Electromyographical Study Of The Iliocostalis Lumborum, Longissimus Thoracis And Spinalis Thoracis Muscles In Various Positions And Movements

The iliocostalis lumborum, longissimus thoracis and spinalis thoracis muscles were studied electromyographically in six male individuals between 18 and 23 years old. They were connected to co-axial needle electrodes while in orthostatic, kneeling and sitting positions performing movements of flexing, extending and rotating the trunk. In the total flexing of the trunk the muscles did not present any action potential. The results showed intense potential for action while flexing the trunk 45 degrees, extending the trunk beginning at 45 degrees of flexing and in homolateral rotation for the muscles analyzed in the orthostatic position, emphasizing the iliocostalis lumborum muscle in the extension of the trunk which registered very strong action potentials in all individuals. There were similar results for movements of flexing and extending the trunk in the kneeling position, emphasizing the longissimus thoracis muscle in the movement of hyperextension. In the sitting position the more intense potentials were for the movements of extension, flexing with rotation and homolateral rotation of the trunk, emphasizing the longissimus thoracis muscle with strong potentials.406345349Asmussen, E., The weight-carrying function of the human spine (1960) Acta Orthop. Scand., 29, pp. 276-290Basmajian, J.V., Muscles alive, their function revealed by electromyographic (1962), Williams and Wilkins, BaltimoreWeight-bearing by ligaments and muscles (1961) Canad. J. Surg., 4, pp. 166-177(1976) Electrofisiologia de la Accion Muscular, pp. 13-152. , Panamericana, Buenos AiresCarlsoo, S., The static muscle load in different work positions: An electromyographic study (1961) Ergonomics, 4 (3), pp. 193-210Floyd, W.F., Silver, P.H.S., The function of the erectores spinal muscles in certain movements and postures in man (1955) Journal Physiology, 129, pp. 184-203Gregersen, G.G., Lucas, D.B., An in vivo study of axial rotation of the human thoracolumbar spine (1967) J. Bone and Joint Surg., 49 A, pp. 247-262Klausen, K., The form and function of the loaded human spine (1965) Acta Physiol. Scand., 65, pp. 176-190Kravitz, E., Moore, E.M., Glanos, A., Paralumbar muscle activity in chronic low back pain (1981) Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil., 62 (4), pp. 172-176Lucas, D.B., Bresler, B., (1960) Stability of the Ligamentous Spine, 41. , Techn. Report Ser. 11 Biomechanics Laboratory, University of CaliforniaMorris, J.M., Lucas, D.B., Bresler, B., Role of the trunk in stability of the spine (1961) J. Bone and Joint Surg., 43 A, pp. 327-351Benner, G., Lucas, D.B., An electromyographic study of the intrinsic muscles of the back in man (1962) Journal Anat., 96, pp. 509-552Pauly, J.E., An electromyographic analysis of certain movements and exercises. I. Some deep muscles of the back (1966) AnatRecord., 155 (2), pp. 223-243Portnoy, H., Morin, F., Electromyographic study of postural muscles in various positions and movements (1956) Amer. Journal Physiol., 186, pp. 122-126Rasch, P.J., Burke, R.K., (1977) Cinesiologia e Anatomia Aplicada, , Guanabara Koogan, Rio de JaneiroWalters, R.L., Morris, J.M., Electrical activity of muscles of the fund during walking (1972) Journal Anat., 11 (2), pp. 191-19

Fonsecaea pedrosoi cerebral phaeohyphomycosis ("chromoblastomycosis"): first human culture-proven case reported in Brazil Feohifomicose cerebral ("cromoblastomicose") por Fonsecaea pedrosoi: primeiro caso demonstrado por cultura do fungo no Brasil

