Series Prediction
Surrogate safety measures can provide fast and pro-active safety analysis and
give insights on the pre-crash process and crash failure mechanism by studying
near misses. However, validating surrogate safety measures by connecting them
to crashes is still an open question. This paper proposed a method to connect
surrogate safety measures to crash probability using probabilistic time series
prediction. The method used sequences of speed, acceleration and
time-to-collision to estimate the probability density functions of those
variables with transformer masked autoregressive flow (transformer-MAF). The
autoregressive structure mimicked the causal relationship between condition,
action and crash outcome and the probability density functions are used to
calculate the conditional action probability, crash probability and conditional
crash probability. The predicted sequence is accurate and the estimated
probability is reasonable under both traffic conflict context and normal
interaction context and the conditional crash probability shows the
effectiveness of evasive action to avoid crashes in a counterfactual
experiment
Self-Diffusion in 2D Dusty Plasma Liquids: Numerical Simulation Results
We perform Brownian dynamics simulations for studying the self-diffusion in
two-dimensional (2D) dusty plasma liquids, in terms of both mean-square
displacement and velocity autocorrelation function (VAF). Super-diffusion of
charged dust particles has been observed to be most significant at infinitely
small damping rate for intermediate coupling strength, where the
long-time asymptotic behavior of VAF is found to be the product of and
. The former represents the prediction of early theories in
2D simple liquids and the latter the VAF of a free Brownian particle. This
leads to a smooth transition from super-diffusion to normal diffusion, and then
to sub-diffusion with an increase of the damping rate. These results well
explain the seemingly contradictory scattered in recent classical molecular
dynamics simulations and experiments of dusty plasmas.Comment: 10 pages 5 figures, accepted by PR
Finite size effects on in QCD from Chiral Perturbation Theory
We present a determination of the shift due to the finite
spatial box size by means of Chiral Perturbation Theory and
L\"uscher's formula. The range of applicability of the chiral prediction is
discussed.Comment: 3 pages, 3 figures, Lattice2002(spectrum
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