Effect of Aloe vera on some indicators of cell damage after a period of aerobic exercise in male athletes

Introduction: Aloe vera is a medicinal plant with antioxidant activity. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Aloe vera on some indicators of cell damage after a period of aerobic exercise in male athletes of 15-18 years old. Methods: In this clinical trial study, 20 male students with average weight of 64.85 &plusmn; 51 and height of 172.05 &plusmn; 6.4 were randomly assigned to 2 groups of Aloe vera supplement (n = 10) and placebo (n = 10). Then aerobic training was conducted for 4 weeks. The supplemented group took 3 capsules, each capsule contains 2 g of dried Aloe vera and placebo group took 3 capsules/day containing dextran after every meal. To determine the index of cell injury markers creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and reactive protein C (CRP) were determined and blood samples were collected 24 hours before and after each test. The data were analyzed using ANOVA and independent t test. Significance level was considered as P &le; .05. Results: The use of Aloe vera during aerobic exercise significantly reduced LDH (P = .006) in the supplement group (15 reduction) compared to placebo group and CRP with 11 reduction in the supplement group compared to placebo (P = .008). There was no significant reduction in CK. Conclusion: The findings of this study showed that Aloe vera reduces cell damage and inflammation indicators. This result may reflect the role of Aloe vera as anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agent.</p

Determining the effect of aloe Vera and aerobic exercise on lactate de-hydrogenase in male athletes

Aloe Vera is a medicinal plant as antioxidants reduce cell damage and used. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Aloe Vera on lactate de-hydrogenase after a period of aerobic exercise in male athletes. Methods This study applied the method according to the nature of the study, based on semi-empirical research and a review of the pre-test, post-test supplements and placebo groups, respectively. In this study,20 male students weight was 64.85 ± .51 and height was 172.05 ± 6.4 were randomly assigned to two groups of Imam Ali College of Physical Education Supplement (n = 10) and placebo (10 people). Then aerobic training was conducted for 4 weeks in the supplemented group were taking 3 capsules, each capsule contains 2 grams of dried Aloe Vera and placebo group were taking 3 capsules containing Dextrin daily after every meal. To determine the index of LDH were used and blood samples were collected 24 hours before and after each test Cooper with student in the lab. To describe data, analytical data, and for the mean and standard deviation of repeated measures ANOVA and independent T-test was used for comparison between groups Significance level was P ≤ 0.05. The use of Aloe Vera during aerobic exercise significantly, cautious reduced LDH (P=0.006) in the supplement group compared to placebo was 15 reduction. Conclusion: Overall the findings of this study showed that Aloe Vera reduces lactate de-hydrogenase. This result may reflect the role of Aloe Vera has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant

Drowning Among Children 1–4 Years of Age in California, 2017–2021

Background and Objectives: Drowning, the leading cause of unintentional injury death among California children less than five years of age, averaged 49 annual fatalities for the years 2010–2021. The California Pool Safety Act aims to reduce fatalities by requiring safety measures around residential pools. This study was designed to analyze annual fatality rates and drowning incidents in California among children 1–4 years of age from 2017–2021. Methods: We identified fatalities, injury hospitalizations, and emergency department (ED) visits from California state vital statistics death data and state hospital and ED discharge data using the EpiCenter California Injury Data Online website. Results: Over the five-year study period, 4,166 drowning incidents were identified: 234 were fatalities, 846 were hospitalizations, and 3,086 were ED visits. The observed difference in fatality rates from 2017 to 2021 failed to achieve statistical significance (P = 0.88). Location-based analysis of the 234 fatal drowning incidents revealed that pools were the most common injury site, accounting for 65% of the cases. Conclusion: Drowning remains the leading cause of unintentional, injury-related death among California children 1–4 years of age, as the annual rate of fatality over the five-year study period did not decline. While the EpiCenter California Injury Data Online website is excellent for analyzing annual rates of drowning incidents among California residents over time, it is limited in providing insight into modifiable risk factors and event circumstances that can further inform prevention. The development of robust integrated fatal and non-fatal local, state, and national systematic data collection systems could aid in moving the needle in decreasing pool fatalities among young children

Treatment-related complications in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Results of medical research council UKALL X

Background: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a heterogeneous group of lymphoid neoplasms resulting from the proliferation of malignant lymphoid cells. The aim of this study was to evaluate treatment-related complications in children with ALL receiving the Medical Research Council (MRC) UKALL X protocol. Methods: In this retrospective cross-sectional study, children with ALL receiving the MRC UKALL X protocol from 2008 to 2015 in Bahrami University Hospital, Iran, were enrolled. The clinical and morphological features were analysed and treatment-related complications were assessed. Results: Out of 67 children with ALL receiving the MRC UKALL X protocol, 44 (65.6 ) were boys and 23 (34.4) were girls. Seven patients (10.7) relapsed in the three years of diagnosis, and 50 children (74.6) had an overall survival of three years. Average age in three-year-survival group and mortality group was 6.92 (SD: 3.96) and 6.35 (SD: 7.47), respectively (P= 0.38). Conclusion: Overall survival and relapse rates in this study confirm that this protocol is an appropriate treatment strategy. © 2020, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved

Nicotinic Receptors Underlying Nicotine Dependence: Evidence from Transgenic Mouse Models.

Nicotine underlies the reinforcing properties of tobacco cigarettes and e-cigarettes. After inhalation and absorption, nicotine binds to various nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subtypes localized on the pre- and postsynaptic membranes of cells, which subsequently leads to the modulation of cellular function and neurotransmitter signaling. In this chapter, we begin by briefly reviewing the current understanding of nicotine's actions on nAChRs and highlight considerations regarding nAChR subtype localization and pharmacodynamics. Thereafter, we discuss the seminal discoveries derived from genetically modified mouse models, which have greatly contributed to our understanding of nicotine's effects on the reward-related mesolimbic pathway and the aversion-related habenulo-interpeduncular pathway. Thereafter, emerging areas of research focusing on modulation of nAChR expression and/or function are considered. Taken together, these discoveries have provided a foundational understanding of various genetic, neurobiological, and behavioral factors underlying the motivation to use nicotine and related dependence processes, which are thereby advancing drug discovery efforts to promote long-term abstinence

Size Dependence of a Temperature-Induced Solid–Solid Phase Transition in Copper(I) Sulfide

Determination of the phase diagrams for the nanocrystalline forms of materials is crucial for our understanding of nanostructures and the design of functional materials using nanoscale building blocks. The ability to study such transformations in nanomaterials with controlled shape offers further insight into transition mechanisms and the influence of particular facets. Here we present an investigation of the size-dependent, temperature-induced solid-solid phase transition in copper sulfide nanorods from low- to high-chalcocite. We find the transition temperature to be substantially reduced, with the high chalcocite phase appearing in the smallest nanocrystals at temperatures so low that they are typical of photovoltaic operation. Size dependence in phase trans- formations suggests the possibility of accessing morphologies that are not found in bulk solids at ambient conditions. These other- wise-inaccessible crystal phases could enable higher-performing materials in a range of applications, including sensing, switching, lighting, and photovoltaics