Cerebral phaeohyphomycosis ("chromoblastomycosis") is a rare intracranial lesion. We report the first human culture-proven case of brain abscesses due to Fonsecaea pedrosoi in Brazil. The patient, a 28 year-old immunocompetent white male, had ocular manifestations and a hypertensive intracranial syndrome. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain revealed a main tumoral mass involving the right temporo-occipital area and another smaller apparently healed lesion at the left occipital lobe. A cerebral biopsy was performed and the pathological report was cerebral chromoblastomycosis. The main lesion was enucleated surgically and culture of the necrotic and suppurative mass grew a fungus identified as Fonsecaea pedrosoi. The patient had received a knife wound sixteen years prior to his hospitalization and, more recently, manifested a pulmonary granulomatous lesion in the right lung with a single non-pigmented form of a fungus present. It was speculated that the fungus might have gained entrance to the host through the skin lesion, although a primary respiratory lesion was not excluded. The patient was discharged from the hospital still with ocular manifestations and on antimycotic therapy and was followed for eight months without disease recurrence. Few months after he had complications of the previous neuro-surgery and died. A complete autopsy was performed and no residual fungal disease was found.<br>A Feohifomicose cerebral ("cromoblastomicose") é uma lesão rara. Apresentamos o primeiro caso desta entidade com cultura do abscesso cerebral, devido a Fonsecaea pedrosoi. O paciente, um homem de 28 anos de idade, imunocompetente, apresentou manifestações oculares e síndrome de hipertensão intracraniana. Imagens de ressonância magnética (MRI) cerebral mostraram massa tumoral envolvendo a área temporo-occipital direita e outra lesão menor, possivelmente cicatricial, no lobo occipital esquerdo. Biopsia cerebral mostrou cromoblastomicose cerebral. A lesão principal foi enucleada cirurgicamente e Fonsecaea pedrosoi foi cultivado da massa necrótica e supurada. O paciente tinha tido um ferimento por faca 16 anos antes de ser visto no nosso hospital e, mais recentemente, uma lesão pulmonar granulomatosa no pulmão direito onde foi identificada uma forma isolada, não pigmentada, de fungo. A possibilidade de que o fungo tenha penetrado no organismo do paciente através da lesão de pele foi considerada, mas não se pode excluir uma eventual lesão primária pulmonar. O paciente teve alta hospitalar e foi seguido durante oito meses sem recorrência da doença. Meses depois, entretanto, desenvolveu complicações relacionadas à neurocirurgia, vindo a óbito. Uma autopsia completa foi feita, não demonstrando doença fúngica remanescente

An\ue1lise da variabilidade gen\ue9tica de arnica (Lychnophora ericoides Less. - Asteraceae) usando marcadores RAPDs

O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar e quantificar a variabilidade genética entre e dentro das populações de arnica por meio de marcadores RAPD. Foram amostradas quatro populações na região geoeconômica do Distrito Federal: Parque Nacional de Brasília (2), Fazenda Água Limpa - UnB (1) e Reserva do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE) (1). Folhas de 24 indivíduos de cada região foram coletadas, totalizando 96 indivíduos. Num total de 105 iniciadores testados foram selecionados 15, totalizando 60 bandas polimórficas. Marcadores RAPDs selecionados foram analisados com a utilização dos programas NTSYS e Amova. O dendrograma obtido pelo método UPGMA e coeficiente de dissimilaridade Dice evidenciou quatro agrupamentos consistentes, com índice de dissimilaridade variando entre 62 a 71%. O teste de Mantel aplicado estabeleceu uma correlação cofenética com valores de r = 0.82, significando que as distâncias geográficas entre as populações amostradas estão correlacionadas com a distância genética. A análise de AMOVA mostrou uma percentagem variabilidade genética entre populações de 35,7% e dentro de populações de 64,3%, evidenciando uma alta variação entre populações, sendo um importante resultado para definição de uma estratégia de conservação da espécie que se encontra em situação vulnerável à extinção

Brazilian Flora 2020: Leveraging the power of a collaborative scientific network

International audienceThe shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora