Câncer do pâncreas em fase inicial: é possível identificá-lo através dos instrumentos científicos e propedêuticos atualmente disponíveis? Early pancreatic cancer: the methods currently available can identify this disease?

OBJETIVOS: Chamar a atenção da classe médica em geral sobre os pacientes com alto risco de desenvolver câncer pancreático e se existem ou não formas de vigilância e prevenção dessa doença, que podem ser aplicadas à prática clínica diária. LEVANTAMENTO DE DADOS: Utilizou-se o banco de dados do PubMed (US National Library of Medicine), analisaram-se as publicações dos últimos anos, em relação haram aos grupos de risco, testes biológicos moleculares e exames de imagem empregados na identificação de pequenos tumores de pâncreas. SÍNTESE DOS DADOS: Mesmo após os significativos avanços no diagnóstico por imagem, tratamento e compreensão da biologia molecular do adenocarcinoma do pâncreas, a taxa de sobrevivência dessa doença permanece desprezível. Embora embrionárias, as estratégias de vigilância e prevenção para pessoas com risco elevado do câncer de pâncreas têm se desenvolvido. CONCLUSÃO: Este artigo de atualização enfoca, resumidamente, as estratégias para melhor identificação de pessoas com alto risco de desenvolver essa doença e qual é o estado da arte do aconselhamento genético e de rastreamento através dos exames de imagem disponíveis.<br>OBJECTIVES: Call attention of the gastroenterologists and surgeons on the patients with high risk of developing pancreatic carcinoma, and whether or not forms of surveillance and prevention of this disease, which can be applied to daily clinical practice. DATA SURVEY: It was used the database of PubMed (US National Library of Medicine), looked up the publications of recent years for the groups at risk, molecular biological testing and methods of image used in the identification of small tumors of the pancreas. BACKGROUND: The survival rates of adenocarcinoma of the pancreas remain negligible, even after the significant advances in diagnosis by imaging, treatment and understanding of the molecular biology of this disease. Although embryonic strategies for surveillance and prevention for people with high risk of pancreatic cancer has developed. CONCLUSIONS: This review summarizes how to identify people at high risk of developing this disease and what is the state of the art of genetic counseling and screening through techniques of image available

Effect of round goby (Neogobius melanostomus) invasion on blue mussel (Mytilus edulis trossulus) population and winter diet of the long-tailed duck (Clangula hyemalis)

The invasive round goby has established a viable population within 9 years of its first introduction to Lithuanian coastal waters (SE Baltic Sea). During its expansion phase, abundances increased 23-fold, which led to the near complete eradication of its main prey, the blue mussel, at < 20 m depth. The round goby population showed a stabilizing trend after blue mussel biomass was depleted; however, their abundance has not declined. The round goby feeds efficiently on newly settled mollusks, causing a severe constraint for blue mussel recovery. Changes in blue mussel availability and size structure induced a dietary shift in wintering long-tailed duck towards fish prey. An energetically dense food source sustains a good body condition in long-tailed ducks, however the change in trophic position (from 3.1 to 4.3 trophic level) suggests the potential for a reduction in their carrying capacity. Results from this study also show that coastal habitats with low and unpredictable population dynamics of blue mussel become less attractive wintering sites for long-tailed duck in the Baltic Sea. We also document a cascading effect of invasive species in the food web