TB77: Paths Out of Poverty: Research in the Northeast

This publication presents summaries of poverty research done under the aegis of the U.S. Department of Agriculture and the agricultural experiment stations of eight cooperating land grant universities in the Northeast. The project was designated as Paths Out of Poverty and was identified as NE-68. While there is a general introduction, as well as introductions to the two main sections and a concluding summary, the major focus of the publication is the summaries of the various research projects. The reader is directed to the list of references following the entries of the individual states. In most cases reference is made to publications which present the summarized data in more detail.https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/aes_techbulletin/1128/thumbnail.jp

TB66: A List of the Lepidoptera of Maine: Part 1 Macrolepidoptera

The first volume in the Lepidoptera of Maine series. This one focuses on the Macrolepidoptera.https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/aes_techbulletin/1139/thumbnail.jp

Behavior of Aerosols in a Steam-Air Environment

The behavior of aerosols assumed to be characteristic of those generated during light water reactor (LWR) accident sequences and released into containment is being studied in the Nuclear Safety Pilot Plant (NSPP) which is located at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). The program plan for the NSPP aerosol project provides for the study of the behavior, within containment, of simulated LWR accident aerosols emanating from fuel, reactor core structural materials, and from concrete-molten core materials interactions. The aerodynamic behavior of each of these aerosols was studied individually to establish its characteristics; current experiments involve mixtures of these aerosols to establish their interaction and collective behavior within containment. Tests have been conducted with U/sub 3/O/sub 8/ aerosols, Fe/sub 2/O/sub 3/ aerosols, and concrete aerosols in an environment of either dry air (relative humidity (RH) less than 20%) or steam-air (relative humidity (RH) approximately 100%) with aerosol mass concentration being the primary experimental variable

Religious Identity, Religious Attendance, and Parental Control

Using a national sample of adolescents aged 10–18 years and their parents (N = 5,117), this article examines whether parental religious identity and religious participation are associated with the ways in which parents control their children. We hypothesize that both religious orthodoxy and weekly religious attendance are related to heightened levels of three elements of parental control: monitoring activities, normative regulations, and network closure. Results indicate that an orthodox religious identity for Catholic and Protestant parents and higher levels of religious attendance for parents as a whole are associated with increases in monitoring activities and normative regulations of American adolescents

Staffing and Training Aspects of Hospital Management: Some Issues for Research

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/68624/2/10.1177_107755878904600205.pd

Prerequisites for a dry powder inhaler for children with cystic fibrosis

Correct inhalation technique is essential for effective use of dry powder inhalers (DPIs), as their effectiveness largely depends on the patient's inhalation manoeuvre. Children are an especially challenging target population for DPI development due to the large variability in understanding and inspiratory capacities. We previously performed a study in which we determined the prerequisites for a paediatric DPI in a mostly healthy paediatric population, for which we used an empty test inhaler with variable internal airflow resistance and mouthpiece. In the current study we investigated what specifications are required for a DPI for children with cystic fibrosis (CF), for which we expanded on our previous findings. We recorded flow profiles of 35 children with CF (aged 4.7-14.7 years) at three airflow resistances (0.031-0.045 kPa0.5.min.L-1) from which various inspiratory parameters were computed. Obstructions in the mouth during inhalation were recorded with a sinuscope. All children were able to perform a correct inhalation manoeuvre, although video analysis showed that children did not place the inhaler correctly in the mouth in 17% of the cases. No effect was found of medium to high airflow resistance on total inhaled volume, which implies that the whole resistance range tested is suitable for children with CF aged 4-14 years. No effect could be established of either mouthpiece design or airflow resistance on the occurrence of obstructions in the mouth cavity. This study confirms our previous conclusion that the development of DPIs specifically for children is highly desired. Such a paediatric DPI should function well at 0.5 L inhaled volume and a peak inspiratory flow rate of 20 to 30 L/min, depending on the internal airflow resistance. This resistance can be increased up to 0.045 kPa0.5.min.L-1 (medium-high) to reduce oropharyngeal deposition. A higher resistance may be less favourable due to its compromising effect on PIF and thereby on the energy available for powder dispersion

In-line tritium monitoring in the GCFR vented irradiation capsule GB-10

An in-line tritium monitoring system was designed, tested, and operated on the sweep gas from the Gas-Cooled Fast Reactor irradiation capsule GB-10. Cooled charcoal traps removed fission and activation products and the HTO form of tritium from the gas stream but allowed the HT form to pass through. The tritium-bearing gas stream then passed through an ionization chamber containing a vibrating-reed electrometer which recorded the tritium response on a strip-chart recorder. Total tritium (HT + HTO) determination was attempted by passing the sweep gas through an HTO converter (magnesium at 500/sup 0/C) that quantitatively converted HTO to HT when the gas stream contained hydrogen carrier. An alternate and independent tritium detection system was included downstream from the ionization chamber. The gas stream could be valved through an HT converter (CuO at 500/sup 0/C), which quantitatively converted HT to HTO, and then valved through heated lines to molecular-sieve traps. Laboratory procedures were necessary to release the tritium and to determine the amount adsorbed by the molecular-sieve traps. Fifteen tritium monitoring experiments were completed with this system. Data obtained from the electrometer and molecular -sieve samples were in excellent agreement. Molecular-sieve samples were necessary on some experiments due to low tritium levels and the unexpected presence of /sup 24/Ne in the gas stream.The low-level /sup 24/Ne was apparently produced in the fuel region of the capsule and was not retained by the charcoal traps. Monitored tritium was significantly lower than the calculated birth rate. Areas exposed to fission product deposition retained tritium from high-purity helium and released tritium when the gas stream contained hydrogen carrier. Temperature-dependent tritium release was observed while sweeping the heated charcoal trap region of the GB-10 fuel rod