A new species of cosmocercoides (Nematoda; cosmocercidae) and other helminths in leptodactylus latrans (anura; leptodactylidae) from Argentina

Cosmocercoides latrans n. sp. (Cosmocercidae) from the small intestine of Leptodactylus latrans (Anura: Leptodactylidae) from Northeastern Province of Buenos Aires, Argentina is described. The new species can be distinguished from their congeners by a combination of the characters, among which stands out the number of rosette papillae, the lack of gubernaculum and the presence of lateral alae in both sexes. There are over 20 species in the genus Cosmocercoides, and Cosmocercoides latrans n. sp. represents the third species from the Neotropical realm and the second for Argentina. Additionally, seven previously known taxa are reported; Pseudoacanthocephalus cf. lutzi, Catadiscus uruguayensis, Rauschiella palmipedis, Aplectana hylambatis, Cosmocerca parva, Schrankiana sp. and Rhabdias elegans; providing literature records and information on distribution and host-parasite relationships.Fil: Draghi, Regina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. División Zoología Invertebrados; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Drago, Fabiana Beatriz. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. División Zoología Invertebrados; Argentina. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas; ArgentinaFil: Lunaschi, Lía Inés. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. División Zoología Invertebrados; Argentin

Non-standard errors

In statistics, samples are drawn from a population in a data-generating process (DGP). Standard errors measure the uncertainty in estimates of population parameters. In science, evidence is generated to test hypotheses in an evidence generating process (EGP). We claim that EGP variation across researchers adds uncertainty: Non-standard errors (NSEs). We study NSEs by letting 164 teams test the same hypotheses on the same data. NSEs turn out to be sizable, but smaller for better reproducible or higher rated research. Adding peer-review stages reduces NSEs. We further find that this type of uncertainty is underestimated by participants

The gastrointestinal nematodes of Paramelomys lorentzii and Mammelomys spp. (Rodentia: Muridae) with descriptions of a new genus and three new species (Heligmonellidae) from Papua New Guinea and Indonesia

Warner, LR ORCiD: 0000-0002-1587-8129Unidentified cestodes and 14 species of nematode and larvae that could not be placed to family level, were collected from the digestive tracts of 27 individuals of Paramelomys lorentzii, four of Mammelomys lanosus and a single M. rattoides from Papua New Guinea and Papua Indonesia. Of these three were new species. Hughjonestrongylus woolleyae sp. nov. can be distinguished from its congeners in having up to 26 ridges in the synlophe and a dissymmetric dorsal ray. Parvinema bafunminensis gen. nov., sp. nov. can be distinguished from all other genera in the family by the combination of features in the synlophe; with a carene, up to 17 ridges, and the pattern of ridge sizes. Parvinema helgeni sp. nov. differs from P. bafunminensis in the length of the spicule and the number of eggs in the uterus. The nematode assemblage of P. lorentzii had similar species richness to, and was also dominated by heligmonellids, as that of Paramelomys rubex, although the two assemblages differed in species composition. © 2017 W. Stefański Institute of Parasitology, PAS 2017

The Gastrointestinal Helminths of Rattus giluwensis and Rattus novaeguineae (Rodentia: Muridae) with descriptions of two new species (Nematoda) from Papua New Guinea

Warner, LR ORCiD: 0000-0002-1587-8129Helminths, a cestode, and 4 nematode species, including 2 new species and 1 putative new species, were collected from the digestive tracts of 8 Rattus giluwensis Muridae, and a cestode and 7 nematode species, including 2 putative new species, were obtained from the digestive tracts of 8 Rattus novaeguineae from Papua New Guinea. Heterakis sirawii n. Sp. Heterakidae most closely resembles Heterakis fieldingi Smales, 1996, and Heterakis dahomensis Gendre, 1911 but differs from both these species in having ornamentation on the lateral alae, as well as in body size, the dimensions of the precloacal sucker, and egg size. Odilia hagemannae n. Sp. Heligmonellidae most closely resembles a group of species comprising Odilia emanuelae Mawson, 1961, Odilia bainae Gibbons and Spratt, 1995, Odilia tasmaniensis Gibbons and Spratt, 1995, and Odilia mamsaensis Hasegawa, Miyata, and Syafruddin, 1999, which have between 17 and 22 ridges on the synlophe at the midbody but differs from each of these species in the detail of the synlophe ridges and the length of the spicules. The nematodes identified from R. giluwensis represented 85.7% of the helminth component community and those of R. Novaeguineae 57.5% as calculated using the bootstrap estimator of species richness. Neither assemblage resembled that of any murid endemic to Papua New Guinea that has been studied thus far. The suites of nematodes recovered, however, were closer to that of the new endemic, Rattus leucopus, than those of the older endemic hydromyin murines that have been studied. © The Helminthological Society of Washington

The genus Rhadinorhynchus (Acanthocephala: Rhadinorhynchidae) from marine fish in Australia with the description of four new species

