THE IMPACT OF SOCIAL WELFARE POLICIES ON SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT IN SOUTH AFRICA: AN NGO PERSPECTIVE

The democratic government of South Africa has adopted a developmental framework and isaspiring towards being a developmental state (Department of Social Development, 2006a:2).However, the aspiration to become a developmental state is being seriously questioned in view ofthe increasing gap between the rich and the poor over the country’s thirteen years of democracy.Although it was expected that it would take a considerable time to eradicate the legacy of the past(RSA, 2006:5) it is a matter of great concern that the levels of poverty and inequality are on theincrease in South Africa. Although South Africa’s neo-liberal macro-economic policy contributedto an economic growth rate of 4,9% in 2006 (RSA, 2007a:5), the policy is criticised for notsufficiently achieving economic development. The social welfare sector is one area in which themacro-economic policy impacts on government’s responsibility for, and accountability to, thevulnerable and the marginalised in society

IMPACT OF SOCIAL SERVICES ON HUMAN, SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND THE PROMOTION OF HUMAN RIGHTS IN SOUTH AFRICA

Historically, the annual South African social welfare budget has focused mainly on social security and hence included a very small percentage of funds for social welfare services.  For the 2003/04 book year 91,7% was budgeted for social care, including social security, as opposed to 4,4% for the financing of welfare services (De Vries, 2004).  in the 2004/05 budget provision is made for 91,6% for social care as compared to only 4,6% for welfare services, which is shared by the welfare sector in government and NGOs (De Vries, 2004)

John's gospel and the Johannine church: A mirror of events wifhin a text or/and a window on events within a church

John's gospel and the Johannine church: A mirror of events within a textor/and a window on events within a church.This paper investigates the problem of an alleged Johannine church/ school. The hermeneutical paradigms and results of two mainline exegetical methods are assessed, namely the historico-critical method and literary criticism (a textimmanent procedure). Their respective approaches of using the text of John's Gospel (JG) as a window and as a mirror are correlated. An analysis of the narrator's commentary (footnotes, asides) furnished important conclusions. They are that a referential correlation exists between the worlds within and outside the text. The direction of reference runs from the textextemal to the textintemal worlds, furthermore, thepragmatics of JG as a religio-historical text justifies the assumption that the readers/church within and outside the text are to be identified as ambivalent entities consisting of both Jewish and Hellenistic elements

Tradition and interpretation: Twenty-five attempted approaches - in honour of E Earle Ellis

In a collection of essays in honour of prof E Earle Ellis twenty-five scholars surveyed the present (1987) state of New Testament scholarship and presented their own contributions. The title, Tradition and interpretation in the New Testament, epitomises the paradigm by means of which the authors dealt with issues such as methodology relating to New Testament studies, the meaning and significance of crucial New Testament passages and some New Testament theological themes. The present author contends that the qualification ‘attempted approaches’ in the subtitle of this article spells out that a scrutiny of the articles displays that the authors did not investigate interpretations of traditions in the New Testament, but that they rather present their diverse interpretations of the various versions of early-Christian traditions contained in the New Tesatament.

Mercury deposition in southern New Hampshire, 2006–2009

The atmospheric deposition of mercury (Hg) occurs via several mechanisms including wet, dry, and occult processes. In an effort to understand the atmospheric cycling and seasonal depositional characteristics of Hg, event-based wet deposition samples and reactive gaseous Hg (RGM) measurements were collected for approximately 3 years at Thompson Farm (TF), a near-coastal rural site in Durham, NH, part of the University of New Hampshire AIRMAP Observing Network. Total aqueous mercury exhibited seasonal patterns in Hg wet deposition at TF. The lowest Hg wet deposition was measured in the winter with an average total seasonal deposition of 1.56 μg m−2compared to the summer average of 4.71 μg m−2. Inter-annual differences in total wet deposition are generally linked with precipitation volume, with the greatest deposition occurring in the wettest year. Relationships between surface level RGM and Hg wet deposition were also investigated based on continuous RGM measurements at TF from November 2006 to September 2009. No correlations were observed between RGM mixing ratios and Hg wet deposition, however the ineffective scavenging of RGM during winter precipitation events was evidenced by the less frequent depletion of RGM below the detection level. Seasonal dry deposition of reactive gaseous Hg (RGM) was estimated using an order-of-magnitude approach. RGM mixing ratios and dry deposition estimates were greatest during the winter and spring. The seasonal ratios of Hg wet deposition to RGM dry deposition vary by up to a factor of 80

Trace metal applications in atmospheric and watershed dynamics: Case studies of mercury deposition in New England and bedrock groundwater-surface water mixing

The studies presented in this dissertation focus on the environmental chemistry of two trace metals, mercury (Hg) and strontium (Sr). Both are naturally occurring and exist in the environment at trace levels. Chapters II-IV of this dissertation focus on understanding the atmospheric chemistry of Hg and the wet and dry deposition of this toxic element. Chapter II presents results from Hg wet deposition measurements and ambient reactive gaseous Hg (RGM) measurements collected at Thompson Farm located in Durham, NH over a 3 year time period. The duration of this study allowed for seasonal and inter-annual comparisons. Seasonally, Hg wet deposition was greatest in the summer and spring and lowest in the winter and fall. Evidence of ineffective scavenging of RGM is provided due to the less frequent depletion of RGM during winter precipitation events in comparison with other seasons. RGM dry deposition estimates based on real time concentration measurements are greatest during the winter and spring. Ratios of the seasonal Hg wet deposition to RGM dry deposition vary greatly from 1.6 to 80. A comparison between Hg wet deposition at Thompson Farm and a marine site, Appledore Island, is included in Chapter III. There were no significant differences in event concentration or deposition between the two sites, however, the sample collection efficiency varied greatly between the sites and may effect the results. Additionally, major ion concentrations were measured at the Appledore Island site and compared to the Hg concentrations. The analytical results coupled with air mass back trajectories suggest that the greatest amount of Hg wet deposition occurs when polluted continental air mixes with marine air. A new filter extraction method for determining the environmentally mobile Hg concentration in bulk aerosol filters is presented in Chapter IV. This method is applied during a 2 week intensive sampling campaign at Appledore Island during summer 2009. Chapter V explores the use of Sr isotope ratios to determine groundwater inputs to the Lamprey River. The groundwater and surface waters in the watershed exhibit large differences in 87Sr/86Sr indicating this geochemical indicator could be a useful tool in hydrogeologic studies of the watershed

Migrations et recompositions spatiales en Mauritanie : "Nouadhibou du monde" : ville de transit... et après ?

International audienc

Destination Nouadhibou pour les migrants africains

International audienc

Competency requirements for first-line managers to deal with resistance to change.

Continuous changes in the needs of markets require effective change management at all levels in organisations. First-line managers are directly responsible for meeting the demands of clients and resistance to change at this level could result in sub-standard outputs. The effectiveness of change interventions will be largely determined by the competence of first-line managers to facilitate the desired change taking into account resistance to change. The purpose of this article is to identify competencies required by first-line managers to deal with resistance to change. The findings are based on a literature study and functional analysis