Warner, LR ORCiD: 0000-0002-1587-8129Species of Rhadinorhynchus, collected from Australian waters were examined. Specimens of Rhadinorhynchus from Scorpis aequipinnis, Girella tricuspidata, Johnius australis and Grammatobothus polyophthalmus could not be identified further. New host and locality records are reported for R. bicircumspinus found in Trachurus declivis and Rexea solandri from the east coast of Tasmania; R. carangis found in Trachinotus bailonii and T. copperingi from Queensland and Western Australian coasts; R. polynemi from Queensland; R. seriolae found in Seriola lalandi from the east coast of Australia. An immature female specimen of R. johnstoni provided no additional data on the species. Rhadinorhynchus biformis sp. nov., described from Pelates quadrilineatus and a trumpeter from Moreton Bay, Queensland differs from all its congeners in the pattern of the trunk spines, a single field of numerous small spines ventro-laterally, overlapping with irregular rows and circles of larger spines extending posteriorly. Rhadinorhynchus pichelinae sp. nov. described from Upeneichthys vlamingi from Point Peron, Western Australia differs from all its congeners in having proboscis armature of 10 longitudinal rows of 24-28, usually 26-27 hooks up to 87 long and a single field of 21-24 irregular circles of spines on the anterior trunk, with the posterior circles incomplete dorsally. Rhadinorhynchus polydactyli sp. nov. described from Polydactylus sp. from Moreton Bay is differentiated from all congenerics by the elongated neck of the females and having a proboscis armature of up to 34 hooks in 10 longitudinal rows. Rhadinorhynchus pomatomi sp. nov. found in Pomotomus saltrix differs from its most similar congeners, those without dorsal trunk spines, in having a proboscis armature of 12-15 rows of 20-22 hooks up to 73.5-80.5 long. Rhadinorhynchus bicircumspinus, R. biformis, R. pichelinae, R. polydactyli and R. pomatomi are known only from Australian waters while R. carangis and R. seriolae are also known from Japanese waters, R. johnstoni from the western Pacific and R. polynemi from the Indian coast. © 2014 Versita Warsaw

Gastrointestinal helminths of Rattus steini (Rodentia: Muridae) from Papua New Guinea

Warner, LR ORCiD: 0000-0002-1587-8129Helminth specimens representing 3 cestode species, an acanthocephalan, and 15 nematode species were collected from the digestive tracts of 30 individuals of Rattus steini (Muridae) from Papua New Guinea. Of the nematode morphotypes, 7 could be identified to species level and there was insufficient material to fully identify the remainder. All were new host records. A bootstrap estimator of species richness indicated that 83.6% of the expected species in the gastrointestinal helminth community of R. steini were recovered. A comparison of the gastrointestinal communities of Rattus leucopus, Rattus giluwensis, Rattus novaeguineae, and Rattus niobe with R. steini found that the dominant elements in each case were heterakids, oxyurids, and spirurids, with heligmonellids at low prevalences and intensities. © 2018 The Helminthological Society of Washington

New species of Gorgorhynchoides (Acanthocephala: Isthmosacanthidae) from Australian Fish (Carangidae) with a key to the species of the genus

Warner, LR ORCiD: 0000-0002-1587-8129During an examination of a collection of Acanthocephala from the intestines of carangid fish from Australia 3 species of Gorgorhynchoides (Isthmosacanthidae), new to science, were found. These species differ from all congeners as follows: Gorgorhynchoides cribbi n. sp., described from Seriola hippos in Western Australia, has the anterior part of the proboscis lobulated and irregular tegumental plaques on the trunk; Gorgorhynchoides queenslandensis n. sp., described from Seriola lalandi in Queensland, has a suite of characters, including the largest hooks of the proboscis armature up to 105 m in length and 2 fields of spines, with the second field comprising 1-2 rows of robust spines encircling the bulbous swelling of the trunk; Gorgorhynchoides gnathanodontos n. sp., from Gnathanodon speciosus and Caranx bucculentus in Queensland and Western Australia, has hooks 6-11 of the proboscis armature with manubria. A key to the species of Gorgorhynchoides is given. © The Helminthological Society of Washington

Two species of Acanthocephala (Rhadinorhynchidae and Transvenidae) from Elasmobranchs from Australia

Warner, LR ORCiD: 0000-0002-1587-8129Acanthocephalan parasites, Serrasentis sagittifer, from a shark, Carcharhinus sorrah, and a species of Pararhadinorhynchus from a ray, Himantura granulata, are reported from Queensland, Australia. The collection of acanthocephalans from cartilaginous fish (elasmobranchs) as either occasional or definitive hosts is unusual, but not unknown. In this instance, the finding of S. sagittifer is considered an occasional infection. The life cycle of Pararhadinorhynchus sp., 1 of 4 species known only from elasmobranch hosts, is equivocal, as putative bony fish hosts are unknown. Of the other 3 species, only Megapriapus ungriai has an elasmobranch acknowledged as the definitive host. © The Helminthological Society of Washington